Index Rerum
Absolute power, Absolutism
52, 56f, 59–62, 69, 74f, 89, 91, 100, 111, 115, 127, 171, 174, 180, 235, 302
Admiralty, admiral
7, 158, 246, 356
Akhlaq (Islamic Ethics)
272, 278f, 283, 288f, 302
Alliances
4f, 7, 9, 29, 69–72, 75, 77f, 92, 142, 152, 200, 202f, 223, 251, 253, 262f, 265f, 291, 304–308, 314, 319, 327, 332, 334, 337, 342, 344–348, 351, 355, 357–359, 371, 373, 387f, s. International treaties
Ambassador, embassy
7, 21, 23, 28, 73, 115f, 121, 150, 308, 310, 318–378
Arbitrator, arbitration
118, 171, 183, 263, 334, 341f, 347
Aristocracy
90, 93f, 96, 99, 104f, 111, 169, 173, 180, 186, 200, 275, 324, 332, 353, 360f, 375, 391, 393
Askeri (ruling elite)
274
Barter
214–237
Bellum publicum/privatum
11, 153, 358, 360
Body politic
90f, 103, 256, 258, 261, 279, 287, 358
Bureaucracy
6, 15, 21, 89, 89–92, 127, 186, 255, 257, 271–277, 291, 293f, 392, 394
Caliphates
Umayyad
273
Abbasid
274, 277
Canon Law
14, 45, 54, 94, 101, 112, 134, 139, 155, 193f, 199f, 202f, 206–209, 229, 251
Church
Anglican Church
1, 12, 364f
Catholic Church
4f, 9f, 12, 61, 68, 93, 98, 110–114, 117–120, 122–126, 198, 255, 264, 320, 360–364
Calvinist Churches
5, 16, 255
Eastern Churches
361–364
Lutheran Churches
5
Cities
Free imperial cities
4, 26
Port cities
155, 157, 356
Semi-free cities
4, 79, 143, 327
Territorial cities
4, 74f, 79, 83, 117–122, 137, 150, 244, 288, 392
Hanseatic cities
3, 80
Independent (sovereign) Republic
22f, 55, 57, 59f, 63, 73, 98, 116, 137, 278
Civilization, civilized peoples
303, 345–347, 353–355, 358
Civil law (ius civile)
11, 25, 42, 48, 58f, 61f, 95, 134, 142, 155f, 168, 172f, 176f, 178f, 181, 183, 200, 225, 227, 353, 378
Commerce, Trade
2, 4, 7f, 11f, 15, 21, 26, 83, 146, 153f, 156, 159, 171, 216f, 219, 222–233, 235f, 246, 251f, 263, 286, 292f, 300, 312f, 319, 327, 329, 332, 336, 342–347, 366, 378, 388f, 396
Commonwealth (e.g. State/Republic/Corporation/Dynastic body/Church)
1–3, 5, 14, 17, 88, 90, 103f, 167–190, 244, 246f, 249, 251, 257, 263f, 274, 365
Conquest
6f, 18f, 70, 84, 117f, 304, 355, 357
Constitution, Constitutionalism
9, 12, 14, 40, 42, 90f, 98, 176, 182, 187–189, 243, 248–252, 256, 259, 264, 266, 282, 286, 290, 301, 312, 315, 355
Contract, contractualism
Civil contracts
15, 25, 200, 205, 215, 222, 224f, 228f, 235, 237
Herrschaftsvertrag
72, 77, 174, 176–190, 353
Social Contract, Gesellschaftsvertrag
170, 173f, 177, 179, 181, 188, 228, 245
Coordination
1f
Corporations, Companies
British East India Company
6, 18f, 21–23, 26, 28, 247–251, 254, 273, 286, 291, 294, 299, 300, 303, 305–310, 312–314, 325, 389
Compagnie des Indes
7, 18
Dutch East India Company (VOC)
8, 11, 18, 228, 244
Hudson´s Bay Company
6, 248, 256
Massachusetts Bay Company
248, 250f, 257–265
North Borneo Company
252f
Ostende Company
344f
Sarkar-i kampani (Islamic territory under Company rule)
286, 294, 296, 307
Virginia Company
6, 247–251, 254, 256, 258f
Council, counciliarism
91, 92, 94, 99, 104f, 109, 155, 200
Criminal Law
25, 109, 134, 143, 145, 156, 162f, 182, 184, 325, 351–353, 378
Democracy
