Index of Names and Subjects
Abrocomas
30–33
Abuqir
130n38
accounts
73
acculturation
202
Achaemenes son of Darius
29
Achaemenid history, new
2
Achaemenids
49, 50, 65, 71, 78
communications system
8
empire
81, 84
postal service
8
roads
8
rule
7, 79, 88, 103
Achoris (Hakor)
33n27, 139
Acre
35, 42
administration
11, 13, 21, 46
Adoption stele of Nitokris
186
Aegean
12, 27, 85
Agathocles, king of Sicily
14n32
Agathocles, son of King Lysimachus
14n32
Agesilaus
92
Agilkia
142
agriculture
46
Ain Shams
134
Akhmin
12
alabastron
225, 227–229
Alcetas
41
Alexander III the Great
viii, 1, 4, 6–12, 14–16, 18, 22, 28, 30, 39, 49, 52, 53, 55–57, 81, 100, 101, 103, 104, 121, 122, 124, 135, 167, 176
capture of Tyre
4
conquest of Egypt
2
corpse of
10, 39
cult of
10
death of
1, 73
empire of
71
hearse of
10
mausoleum of
10
ring of
1, 40
Alexander IV
4, 9, 14, 56–58, 121, 124, 125, 146, 150, 151, 166, 168, 183, 191, 194
Alexander V of Macedon
14n32
Alexander-Romance
145
Alexandria
1, 3, 4, 5, 9–11, 13, 15n34, 17–20, 22, 38, 43, 47, 53, 54, 57, 65, 83, 104, 105, 109, 130n38, 131, 133, 134, 145–153, 199–234
Library
1, 17, 22
Museum
17, 22
Temples
38
alum
77
Amada stele
179
Amasis II (= Ahmose II)
17
ambulatories
141
Amduat
177
Amenemhet
191
Amenhotep II
179–181
Amenhotep III
18, 126, 180, 181, 185, 195
Amenhotep, high priest of Amun
182n106
Ameny
191
Amphipolis
51
Ammon
18, 145, 146
amphorae
204, 212, 213, 224, 226
Amun (equivalent in interpretatio Graeca to Ammon)
11, 18, 74, 75, 106, 132, 135, 137, 139, 145, 146, 167, 181, 182, 185–187, 193
Amun-Re
146, 185
Amyrtaeus (Amenirdisu)
28, 124n14
anatomy
1
Anemhor II, high priest of Ptah
62n53
Anglo-Dutch wars
27
animal cult
135, 151
Antigonia on the Orontes
42
Antigonid kingdom/empire
2, 56
Antigonids
22
Antigonus I Monophthalmus
13, 14, 41, 42, 57
Antigonus II Gonatas
51
Antigonus III Doson
57
Antioch
42, 52
Antiochus I Soter
52
Antiochus III the Great
52
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
9, 40n66
Antipater
41
Antony (Marcus Antonius)
1
Anu
39
Anubis
19
Apis
9, 10, 18, 19, 38
bull
10
apomoira
106
aposkeuai (= goods, possessions of soldiers)
16
Arab el-Hisn
134
Arabia
8n6, 10
arable land
77
Arab rule in Egypt
72
Arabs
21
Aramaeans
140
Aramaic
7, 8, 20
dates
57
archive, the
1
architecture
burial
214
funerary
206
Hellenistic
123
subterranean
214
Argos
200n6
Ariobarzanes
35
Aristazanes
37
Armant
135
army
64, 73, 154, 179
Arrian
11
Arsacids
52
Arsinoe II Philadelphus, daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenice I
14n32, 64, 106, 143n93
Aspendus
200n6
Artaxerxes II Mnemon
2, 3, 28–31, 33–36
Artaxerxes III Ochus
viii, 2, 3, 18, 29–32, 34–37, 100, 101, 103, 121
“Artaxerxes pharaoh”
101
Ashmunein
19
see also Hermopolis Magna
Asia Minor
81, 85, 94
Asiatics
167, 176, 181, 191, 194
assemblages
burial
211, 214
grave
205, 207, 211
tomb
205–207, 209
Aswan see Syene
Athena
84, 87, 94, 97, 98
Athens, Athenians
16, 18, 30, 32, 36, 48, 49, 90, 200n6
Athenian agora
85
Athenian empire
79
athletes
38
Athribis
82, 87, 156
see also Tell el-Athrib
Attica
200n6
Attic standard
94, 95
Atum
182
Austria
86
Ayn Manawir
74
Baal
169, 172, 184
Babylon, Babylonia
5, 10, 27, 29, 39, 40
Babylonian talents
79
Bactria
27, 28, 50
Bagoas
37
balance scales
98
barbarians
30, 36
Barca
29
Bardiya
28
barque chapel
