Fabio Luis Barbosa dos Santos delves into the history of South America to understand the rise and fall of the so-called 'progressive governments'. In the wake of mobilizations against neoliberalism in the 1990s, most countries elected presidents identified with change. However, less than twenty years after Hugo Chávez's victory, this trend seems to be reversed. The times of Lula are now Bolsonaro's. What happened? Supported by an extensive bibliography and hundreds of interviews, the author addresses each South American country, including those who did not elect progressives, in addition to Cuba. The national focus is enriched by an analysis of regional integration attempts, providing a detailed and necessary recent history of the subcontinent.
Originally published in Portuguese as Uma história da onda progressista sul-americana (1998-2016) by Elefante, São Paulo, 2018.
Fabio Luis Barbosa dos Santos is Professor of Latin American Studies at the Federal University of São Paulo and a Research Associate at the Society, Work & Politics Institute (SWOP) at the University of the Witwatersrand. He is the author of Origins of Radical Thought and Politics in Latin America (UNICAMP, 2016) and Beyond PT. The crisis of Brazilian left in Latin American perspective (Elefante, 2016).
It is to the enormous credit of this author that he has gone where few other writers would have dared to tread. From a courageous and remarkable survey of ten different countries of South America â the continent that witnessed the rise and decline of the 'Pink Tide' â Fabio Luis has distilled crucial lessons relevant not just to that part of the world but relevant for the Global South as a whole. He has powerfully highlighted the perils of merely moderating the thrust of neoliberal developmentalism rather than breaking with it altogether no matter how high the risk of 'disorder' this might seem to entail. This book is a great learning experience and a must read!
ââAchin Vanaik, Professor (retd.) of International Relations and Global Politics, University of Delhi
Fábio Luis presents a sober and incisive account of the flow and the ebb of the 'pink tide' across South America through an impressive analysis of recent political history in all but one of the countries on the continent, concluding that the pattern of 'permanent counterrevolution' in Latin America prevents a viable reformist path to development. It is a book that should be studied by all who are interested in the trajectory of an alternative to neoliberal politics in the Global South.
ââKarl von Holdt, University of the Witwatersrand
This book examines critically, in great detail, the âpink tideâ in nine Latin American countries, as well as the changing political and economic circumstances in Cuba. This is a key resource for understanding the recent political dynamics in one of the most important and influential regions in the world. Indispensible!
ââAlfredo Saad Filho, Professor of Political Economy, SOAS University of London
The shadows of Latin American progressivism emulate the darkness when the sun declines and the lights that marked an era fade. That's what this book is about, which offers a powerful and enlightening analysis of this historical period.
ââAlberto Acosta, former president of Constituent Assembly of Montecristi, Ecuador
âAbout Power and Impotence
âAcknowledgements
âIntroduction
â1 The âProgressive Waveâ
â2 A National Approach
â3 A Methodological Note
â1 Venezuelan Revolution: Underdevelopment despite an Abundance of Foreign Exchange
â1 Introduction
â2 Underdevelopment with Abundance of Foreign Exchange Reserves
â3 Bolivarian Revolution
â4 Dilemmas of the Venezuelan Revolution
â5 Crisis
â6 Final Thoughts
â2 Conciliation and Order under âLulaismâ in Brazil
â1 Introduction
â2 Preamble
â3 Strategies of Accumulation: Neodevelopmentism or Neoliberalism?
â3.1 Conciliation and Order
â3.2 Neodevelopment
â4 The Lulista Way of Regulating Social Conflict
â4.1 Articulation of Two Consensuses
â4.2 Conservative Modernization
â5 Lulism in Crisis
â5.1 From the June Days to Mobilizations for Impeachment
â5.2 Impeachment
â6 Final Thoughts
â7 Post-scriptum: the 2018 Brazilian Presidential Elections
â3 Kirchnerism and Impasses of the Bourgeois Way in Argentina
â1 Introduction
â2 Perón and Peronism
â3 From the âNational Reorganization Processâ to Neoliberal Democracy
â4 Kirchner Governments
â5 Cristina Kirchner
â6 Final Thoughts
â4The Process of Change in Bolivia: Creative or Destructive Tensions?
â1 Introduction
â2 The Variegated Society between Revolution and Dictatorships
â3 Democracy and Neoliberalism
â4 Revolutionary Conjuncture
â5 The Process of Change
â6 Final Thoughts
â5 Ecology versus Capitalism: Dilemmas of the Citizen Revolution in Ecuador
â1 Introduction
â2 Ecuadorian Formation
â3 From Re-democratization to Alianza PaÃs
â4 Political Economy of the Citizen Revolution
â5 Final Thoughts
â6 The Deposition of Lugo in Paraguay and the Brasiguayo Question
â1 Introduction
â2 The Agrarian Question and Brazilian Presence in Paraguay
â3 Soy and Brasiguayos
â4 The Lugo Presidency (2008â2012)
â5 The Agrarian Question in the Lugo Government
â6 The Political Judgment
â7 Final Thoughts
â7 Brazil and the Political Economy of South American Integration
â1 Introduction
â2 Neo-developmentalism
â3 Political Economy of Developmental Regionalism
â4 Developmentalism in Crisis
â5 The Petista Order in South America
â6 Final Thoughts
â8 Chile and the Political Economy of the Real Neoliberalism
â1 Introduction
â2 Between the Popular Front and the Chilean Way to Socialism
â3 From Dictatorship to Protected Democracy
â4 Political Economy of the Concertación
â4.1Concertación in Power
â4.2Macroeconomics
â4.3Education
â4.4Labor Relations, Poverty and Debt
â4.5Pension Fund Administrators
â5 Crisis
â6 Final Thoughts
â9 Perversion and Trauma: Impasses of Contemporary Peruvian Politics
â1 Introduction
â2 New Left and United Left
â3 Alanism and United Left
â4 Sendero Luminoso
â5 Fujimori
â6 Fujimorista Legacy
â7 Final Thoughts
â10 War and Peace in Colombia in Historical Perspective
â1 Introduction
â2 Background
â3 Roots of Violence
â4 Insurgency and Counter-insurgency in the 1980s
â5 Neoliberalism and Parapolitics
â6 The War Party in Power
â7 Dilemmas of the Peace Process
â11 Where is the Cuban Revolution Going? Dilemmas of Primitive Socialism
â1 Introduction
â2 Revolution against Underdevelopment
â3 Reform or Update?
â4 Current Dilemmas
â5 Final Thoughts
âConclusion
â1 The Movement of History
â2 Regional Integration
â3 Nine Propositions
â3.1Integration is a Dimension of the Latin American Revolution
â3.2History Requires its Own Solutions to its Own Problems
â3.3Latin American Integration will be Against the Economy
â3.4Development must be Equal and Combined â with the People and the Planet
â3.5Progress is Walking with your Own Legs, with your Head Where your Feet Step
â3.6Values not only Opposed to, but Different from, those of Capitalism
â3.7Equality in the Workplace Against Capital
â3.8A Strong State that does not Eat Me
â3.9There is no Alternative to Popular Power
âBibliography
âIndex
All interested in Latin American history and politics, and anyone concerned with current trends in world politics.