23, 104, 180, 187, 250
Illiberal Democracy
170
Premodern ´Democracy´
23, 90, 96, 169, 173, 186f, 248–250
Representative Democracy
180
Diplomacy
4, 16
Ceremonial Rules
20, 22, 319, 324, 330f, 336, 348–356, 366f, 373, 391
Education of Diplomats
19, 320–322
Negotiations
26, 68–79, 110, 123–125, 197, 204, 276, 289, 305, 308, 314–325, 328f, 331, 333–336, 340, 342f, 347–354, 357, 359, 364f, 367, 373, 377, 388, 394
Dominion
Despotical
173
Maritime
132, 138, 163
Paternal
173
Territorial
10, 18, 41, 50, 53, 55–58, 143, 226, 265f, 292, 311, 314, 326
Dominium eminens
63
Duration, Perpetuity
14, 71, 84, 89, 95, 193, 198, 257, 262, 313
Duty
112, 116, 126, 154, 159, 170, 181f, 184, 190, 208, 214–234, 313, 325, 334, 346, 351, 391
Dynasty
13, 17, 29, 274, 277, 278, 283, 287f, 291, 304, 306, 336, 360, 378, 389
Ecclesiastical vs. Secular power
1f, 10, 12f, 29, 47, 88–105, 109–114, 118f, 122, 127, 138, 278, 363, 365
Ecclesiastical Courts (Officialités)
192–194, 196, 209
Economy
2f, 6, 15, 26, 80, 134, 161–163, 200, 205f, 214, 218f, 222–224, 227f, 230–233, 237, 270f, 272, 275f, 291, 330, 377, 394
Emperor
1f, 7, 10, 19f, 26, 28, 43f, 47–49, 51–63, 138f, 142, 148, 157, 220, 265, 271f, 274–277, 280–292, 295, 300–302, 306, 320, 327f, 332f, 335–339, 342, 346, 355, 359, 366f, 376, 387–393, 395f
Empire(s)
6, 26, 197, 247
Ancient Roman Empire
1, 46
British Empire
19, 25, 28, 161, 299–301, 304, 307, 312f, 315
Dutch Colonial Empire
7f, 11, 18f, 23, 163, 228, 244, 246f, 263, 279, 343f
French Trading Empire
19, 163
Medieval and Early Modern Holy Roman Empire
1–3, 5, 39, 80, 82, 146, 265, 306
Mughal Empire
6, 29, 270, 277, 286, 290, 295, 299, 301, 304
North African Berber Empires
17
Ottoman Empire
2, 274f, 291, 318–378
Portuguese Empire
6, 11
Spanish Empire
11, 68–72, 75, 77, 79, 163
Timurid Empire
274
Épreuve de congrès
14, 192–210
Equality
1f, 6, 20, 23, 28, 40–43, 146, 150, 153, 157, 176, 183, 226, 231f, 234–236, 256, 261, 279–281, 302, 329, 335f, 342, 387f
European State System, International system, State relationships
Dependency
1, 5, 9, 13, 23, 25, 28, 73, 92, 96, 104, 112, 116, 122, 153, 244, 255, 264–266, 275, 279, 281, 282, 294f, 300, 311, 313, 319f, 326, 332, 335, 344, 353, 355–359, 364, 371, 389f
Eastern Extension
318–386
Equality/Equalizing
335f, 342, 346, 350, 359, 363, 365, 370f s. also Equality
Global
10, 12, 17, 20, 23, 30, 44, 52f, 60, 142, 148, 172f, 187, 288, 300, 322, 342, 354, 356, 370
Hegemony
333, 342
Neutrality
16, 320, 334f
Superiority/Inferiority
9, 17, 108, 117, 119–127, 143, 389
Western
4, 6, 9, 15, 21–23, 318–386
Estates, Diets of estates, nobles, sub-royal/imperal officers
Bey
343, 347–354
Daimyo
389f, 394
Nawab
7, 21, 26, 28f, 280, 292–315
Timar holder
275
Zamindār
21–23, 26
Excommunication, Interdict, censure
95, 109–111, 123f, 378
Factories/feitorias
5f, 326, 364
Family-State/Marital Law Compact
199f, 202, 206, 344
Feudal Law, Feudal Order
5, 23f, 119, 122, 127, 144f, 156–158, 244, 254, 263–265, 352f
General Courts of the Early American Colonies
251, 254, 260–263
Gift