18
barque stations
138
Bastet
128, 129, 168
Behbeit el-Hagar
125–128, 141, 143, 149
temple of Isis and family of Osiris
126, 141, 143
Behedety
180
benefactions
166, 167n3, 186, 187, 192
Beniout
20
Beni Hasan
81, 82
Berenice I, second wife of Ptolemy I Soter
13n26, 14n32
Berenice II, wife of Ptolemy III Euergetes
173, 187
Beroia
57
Bessus
28
Beth Shan stele
172
bilingual decrees
133
birth houses
139, 140, 144, 155, 179
body treatment
209
Boeotia
16
Boeotian vessels
204
bones
222, 229
“book of designing a temple”
153
“Book of the Temple”
153
Bosporus
80, 85
bottomry agreement
85
bronze
70, 71, 97–99, 104, 106, 108, 109, 209n38, 222–229
Bubastis
128, 130, 131n42
Bucheum
61n50, 135
Buchis bull
61n50, 135
Buchis stele
135n59
bullion
70, 77, 78, 80, 81, 86, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 102–109
bureaucracy
46, 50, 53, 58, 65
burial
mixed-age
207
practice
212
ritual
202
royal
218
Buto
11, 19, 124, 147, 148, 155, 166–168, 184, 186, 192, 193n161, 194
Byzantine rule in Egypt
72
Caesar (Caius Julius Caesar)
1
Cairo
131n42, 134, 147
calendars
3
Babylonian
3, 47–49, 54
Egyptian
3, 46
Greek
48
Hyksos
47
Macedonian
47
Olympian
51
Zoroastrian
47
Callippus
50
Callisthenes
50
Cambyses
vii, 5, 17, 18, 79
Canopus decree
130, 155
capitals
composite
142, 143
floral
142
Caria
200n6
Carnarvon tablet
190
cartonnage
21
cartouches
121, 128n28, 144, 149n114, 155n124, 167, 194
Caspian Gates
16
Cassander
14, 40, 43, 51, 57
Cassandreia
51
cattle counts
46
ceilings
123
cemeteries
4, 127, 151, 201, 204–208, 210–215, 217, 221
census
22
Chababash see Khababash
Chabrias
92
Chalcis
200n6
chamber tombs
215
chapels
18, 19, 127, 141, 149–152, 156, 181n105
Chian standard
94
“chief” (wr)
168, 184
Chiotes
8
Cilicia
22, 34, 36
clay-ground vessels
209, 210
Cleomenes of Naukratis, satrap (?) of Egypt
8, 38, 39, 85, 103, 104
Cleopatra VII
1, 173
cleruchic settlement
16
closed currency system
105
codification of knowledge
154
coffins
210, 228
coins, coinage
3, 7, 14–17, 21, 22, 28, 51n25, 57, 59n48, 70–119, 212, 223
Croeseid
28
Pharaonic
95
Ptolemaic
14
colonization
5
colonnaded courts
153
columned halls
127
Constantinus Cephalas
34
Constantius II
135n59
consumers
73
consumption
71
“controller of armies”
174
Copais, Lake
16
copper
vii, 12, 76, 80
coregency
54, 59–62, 64–66
Corinth
200n6
corn
12
Cornelius Gallus
168
Cos
20
cosmic cycle
124
cosmology
123
cosmos
122, 123
cotton
108
courtiers
43
creation
123
creator gods
124
cremation
4, 199–234
Crete
200n6, 209
crocodiles
2, 9
cultivators
74
cult topography
154
cultural mingling
199
cultural renaissance
120
cultural separation
199
Cunaxa
27, 29, 30
Cuneiform dates
57
cups
225, 227
Cusae (= el-Quseia)
149
temple of Hathor
149
customs
duties
77, 132
officials
78
Cyprus
12, 16, 36, 37, 41, 42
Cyrenaica, Cyrene
13, 14, 20, 29, 200n6
Cyrus I
28
Cyrus the Younger
28, 30, 35
daily cults
154
Damanhur
83, 104
Dapur
174
daric
95
Darius I
17, 75, 97, 139, 172, 188
Darius II
28, 140
Darius III
28, 101
Datames
31, 35, 36n39
datasets
221
deben
80, 86, 94, 103, 105, 108, 109
Deir-el-Medina
80
Deir Rifeh
171
Delphi
35
Demeter
18
Demetria of Cos
20
Demetrias
51
Demetrius I Poliorcetes
12–14, 42, 43, 48, 51, 57
Demetrius of Phaleron
17
Demosthenes
32
demotic writing system
155
Dendera
139, 155, 156, 173
diadochoi see successors
