1.1 Map of Asia Minor, Greece, and the Aegean during the Late Bronze Age 20
1.2 Aerial view of the mound of Troy 23
1.3 Plan of the Citadel Mound at Troy showing the nine phases of habitation 23
1.4 The fortification walls of Troy VI (fourteenth century BCE) 24
1.5 Reconstruction of the fortification walls of Troy VI (fourteenth century BCE) 27
1.6 The fortification ditches of Troy VI (fourteenth century BCE) and Troy VIIa (thirteenth century BCE) 27
1.7 Map of Anatolia with a reconstruction of the area under Phrygian control during the eighth century BCE 36
1.8 Plan of the Citadel Mound at Gordion showing the Early, Middle, and Late Phrygian phases of habitation. The Sakarya River appears in its current position at upper left. 37
1.9 The Early Phrygian Citadel Gate (ninth century BCE) 38
1.10 The Midas Monument at Midas City 42
1.11 Reconstruction of the proposed original appearance of the Midas Monument. Scale 1:200 42
1.12 Conjectural reconstruction of the megarons on Gordion’s citadel mound 43
2.1 Attic amphora, Athens, National Archaeological Museum 804, c.750 BCE 61
2.2 Attic krater, LG I, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 14.130.15, c.750 BCE 64
2.3 Fragment of Attic krater, Paris, Musée du Louvre A 519, beginning of the third quarter of the eighth century BCE 65
2.4 Amphora, LG II, Private Collection, Germany. After a photograph at the Munich Museum für Abgüsse klassischer Bildwerke, Photothek 69
2.5 Bronze statuette of an armorer, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund 42.11.42, c.700 BCE 75
3.1 Marble statue of Sardanapalus; Vatican City, Vatican Museums 2363; first century BCE or CE 83
3.2 Inscription on the marble statue of Sardanapalus; Vatican City, Vatican Museums 2363; first century BCE or CE 85
3.3 Marble statue of Dionysus-Sardanapalus; Rome, Capitoline Museums, Centrale Montemartini 3035; second century CE 86
3.4 Marble statue of Dionysus-Sardanapalus; Rome, Museo Nazionale, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme 108605; middle of the second century CE 87
3.5 Attic red-figure amphora with Dionysus; attributed to the Berlin Painter; from Vulci, Italy; Paris, Musée du Louvre CA2981, CA2984; c.490 BCE; H: 51.7 cm 89
3.6 Neo-Attic marble votive relief showing Dionysus; from Attica; Athens, National Archaeological Museum 3727; first century BCE 92
3.7 Neo-Attic marble altar with male god; Rome, Torlonia Collection; end of the first century BCE 93
3.8 Neo-Attic marble relief depicting Dionysus visiting a poet; Paris, Louvre Ma 1606; second century CE 94
3.9 Gypsum relief with banquet scene from Ashurbanipal’s North Palace at Nineveh; London, British Museum 124920; c.645–635 BCE 112
3.10 Detail from an alabaster relief with a hunting procession from Ashurbanipal’s North Palace at Nineveh; London, British Museum 124895; c.645–635 BCE 114
3.11 Ford Madox Brown (1821–1893), The Dream of Sardanapalus, 1871; watercolor and gouache on paper, 18 1/2 × 22 inches; frame: 28 × 31 3/4 inches; Delaware Art Museum, Samuel and Mary R. Bancroft Memorial, 1935 122
11.1 Roman miniature copy of Silanion’s original portrait statue of Corinna (c.320 BCE); original findspot unknown; marble; late second or third century CE; Compiègne, Musée Vivenel 311
14.1 Lovis Corinth, cover illustration for piano score of Richard Strauss’ Elektra (1909) 362
14.2 Pierre-Narcise Guérin, Clytemnestre, 1817; oil on canvas; Paris, Louvre Room 702 363
14.3 W. M. Thackeray, ‘Becky’s second appearance in the character of Clytemnestra’, Vanity Fair, chapter 67, 1847/8 375
14.4 Theodor van Thulden, Les Travaux d’Ulysse, plate 8, “The Murder of Agamemnon”, c.1603; Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum 376
14.5 Ibsen’s Selected Plays; Norton Critical Edition, 2003 377
14.6 Niccolò Monti, The Murder of Agamemnon by Clytemnestra (?) 379
18.1 Image from Luis Aragon, Le paysan de Paris (Paris: Gallimard, 1926), p. 111 466