44, 132, 216f, 229–231, 235, 288, 330, 394
Government
6, 12, 16, 27, 30, 39, 69, 76, 84, 88–105, 108, 118, 177, 182, 185f, 189f, 199, 203, 250–253, 256, 258–262, 279, 290, 300–303, 306, 309f, 328, 343, 355, 392f, 397
Governmental Contract
185
Greatness, grandezza
10, 153, 184, 246f, 249, 252
Household (Islamic, Persianate)
14, 27, 196, 198, 200f, 203–205, 270, 272, 273, 276f, 280f, 291
Khana
275f, 292
Manzil
279, 288f
Sarkar
276f, 279f, 282, 285f, 294, 296
Humanity
15, 214–237, 346, 361
Immunity, Diplomatic, Ecclesiastical
16, 112
Indirect rule
6, 26
International Law (ius gentium)
19, 23, 25, 30, 63, 133f, 163, 188, 216, 318–376
Interventions, Interventionism
71, 74f, 81–83, 112, 120f, 123, 187, 237, 295, 310, 314f, 394
Islam
6f, 10, 17, 23f, 178, 271, 273f, 282, 289, 274, 278, 307, 318, 320, 328, 330, 334, 340, 357–365, 373
Islamic Law
270, 276, 278, 281f, 353–358
Ius commune
131–166, 214–242
Ius publicum, Public law
5, 9, 42, 46, 51, 63, 113, 142, 188, 222, 226, 330, 353, 373
Jagir (revenue assignment for offices)
271, 275, 280, 286
Jurisdiction
3, 8, 12, 14f, 18, 25, 29, 46f, 49f, 53, 58, 89, 94f, 102, 112, 114, 117–119, 121, 123f, 126f, 132, 134f, 138, 140–163, 192f, 196f, 199–203, 205f, 209, 244, 254–263, 289, 325
Jurisprudence
Ancient Roman
137–141, 226f
Islamic
281f, 351, 356f s. also Islamic ethics (akhlaq)
Medieval Civil
10, 39–64, 1
Medieval Canon
14, 39–64
Law of expulsion (law of xenelasía)
154
Laws
14, 24, 41, 43f, 48, 53–55, 61, 63, 72, 90, 95, 105, 109f, 112–114, 118, 125f, 127, 147, 149, 153, 157, 169–190, 192–194, 197f, 201–206, 215–218, 221–235, 243–245, 247, 250–258, 261–263, 276, 334, 372f
Leagues, Confederations
Bohemian League
5
Catholic League
4
Hanseatic League
3f, 80
Protestant Union
4
Schmalkaldic Legue
4, 26
Swabian League
4
Swiss cantons (Eidgenossen)
5, 22, 327
Union of Utrecht
5, 68
Legal Theory
4, 24, 136, 149, 178, 182f, 185, 188
Legal Transplants
24f, 372
Liberty, liberties (s. also privileges)
11, 16, 69, 85, 109, 112f, 134f, 138–140, 151–153, 162, 176f, 216, 237, 246, 258, 261
Lord of the World (dominus mundi)
10, 44, 52, 60, 142, 148
Male/Female
14
Marriage, Marital Law/Divorce
14f, 192–210
Civil union
206
Marital Church Law
193f, 199f, 202f, 206f, 209
Medieval/Modern
4, 151, 342
Merum (and mixtum) imperium
5, 95, 245, 263
Mission, Missionary doctrine
320, 324–326, 361–363, 376, 389
Monarchomachs
12, 15f, 221f, 353
Monarchy (quasi-Monarchical rule)
Absolute/non-absolute
77, 99, 186f, 278
Despotical, Despotism
173, 188, 271, 275, 284, 295
Elective
9, 12, 69, 81, 82–85, 109, 155, 336
Hereditary
12, 82, 275
Padshahi
277–279, 288
Saltanat / Sultanat
274, 278, 288f
Vice-kingdoms
6
Money, Circulation of
15, 214–237, 247, 251f
Morality, Ethics
13, 15, 97, 173, 179, 214, 217, 229, 231, 236, 270, 273, 278, 287, 294
Musadara (confiscation)
273f
Muslim Political Thought
24, 270–296, 289, 372
Mutaliba (post-mortem imperial financial claim)
276, 280–282, 285
Natural law (ius naturale, naturae)
11f, 19, 42f, 48, 61, 90, 113, 142, 180, 231f, 245, 249f, 254f, 333, 344–246, 361