die links
59n48, 87, 88
die studies
88
dies
89, 90, 92, 93, 96, 102
cube die
87, 90, 93
Diocletian
135n59
Dionysius I of Syracuse
95, 97
Dionysodorus
85
dishes
212, 225, 227, 229
disks
132, 134, 212, 222
Djedkhonsiuefankh
171
Djehuty
128n28
Djoser
46
pyramid
152
dokimastai
85
Doloaspis
38, 103
Domitian
127, 173, 179
double dates
47, 53–55
do ut des
149
drachms
89, 98
drinking vessels
212, 223–225, 227
dromos
127
ducks
229
dynasties
Third
152
Fourth
168
Twelfth
175
Fifteenth
3
Seventeenth
149n116
Eighteenth
126, 146, 180
Nineteenth
146, 190
Twentieth
191
Twenty-first
186, 188
Twenty-second
124n14, 129, 171, 189n142
Twenty-third
124n14
Twenty-fifth
126, 185, 186, 188
Twenty-sixth
vii, 7, 124, 125, 128, 131, 140, 172, 186, 188
Twenty-seventh
2, 4, 7, 188
Twenty-eighth
3, 5, 28, 34, 120, 121, 124–126
Twenty-ninth
5, 120, 121, 124, 125, 139, 150, 155
Thirtieth
3–5, 7, 34, 120–122, 124, 125, 127, 129, 131–135, 137–139, 141–144, 149, 150, 153–155, 172, 187, 190
eagle
97
Ptolemaic
14, 42
earthquakes
122
East Silsileh
185
Ecbatana
52n28
economic prosperity
15
Edfu
107, 123n10, 137, 142, 149, 152, 153, 155, 156, 173, 177n72, 178n79, 179–182, 186, 187n139
birth house
179
temple of Horus
152
Edjo, land of
192
Egypt, Egyptians
passim
Egyptian empire
122
Egyptianization
202
Eirene, daughter of Ptolemy I and Thais
14n32
el-Arish
130n38
“Eldorado on the Nile”
27
Elephantine
8, 20, 29, 49, 140
temple of Khnum
79, 140–142, 147
temple of Satet
140n77
temple of Yahweh
140
elephants
9
Eleusis (Alexandrian)
18
Elite
976, 168n9
Egyptian
19, 75, 97, 124, 145, 155
el-Kab
134, 137–139
embalmers
10
emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum)
73
enclosure walls
137–139, 143, 153–155
Eordea
8
Epaminondas
30
Ephemerides
50
Epithets
143n93, 166–169, 171, 173–175, 177–181, 188, 191n154, 192
equestrian
38
equinox
autumn
65
vernal
49
era
52
Seleucid
56
Eratosthenes
1
Ethiopia
31
ethnic identities
199, 201, 202
ethnic origin
200n5
ethnic separation
199
Euclid
1
Eumenes
41
Eunostus, king of Soli (Cyprus)
14n32
eunuchs
29
Europe
86
Eurydice, first wife of Ptolemy I Soter
14n32
exchange
71
exports
77
Fayum
16, 53, 81, 82, 87, 88
hoard
107
festivals
123
fiduciary coinage
104, 108
Fifteenth Upper Egyptian nome
150
figurines
211, 212, 223, 225, 226, 229
Tanagra
212
fineness (of silver)
79, 84–86
First Cataract region
121
fish
29
flax
77
floral helmet element
90
folded flans
90
Fort of Camels
40
fossa tombs
214, 215, 217, 221–229
fractional issues
97–99, 103
Freud, Sigmund
19
friends (= Hellenistic courtiers)
6, 39, 42
funerary
behaviour
202, 205
beliefs
219
chapels
150
monuments
214
obligations
216
practices
204
vocabulary
215
Gabbari
203n13
Gabiene
41
Galatians
217
galena
90
games
9, 38
musical contests
9, 38
garbage dumps
134
garlands
222, 226, 228
Gaza
42
Strip
12
gazelles
98
Gebel Barkal stele
178
Gela
20
generals
6, 10, 32, 36, 92, 121
Giza
83
goats
98
gold
28, 39, 70, 76, 77, 82n50, 86n68, 90, 94–99, 225–229
goods and services
74, 76
Graeco-Egyptian style
221
Graeco-Roman period
123, 140n77, 141, 142, 154, 155, 175, 178
grain
29, 70, 72–76, 80, 81, 84, 85, 93, 108, 111, 225
Granicus river, battle of
49
grave goods
205, 211, 217
graves
203, 205–207, 210–212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 220–229
“great chief”
