Abbreviations and Conventions
Abbreviations used in the book follow the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary (CAD), the Akkadisches Handwörterbuch (AHw) and CDLI (Abbreviations for Assyriology). Other abbreviations are listed below:
| Akk. |
Akkadian |
| Aram. |
Aramaic |
| BCE |
Before Common Era |
| BCHP |
van der Spek et al., 2025 |
| Bogh. |
Texts from Bogazköy |
| BWL |
W.G. Lambert, 1960. Babylonian Wisdom Literature. Oxford: Clarendon/Oxford University Press |
| CH |
Code of Hammurabi |
| Col. |
column |
| EA |
Early Akkadian |
| f. |
feminine |
| Heb. |
Hebrew |
| Hurr. |
Hurrian |
| Imp. |
imperative |
| Ki 1902 |
British Museum tablets from Leonard William King |
| LB |
Late Babylonian period |
| Le. Ed. |
left edge |
| Lo. Ed. |
lower edge |
| m. |
masculine |
| MA |
Middle Assyrian period |
| Mari |
Texts from Mari |
| MB |
Middle Babylonian period |
| NA |
Neo-Assyrian period |
| NB |
Neo-Babylonian period |
| Num. |
Book of Numbers |
| OA |
Old Assyrian period |
| OB |
Old Babylonian period |
| Obv. |
obverse |
| Part. |
participle |
| Pres. |
present |
| Pret. |
preteritum |
| Rev. |
reverse |
| SB |
Standard Babylonian |
| SEB |
Seleucid Era |
| Sp. |
tablets from Spartali & Co. in the British Museum |
| Sum. |
Sumerian |
| Up. Ed. |
upper edge |
| VAM |
Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin |
| VS |
Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmäler der Königlichen Museen zu Berlin |