Neutrality
16, 116, 320, 334
Neutralization
13
Non-State Actors
3–8, 243–267
Obligations
Barter (permutatio)
224, 227, 229, 231
Commodatum
224
Deposit (deposit)
224
Gift (donatio)
11, 113, 117, 229, 235
Guardianship (tutela)
222
Hire (locatio conductio)
222, 224, 229
Mandate (mandatum)
222, 224
Nexum
224
Obligatio naturalis
227
Partnership (societas)
222
Sale (emptio)
222, 224, 229
Society (societas)
224
Stipulatio (verbal, nuda)
224
Suretyship
236
Trust (fiducia)
222
Pain of lèse-majesté, poena and crimen laesae maiestatis
119, 124, 143, 388
Painting, painter, representation of sovereignty
302, 306, 308, 324, 366, 375
Parlement (of Paris, of Aix-en-Provence)
14, 96, 102f, 193, 195, 197, 202, 205–209, 253, 263, 325, 376
Peace
18f, 57, 79, 102, 141f, 152, 159, 171f, 180, 185, 196, 247, 251, 257, 263, 284, 305, 319, 322f, 325, 332, 334–336, 343f, 347f, 351–353, 355, 357f, 367, 373, 391, 393
Piracy
149, 156f, 159, 318, 320, 343, 345–347, 353f, 358–360
Plenitudo potestatis
47, 52f, 61, 255
Political language
5, 7, 9, 18, 24–26, 84, 320, 333
Political Theology
1f, 187f
Politiques
13, 16, 89, 100, 356
Potestas absoluta, summa potestas, maiestas
52, 56
Potestas indirecta (and directa)
12
Power
Coercive
155f, 171, 179, 184f, 204
Judicial
183, 188
Executive
29, 92, 99, 105, 169, 187–189, 333
Price
Common Price (Value)
233
Eminent Price
233
Prize Law, Booty
157, 246, 344
Privileges
4, 6f, 26, 51, 53, 57, 59, 67, 70, 72, 77–79, 112, 138–141, 145, 147, 149, 156f, 229, 258f, 310
Property, Private Property
30, 43–64, 110, 113, 115, 119, 134–136, 140–144, 146–148, 152f, 158, 160, 162f, 185, 189, 200f, 208, 216, 221, 228–230, 270–296, 313, 333
Proportionality
182, 184, 330
Protection
9, 184f, 190, 263, 296, 304, 309f, 314, 346, 357, 361–363, 366, 375
Public or Common utility, public good, commonwealth (utilitas publica, communis)
14, 17, 42, 51, 62f, 88, 90, 103f, 112f, 115, 138, 152, 157, 179, 204, 232, 249, 254, 310 s. also, differently, Commonwealth as state
Purchase
7, 25, 45, 225–227, 236, 246, 263, 265, 339, 375
Reality, Factuality
2, 4, 6, 79, 98, 160, 197, 203f, 264, 272, 294, 320, 336, 347, 373f
Reason of State
16, 111, 127
Reaya (subjected population)
274
Regalia
19, 150, 156f
Religion, theology
13, 41, 47, 88f, 91–94, 96f, 101f, 104f, 187f, 199, 254f, 353, 356, 375
Repentance, Penitence
348–353
Representation
4, 6f, 15f, 20–23, 25f, 28f, 70, 83, 85, 115, 120, 167–169, 180f, 214, 220, 226, 244, 249, 253–255, 262, 276, 308, 311, 313f, 320, 323, 326f, 329f, 335f, 338, 354, 364, 365, 367, 371f, 397
Republicanism
15f, 85, 98, 110f
Revolt, Rebellion
8, 16, 67–69, 71f, 81f, 84f, 162, 175, 177, 181, 184, 196, 207, 210, 254, 301, 352f, 362f, 367, 392, 397
Rhetorics of Power and Sovereignty
73, 80, 85, 136, 141f, 204, 254, 270, 272, 276, 292, 322, 325, 376, 389
Right of/to wage war (ius ad bellum)
4, 18f, 79, 141, 153, 196, 243, 251–253, 340, 358
Riyasat (Rulership)
273, 281, 288–292, 294f
Roman Law s. also Obligations
Dominium s. dominion
Occupatio