167, 168, 185, 192, 194
Great King (= king of Persia)
29n17, 79, 90, 102
“great ruler of Egypt”
193
Greece/ European Greece
29, 30, 33, 81
Greek
art
203
cities
70
gods
132
“Greek millennium” in Egypt
27
Greekness
12
Greeks
10, 15, 19, 21, 29n12, 36, 37, 39, 54, 61, 79, 83, 91, 92, 97, 131n43, 133, 147, 200n7
Gresham’s Law
106
Hacksilber
80, 83, 86, 93, 94, 99, 106
Hadra
207, 210n42, 211n48, 212, 215n54, 218n63, 221
vases
4, 203, 204, 209, 210, 212, 213, 215, 217, 220, 222
Hapi-Djefai
171
Harmodios and Aristogeiton
12
Harpara
139
Harsiese
151
harvest tax
74
Hathor
143, 149
Hatshepsut
169
hegemony
30
Heliopolis
134, 135, 137
Hellenistic
architecture
123
period
124
states
120
Hellenization
202
Hellenizing style
151
Hent
39
Hephaistos
11
Heracleia
200n6
Herakleides of Temnos
20
Heracleion
vii, 90, 102, 131–133
Hermopolis Magna (Khemenu)
146, 149, 150
temple of Nehemet-Away
150
temple of Thoth
150
see also Ashmunein
Hermopolis Parva
temple of Thoth
128n28
Herodas of Syracuse
31
Herodotus
vii, 11, 29, 79, 128
Heroonpolis
8n6
Herophilus
1
hieroglyphic writing system
154, 155
“High sand of Heliopolis”
134
Hindu Kush
27
his majesty (ḥm=f)
vii, 39, 167, 169, 170, 174, 180, 185, 192–194
Hittites
167, 172
marriage stele
172
Holy Land
43
horses
95–97
Horus
180–182, 186, 193, 194
hulled barley (hordeum vulgare)
73
hydriae
204n16, 209, 213, 227
Hyksos
3, 47, 65
hypogeum tombs
206, 213–217, 221
Ibiotapheion
151
ibises
151
identity
166n1, 183n117, 192, 219, 221
cultural
205
Egyptian elite
155, 200n3
ethnic
201, 202
Greek or Macedonian
5, 205, 219
immigrant
205
non-Egyptian
205
non-indigenous
5, 220
social and individual
202–204, 218
Idumea
55
Imhotep
152, 153
imitation
3, 70, 71, 76, 80–82, 84–92, 100, 102–104, 109
immigrants
17, 19, 21, 107, 199, 200, 204n17, 205, 219–221
imports
77, 83–86, 90, 132, 210, 213
India
86
industry
210
infantry
171
infrastructure
73
inhumation
206, 207, 209–212, 214–218, 220–228
Inka empire
75
innovation
7, 14, 22, 55–57, 138
institutional memory
4, 167, 189, 190
intercalation
49–52
biennial
54–56, 65
Ionia
36, 200n6
see also stater of Ionia
Iphicrates
31, 34, 35
Ipsus
27, 43
irrigation
15
Iseum see Behbeit-el-Hagar
Isis
4, 9, 19, 38, 127, 142, 143, 151, 173, 194
Lady of Yat-Wadjat
9n13
Isocrates
30, 32, 33
Issus
103
jars
32, 221, 225
Jews
8, 21, 29, 73n10, 200
Joppa
42
Judith and Holophernes
36
Kadesh
battle of
170, 174, 190, 191
Poem of the battle of
174
kalpis
222, 226
Kamose
190
Kanais (= Redesiyeh)
180
kantharoi
223, 224
Karanis
81, 87
Karnak
134, 135, 137, 172, 181, 182, 184
barque-sanctuary of Philip Arrhidaeus
146
first pylon
135
hypostyle hall
180
processional way Karnak-Luxor
135
temple of Amun
106, 107, 137, 139
temple of Khons
186
temple of Mont
179, 183
Khababash
32, 37, 100, 103, 148, 186, 192, 193, 194n168
Khirbet-el-Kôm
55
Khnum
172
Khons
187
kingship
4, 57, 122, 123, 133, 146, 147, 166, 187, 193, 194
King’s Peace
33
kiosks
143, 144, 153
kite
62, 63, 86, 98
knives
212, 222
Kom Ombo
156
Königsnovelle
184, 185
kothon
223
Lachares
48n16
Lacrates of Thebes
36
lacrimatoi
227
lamps
212, 225, 227, 228
land
leases
73, 74, 78
survey
22
Laomedon of Mitylene
41
Late Egyptian Miscellanies
190
Late Period
73, 93, 135, 140, 153, 172, 176, 188
Laureion
89, 90
Law of Nicophon
85
legitimation (of power, kingship, etc.)
65, 124, 131, 133, 139, 143n93, 145
letters
73
Leuctra
30, 36
Levant
77, 78, 81, 85
Lex Acilia
66
libation vessels
212, 224, 227
Libya, Libyans
10, 29, 170
war
170n18, 170n19
“life, prosperity, health”
101, 185
lime
122
linen
77, 107, 108
loan agreements
78
loans
80
loculus
214, 215
Lower Egypt
185
Twelfth nome
125
Fifteenth nome
128n28
lunettes
132, 167
Luxor
18, 107, 135, 180
barque-sanctuary of Amun
146
processional way Karnak-Luxor
135
sacred avenue Luxor-Thebes
137
Lycia
22
Lydia
27, 28, 36
Lysandra, daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenice I
14n32
Lysimachus, king of Macedon and Thrace
14n32, 43, 57
maat
75, 123, 124
Macedon, Macedonians
passim
Macedonian period
125
Magas
13
Magna Graecia
84
Magnesia
200n6
mammisis, see birth houses
Manara cemetery
205n19
Mandrocles of Magnesia
35
Manetho of Sebennytus, priest of Heliopolis
2, 17, 18, 47, 71
Mantinea
30, 36
Maria Theresa thaler
86
market system
72, 75
markets
27
marriage contracts
7, 20, 78, 80, 103
Masistes
28
Matariya
134
Mazaces
3, 99–103
material culture
202
Medinet Habu
170, 174, 177, 178, 180, 184
Mediterranean
11, 77, 122
trade
108
World
87
Memphis
vii, 3, 8–11, 16, 18, 19n50, 20, 29, 38, 40, 78, 82, 83, 89, 104, 145, 152, 153
temple of Apis
89
temple of Ptah
78
White Wall
29
Memphite area
152
Mendes stele
180
Menelaus, brother of Ptolemy I Soter
13, 16
Mentor of Rhodes
37
Mentuhotep
175
mercenaries
6, 32, 34n31, 35, 36, 73n10, 91, 92, 96, 220
Merenptah
190
Mersa Matruh
13
Mesopotamia
103
Meshwesh, see Libyans
Metonic cycle
50
Meydancıkkale hoard
59n48
microcosm
123
Middle Egypt
150, 151
Middle Kingdom
168, 171, 174, 178, 182, 188, 189, 193
migration
5
Miletus
200n6
mints
91, 94, 102–106
mirrors
212, 222, 227
Mit Ghamr
128n28
Moeris, Lake
29
monarchy, personal
13
monetization
22, 70–119
money
70–119
moneyers
91
itinerant
92, 102
month names
Addaru II
52n29
Aiaru
55
Akhet
147
Anthesterion
48
Arahsammu
52
Artemisios
49, 52n28, 61
Boedromion
48
Daisios
49, 52n29, 54
Dios
52, 54, 56
Dystros
52n28, 54, 59, 60, 65
Epeiph
55, 62
Hekatombaion
48
Hyperberetaios
55
Loios
52n29
Mecheir
58
Mounichion
48
Ololos
51n25
Panemos
52n28, 55, 56
Phamenoth
47, 62
Pharmouthi
62n53
Tammuz
55
Tashritu
52
Thoth
46, 61, 65
Tybi
58n46, 61
Montu
135, 170, 179, 180, 183, 186
mortuary
logic
211
practices
202
receptacles
210
mud-brick walls
134
mummification
18, 207, 220
mutiny
92
Mysteries, Eleusinian
48
mythology
154
nails
8, 223, 224, 228
naoi
125, 129–131, 141, 153
monolithic
131
natron
77, 108
Naucratis
vii, 38, 82, 97, 131–133, 149
stele, see Nectanebo decree
Naxos (Sicilian)
88
Near Eastern world
87
Nectanebo I (Nekhetnebef)
vii, 4, 7, 19, 78, 120, 121, 128, 130–135, 139, 140, 143, 150, 172, 175, 185, 187, 188
Nectanebo II (Nekhethorheb)
7, 19, 31, 36, 37, 41, 94, 96–98, 120, 121, 125, 128, 129, 135, 138n67, 139, 140, 145–147, 150, 176, 186, 188
Nectanebo decree, aka Naucratis stele
38, 39, 77, 132, 186
“Nectanebo’s Dream”
125, 126, 145
Nefer-Khnum
171
Neferty
168
Neith
vii, 39, 132, 133
Nekhbet
137, 139
Nepherites I
139
Nepherites II
121, 150
New Kingdom
46, 73, 76, 80, 94, 97, 134, 139, 140, 142, 154, 155, 171, 172, 181, 183, 185, 188–190, 193
New Year festival
154
New Year’s courts
141, 142
New Year’s Day
46
New Year’s offering
141, 142
nḥb tax
58–61, 63, 65
nḥt tax
58, 61, 63
Nicostratus of Argos
37
Nile
viii, ix, 2, 8, 10, 11, 15, 22, 23, 27, 40, 42, 73, 75, 81, 83, 90, 111, 114, 121, 125, 126, 131, 137, 140, 142, 200, 201
Canopic branch
90
Delta
10, 81, 83, 121, 122, 125, 131, 141, 143, 146, 148, 152, 200