7, 11f, 29, 134–136, 141, 147, 149, 151, 154, 156, 159–163, 229, 249, 265, 310, 367
Praescriptio
11, 61
Res communis
11, 131, 134f, 146f
Res nullius
11f, 135, 146f
Usufructio
152, 186, 221
Royal Commission for Regulating Plantations
259
Sabinians vs. Proculians
226
Schism
320, 359–361, 363
Scholasticism, neo-scholasticism
92, 97, 104
Siyasat (Discipline)
279
Sovereignty
Cyber
3
Divisibility/Indivisibility
3, 10, 12, 29, 69, 85, 90, 108, 126f, 198, 255, 301
Doing/Performing of
6, 16, 73, 79f, 84, 192, 197f, 207–210, 270–296, 302f, 318
Dual
2, 7f
Dynastic (dawla, daulat, mulk)
17, 278, 292, 302
Economic
6, 15, 26, 162, 216–223, 230f, 237, 394
Energy
3
Environmental
3, 24, 26
External/Internal
16f, 19, 26, 101
Food
3
Gender
14, 196, 198f, 201, 203, 205, 207, 273, 278
Maritime, of the Sea
15, 131–163, 337
Marks of (marques de la)
19, 27, 217, 253, 290, 323
Merchant-sovereign / sovereign merchant
300, 312
Pooled
4
Popular
16, 23, 69, 222, 302, 314
Shared
4f, 16, 26, 30f, 40f, 85, 274
Space
3, 6, 29f, 73, 141, 143, 156, 158, 160, 266, 290, 303f, 307
Sovereignization (kunshuka)
389
Spiritual, ecclesiastical, unpolitical rule
205f, 363
Khilafat
274
Pope, papacy
14, 54, 92f, 101f, 113f, 116
Tennō
389–391
Stamp Act
300
State, Statehood
1–6, 9, 11f, 17, 20f, 22f, 25, 29f, 46, 52, 55, 63, 68, 88–96, 99, 101, 104f, 109, 111, 115–118, 127, 132, 146, 149–154, 158–160, 163, 168–174, 176, 185–190, 196–201, 204–208, 216, 221, 229f, 232, 235–237, 243–266, 270–274, 276, 278f, 281, 284–286, 292, 294f, 299, 301–307, 309–314, 318–327, 330f, 333, 335, 338, 342, 344, 346, 351, 353f, 355, 357, 359f, 365, 367, 370–374, 389, 397
Styles of Commerce
Doux commerce
216, 223
Free Trade
2, 223, 343, 346
Mercantilism
2, 223, 292
Subordination
1f, 28, 116, 144, 183f, 255, 262f, 279f, 285, 288–292, 294f, 388, 390, 392
Superiority, inferiority (superioritas, inferioritas)
9, 17, 117, 119–127, 143, 389
Tacitism
115
Taxation, Fiscality
4, 15, 17, 19, 30, 70, 79f, 126, 141, 149, 151, 156f, 159, 222, 251f, 260, 274, 281, 285, 293f, 363, 395
Ten Commandments
180
Thomism
14
Timar (Ottoman revenue assignment for military service)
275
Titles, imperial and royal
Czar
328, 332, 337f, 341, 363, 370
Imperator vserossiiskii
336
Kut
278
Kōgi
389
Majesty
72, 75–79, 82f, 84, 96, 114, 143, 252, 259f, 306, 309, 311, 314, 339f, 350
Padişa
306f, 337, 339, 359, 367–369
Sultan, saltan
20, 252, 274f, 278, 289, 324, 330, 332, 337, 339f, 343f, 354, 356–371
Taikun
388
Tennō
389, 395
Toba ystigfar (Tawba istighfār)
348–353
Translation
5, 19, 21–29, 44, 58, 89, 94, 97f, 103, 138, 156, 233, 247, 287, 305–308, 310, 322, 326, 328, 335, 338, 342f, 348, 353, 362, 392
Untranslatability
365–374
Translatability
352f, 365–374
Treaties, International
7, 347, 359
Treatises on Diplomacy
320, 323, 325, 326, 337, 365
Treaty of Westphalia
1648 5, 331, 335, 266, 363
Uighurs
2
Utilitarian, Utilitarianism
185
Ultimate Rule
1, 3, 17, 29
Wealth
152, 161, 200, 246f, 274, 276f, 280, 283f, 287, 291–295, 300, 302
Wreckage
216
Zabt (Seize of Property)
10, 27, 270–296