flood
11
Valley
8
nisbe nouns
171
Nitokris
186
nomarchs
8n6, 38
Nubia, Nubians
76, 168, 170, 188
rulers
188
viceroy of
167
Nun
123
obeliscus Pamphilii
173, 179
obols
98
Octavian
10
oenochoe
224
Old Kingdom
46, 123, 154, 155, 177
Olympias, mother of Alexander III the Great
145
Olympic Games
30
Onnophris
20
Onuris
125
opet festival
146
Ophellas
13
orchards
106
Oriental empires
120
Orontes
32n25
Osiris
74, 107n109, 127, 194
Osiris-Baboon
151
Osiris-Ibis
151
Osorkon I
129
Osorkon II
129, 130
ostraca
passim
owls
84, 94, 97, 98
Oxyrhynchus
149
Palatine Anthology
34
Palestine
121
Palestinians
83
Pamirs
27
Pamphylia
200n6
Panathenaic amphorae
204
Panhellenism
30
papyri
passim
Paraetonium
3
Parthians
52n28
paterae
224
patronage
17, 18
Pe and Dep
192
Pe, lord of
194
Peiraeus
85, 89
Peloponnesian war
29, 89
Pelusium
vii, 36
penalty clauses
78
Pepi I
131n42
Perdiccas III, king of Macedon 368–359
57
Perdiccas, recipient of Alexander the Great’s ring
1, 2, 39–41
Per-hebit
126
Per-khefet
149
Persepolis
28
Persia, Persians
vii, viii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 15–22, 27–29, 31–38, 47, 49, 51, 71, 77, 79, 81, 84, 92, 94, 96, 99, 100, 120, 121, 125, 131, 139, 141, 145, 146–149, 154, 155, 192, 193, 200
Persian Egypt
2, 5
Persian empire
28, 49, 121
Persian forces
121
Persian invasions
120, 121, 131
Persian period
first
120, 139, 155
second
121, 141, 145, 149
Persian rulers
145
Persian standard
94
Petisis, high priest of Thoth
38, 103, 150
tomb chapel at Tuna el-Gebel
151
Petosiris
19, 20, 37, 173
Peucestas son of Macartatus
8
pharaoh
vii, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 22, 27, 28, 33n27, 35–37, 62, 71, 73–80, 92, 94, 97, 100, 101, 103, 106, 107, 109, 115, 119, 120–165, 168n9, 186, 190
Pharnabazus
31–35
Pharos
15n34
Pherendates, satrap of Egypt
37
Phersos
125
Philae
142, 156, 173
kiosk of Nectanebo II
143, 144
temple of Isis
143
Philip II
16, 50, 51, 53n29, 54, 57, 82, 95–97
Philip III Arrhidaeus
6–8, 57, 121, 125, 146, 150, 151
Philip V
56, 57
Philippi
16
Philiscus of Abydos
35
Philophron
36
Philotera, daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenice I
14n32
Phoenicia, Phoenicians
12, 30, 31, 35–37, 41, 43, 77, 82, 83, 97, 99, 103, 225
phraseology
166, 167, 169, 171, 175, 182–184, 186–191
Phrygian cap
104
Piankhy
168
stele
179, 188
Piazza Navona
173
Pi-emroye (= Naucratis)
39
Pinodjem
186
Piye
126
pillared halls
123
pins
212, 222
plant decoration
123
plates
227
Plinthine
207
political economy
3, 70–119
political propaganda
145
poll tax
109
Polybius
15, 30
Porphyry
57
“Porus medallions”
104
Posidippus
8
pots
201, 225–228
precious metal
70, 72, 76, 80, 92
prefect of Egypt
38n55, 168
priests, priesthood
2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12n21, 17–19, 37, 62n53, 75, 79, 102, 124, 125, 133, 142, 145–148, 150, 154, 156, 167, 168, 182n106, 191–194
princes
13
producers
73
production
71
pronaoi
153
property tax
62
Prophecy of Neferty
166n1, 168, 169, 188, 191
prytanies
48
Psammenitus (= Psammetichus III, = Psamtik III)
vii, 17
Psamtek I
186
Psamtek II
172, 185, 186
Ptah
11
Ptolemaic period
13, 20, 104, 107, 121, 125, 130, 140–142, 151, 155, 173, 176, 186, 200n4, 201n8, 203n14, 207, 215, 216n59, 220
Ptolemaic ruling class
219
Ptolemaieia
55
Ptolemais, daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenice I
14n32
Ptolemais Hermeiou
12, 149
Ptolemies
viii, 1, 2, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19n50, 43n95, 56, 70, 71, 81, 94, 105n121, 108, 109, 122, 124, 133, 139, 140, 147, 149–151, 155
dynastic cult of
10
Ptolemy I Soter, son of Lagus
viii, 1, 2, 4, 6–22, 39, 41–43, 46, 54–66, 70–72, 99, 105, 122, 124, 128, 145, 147–152, 155, 156, 166–198
Kheperkare-Setepenamun
62
Setepenre-Meriamun
62
Lord of the Two Lands
11
cult of
12
image of
15
personal qualities
6, 7, 40
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
14n32, 16n41, 17, 21, 22, 50, 53–56, 58–66, 106, 108, 122, 125, 128, 130, 143, 147, 149, 155, 156, 179, 180
Ptolemy III Euergetes
108, 128, 130, 143, 179, 183, 187
Ptolemy IV Philopator
179, 180, 182, 186
Ptolemy VI Philometor
143, 149, 176, 179
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II
149
Ptolemy X Alexander II
125
Ptolemy XIII Philopator
173
Ptolemy Ceraunus, son of Ptolemy I and Eurydice
14n32
purchase tax
62
Pyramid Texts
46, 177, 189n142
pyres
218
qanāts
15
Ramesses II
169, 170, 172, 174, 180, 181, 184, 190
Ramesses III
169, 170, 172, 174, 177, 178, 180, 181, 184
Ramesses IV
182
Ramesses IX
181
Ramesside period
139n73, 174, 179, 180, 183, 190
Randzeile (framing columns)
154
Re
141, 186, 187
reform
Canopic
66
calendrical
65, 66
monetary
72
religious belief
217
religious politics
149
Rhodes
43, 85, 215
Rhosaces
36
ritual
4, 12, 123, 130, 140, 143, 146, 154, 177n72, 202, 215n54, 218
Roman, Romans
38n55, 53, 65, 72, 108, 123, 124n15, 131n42, 141–143, 150, 153, 155, 173, 179, 192, 207n24, 216n59, 220n67
emperors
155
era
123, 131n42, 140, 141
Rome
1, 13, 14, 127, 173
Temple of Isis and Serapis
127
Roxane, daughter of Oxyartes
9, 28
Royal ka
146
royal status
124
ruler cult
147, 154, 156
Sabaces
3, 83n55, 99–103
Sacae
27
sacred landscape
121, 122
sacred space
138
Saft el-Henna (= Per-Sopdu)
130, 131, 172, 175, 185, 186
Sahara
15, 18
Sais
17, 77, 87, 121, 125, 131–133, 141
decree
133
temple of Neith
17, 77, 132, 133
Saite
kings
7, 46, 92, 149n116
nobles
17
period
75, 125
Salamis
43
sale agreements
78
Salitis
47
salt tax
58
Samaria
42
Saqqara
8, 104
Sarapis (= Serapis)
18, 19, 64, 147
Sardis
28, 52n28
Satet
140n77
satraps
2, 7, 11, 13, 14, 28–31, 34–39, 41, 56, 79, 81, 96, 99, 101–103, 122, 147, 151, 167, 168n9, 183, 194
satrapies
7n4, 9, 10, 27–29, 35, 39n58, 41, 103
Satrap stele
4, 7n4, 10–12, 19, 42, 124, 147, 148, 155, 166–198
satraps’ revolts
35
saucers
225, 229
scale drawings
142
scribal schools
190
scribes
63
Sea of the Greeks (= Mediterranean Sea)
39, 147
Sebennytos (= Samannud)
121, 125, 126, 147n109
Second Persian Period
71, 81, 96, 99, 100–103, 121, 141, 145
sed festival
149n116
Seleucid kingdom/empire
2
Seleucus I Nicator
6n3, 12, 13, 40, 41, 43, 52, 53, 56, 57, 65
Senenmut
169
Sesostris I
176, 178, 188, 191
Sety I
177, 180, 185, 186
sharecroppers, sharecropping
74
Sharuna
149, 150
Shatby (= Chatby, = Sciatbi)
4, 199–234
Shellal stele
172
ships
12, 31
Shu
130n38, 169
Sicily
84
Sidonians
38
silver
29, 39, 62, 70, 72, 76–84, 86, 89, 90, 92–94, 97–99, 105–109, 113
Silver Shields
41
Sinai Peninsula
76
Siwa, see Western Oases
skeletons
222, 224, 228
skyphos
223
Snefru
168
Sobek
139
Sobek-Khu stele
176
social
distinctions
203
identities
203, 205
segregation
64
separation
199
Sogdians
27
Sohag
131n42
Soknebtunis
149
solar
courts
141, 142
cycle
123
Sopdu
130
sources
7, 31–34
Sparta, Spartans
30, 35, 36
“spear-won” territory
10, 15, 41
sphinxes
127, 135
staircases
127
staple finance
72, 73, 75, 76, 106
staples
71–78, 80, 81, 85, 92
state and church
123, 145
“stater of Ionia” (= Athenian tetradrachm)
79, 83, 86
staters of the temple of Ptah
93
statues
12, 15n34, 17, 130, 135, 172, 186, 226
statuettes
93
Step Pyramid
46
“stones of Ptah”
106, 108
“stones of the Treasury of Thebes”
78
succession
6, 10, 22, 211
successor kingdoms
7, 105
successors
43, 149
Susa
172
Syene (Aswan)
140, 141
Aswan High Dam
142
symbolism
124
Syncellus, George
17n44, 31, 34
synchronicity
35
synodal decrees
130
Syracuse
95, 200n6
Syria, Syrians
2, 10, 12, 22, 30, 41–43, 45, 87, 94, 95, 97, 100–103, 178, 181, 183, 200
hoard
101
invasion of
12
Koile Syria
12
Syrian Gates
30
Tachos (= Teos)
2, 31, 35, 37, 41, 78, 80, 86n68, 92–95, 97, 121
Taharka
185, 186
Taimhotep
173
Tale of Sinuhe
174–176, 178, 179, 188, 191
Tanis
149
stele
185, 186
Tarasius, patriarch of Constantinople
34
Tathotis
20
taxation
58, 59, 63, 65
tax receipts
73
Teaching of Ptahhotep
191
Tebtynis
149
Tefnut
130n38
Teinti
62, 63
Tell Basta (= Per-Bastet)
128, 129, 155
Tell el-Athrib
90
Tell el-Maskhuta
82, 93
Tell el-Moqdam
128n28
temenos
134
Temnos
20
temples
3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 38, 47, 61n50, 63, 64, 73–81, 83, 85, 89, 93, 94, 97, 102–109, 120–135, 137–156, 166, 169, 173, 175–177, 179–187, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198
construction
120, 121, 125, 128, 131, 141, 145–156
decoration
4, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 128, 134, 135, 139–141, 143, 145–147, 149–152, 154, 186
façades
127
Graeco-Roman
138, 143, 154, 175
plans
155
reliefs
149, 154
walls
138, 139
Terenouthis
149
Temple of Hagar-Therenouthis
149
tetradrachms
3, 59, 70, 71, 79–94, 99–106, 108, 109
imitation
3, 70, 71, 76, 80–82, 84–92, 100, 102–104, 109
pi-style
82n52, 90, 91, 100–102
Thais, former concubine of Alexander, mother of Ptolemy I’s daughter Eirene
14n32
Theban area (in Egypt)
135, 137, 146
Thebes (in Egypt)
11, 12, 62, 63, 74, 75, 78, 135, 137, 139n73, 185
Ramesseum
74
temple of Amun
75
temple of Heryshaf
78
Thebes (in Greece)
30, 35, 36, 204
theology
131
Theoxena, daughter of Ptolemy I and Berenice I
14n32
Thessaly
200n6
Third Diadoch war
42
Third Intermediate Period
75
Thonis, see Heracleion
Thoth
37, 151
“the Filler”
169
Thrace, Thracians
200
Thutmose III
149n116, 178
tiara
104
Tithraustes
31–33
timber
12
Timocharis
50
Timotheus the Eumolpid
18
titulary
11n19, 17, 145n100, 166–168, 183, 190
tongs
212, 228
town walls
138
trade competition
27
transformation
120
triads
139
tribute
27, 72, 79
Triparadeisos
9, 41
Tuna el-Gebel
135, 149, 150
animal cemeteries
151
tomb chapel of Petosiris
151
Two Lands
vii, 11, 12, 20, 167, 175, 182, 187
lord of
11, 175
Tyre
38, 41
siege of
49
Udjahorresne
17, 18
unguent vessels
212, 225, 227–229
Upper Egypt
152, 185
uraeus
vii, 187
urns
203, 206, 209–211, 217n62, 218
cinerary
203, 204, 209–211, 217, 218, 220n68, 222, 224–227, 229
usufruct of land
73, 92
usurpers
124
vicar of Bray
17
vineyards
106
Vienna demotic omen papyrus
47
Volksgeister
201
voluntary associations
215–217, 219
wabet chapel
141, 142, 151, 155
Wadi Gadid
15
Wadjit
137
Wages
80
warfare
71
wealth
3, 8, 11, 15, 22, 32n25, 71–73, 75, 76, 78–81, 85, 86, 92–94, 97, 105–107, 112, 210
wealth finance
72, 76, 79, 94, 105
weight standards
109
Western Oases
15, 121
Bahariya
18, 146
Dakhla
18
Kharga
18, 74, 93
Siwa
13, 18, 38, 145
15
15
white-ground vessels
209, 210
wills
73
wood
77
wreaths
212, 214n52, 217, 225, 226, 228, 229
writing systems
hieroglyphic
154
demotic
155
Xenophon
30, 32
“Xerxes” (= Artaxerxes)
192
year
Egyptian
61
financial
58, 60, 65, 66
regnal
46, 53, 56, 58–66
tax
58–60, 64, 65
“wandering”
46
Zagazig
128, 130
Zenon archive
53, 54
Zeus Ammon
145
Zeus Basileus
38
Zeus Soter
15n34