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äºEthics and Analogy (QiyaÌs) in 5th/11th-Century Islamic Legal Theory

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Dar Hadith al Hassania

Index

a contrario argument. see counter-implication

a fortiori argument (mafhuÌm, qiyaÌs al-awlaÌ) 90, 91n110, 134, 136, 140, 142, 143, 145, 164â165, 176

Ê¿abath. see senseless

accountability. see takliÌf

Ê¿alam. see sign

amaÌra. see sign

al-AshÊ¿ariÌ, AbuÌ l-HÌ£asan (d. 324/935) 23n36, 151

assistance. see lutÌ£f

atonement. see penance

autonomous / autonomy (human) 12, 35, 111, 119, 134, 149, 154, 162, 176

al-BaÌqillaniÌ, AbuÌ Bakr (d. 403/1012) 6, 125, 151, 161n70, 172n77

al-BasÌ£riÌ, AbuÌ Ê¿AbdallaÌh al-HÌ£usayn (d. 369/980) 5, 35, 160n61

bayÊ¿. see sale

benefaction (niÊ¿ma) 23, 36, 38, 46, 48, 51, 73

benefactor (naÌÊ¿im) 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 72, 73, 81, 105, 153

beneficence (ihÌ£saÌn) 34, 36, 40, 45, 46, 48, 60, 61, 67, 68, 69, 72, 76, 152, 162, 176, 181

blame (dhamm, lawm) 10, 11, 20,

32â52 (passim) 67, 68, 71, 74â81

(passim) 94, 130, 131n50, 160â162, 175â177

causality / cause 5n15, 34, 53, 54n125, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 64, 65, 67n180, 84, 85n83, 89, 113â114, 128, 129, 134, 137, 138, 150, 170

certain / certainty (qatÌ£Ê¿) 19n16, 27, 56, 82, 84n76, 86, 89, 91n111, 94, 106, 112, 126, 132n56, 140, 145, 149, 162n77, 164, 175n140

choice (ikhtiyaÌr, khiyaÌr) 28, 34, 37, 50, 51, 57, 58n139, 67n180, 76, 85, 114, 156, 158, 160â161, 162, 176, 186

configuration (wajh) 18, 20, 33, 38, 39, 41, 44, 53, 63, 71, 87, 88

consensus (ijmaÌÊ¿) 27, 57, 91, 134, 135, 136, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 163, 164, 165

consequentialist 6, 9, 10, 21, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 49, 50n101, 54, 61, 67, 68, 73â74, 79, 81, 92, 94, 102, 110, 111, 118, 121, 146, 152, 162, 174â175, 176, 179, 181, 183, 188

context / contextual (qariÌna) 26, 51n105, 91, 95, 108, 121â122, 130, 154â156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 167, 175, 176â177, 183, 186

counter-implication (mafhuÌm al-mukhaÌlafa, daliÌl al-khitÌ£aÌb) 108n60, 131â132, 134, 159, 184

culpability. see takliÌf

daliÌl al-khitÌ£aÌb. see counter-implication

deontological / deontology 10, 20â21, 23, 31â33, 38, 40, 41, 43, 45â47, 49, 54, 61, 67, 68, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 94, 110, 111, 112, 121, 149, 152, 162, 174, 176, 181

disobedience 43, 51, 54, 60, 67, 68, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 82, 94, 109, 112, 117, 128, 131, 132, 146, 162

Eissa, Mohamed 1, 4n12, 5n15, 11, 15, 24n39, 63, 66, 85n84, 93, 123, 124n9, 126, 133n65, 147, 153, 154, 162, 166n94, 169, 179, 181

efficacy (taÊ¾thiÌr) 4, 5, 63â64, 65, 69, 74, 83â86, 89, 91â92, 95, 115â117, 122, 138n 93, 141, 143â144, 146, 166, 180

effective (muÊ¾aththir) 7n29, 57â59, 63, 64, 65, 74, 76, 79, 80, 83â84, 86â87, 90, 91â92, 95, 115, 116n114, 117, 119, 144, 146n126, 148

Emon, Anver 14, 17n8, 58, 70, 71, 179

enslaved / enslavement (Ê¿abd, mamluÌk, riqq) 19, 56, 62, 66, 130, 131, 140, 143, 149, 164, 173

epistemological / epistemology 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21n23, 24, 26, 56n131, 64, 86, 89, 91, 104n44, 113, 126, 141, 145, 153, 164, 182n5

Euthyphro 2, 14, 17

Farahat, Omar 11, 14, 17, 19, 27n59, 31, 95, 179

fasting (sÌ£awm) 22, 30, 52, 78, 85n84, 90, 108â109, 118, 137, 143

foolish. see senseless

Frank, Richard 11, 14, 17, 31, 34, 35, 37, 53n115, 67n180, 149

generosity (f-dÌ£-l) 23, 37n37, 48, 72, 76, 131

al-GhazaÌliÌ, AbuÌ HÌ£aÌmid (d. 505/1111) 3, 5â6, 8, 9, 14, 23n36, 28, 68, 119, 122, 169, 170, 171â172, 174, 177, 179, 184

guardian / guardianship 8n34, 91n113 and 114, 118, 169, 183

Hallaq, Wael B. 11, 13, 83, 184

HÌ£anafiÌ 5, 7, 8, 9, 12n43, 70, 75n27, 85n84, 96, 116n109, 122, 123n3, 126, 131n51, 136, 137, 151, 157n42, 170n116, 184

HÌ£anbaliÌ 7, 123n3

hÌ£aqq. see right

Heemskerk, Margaretha 31, 32, 34n18, 36, 42n60, 43, 48n86, 57, 80n58, 179

Hourani, George 11, 14, 17, 31, 179

Ibn KhalduÌn (d. 808/1406) 96, 151

ignorance (jahl) 21n23, 29, 38, 62, 73, 98n15, 103, 104, 105, 121, 127n30, 128

ijtihaÌd / mujtahid 12n43, 13n45, 56n131, 113, 162n77, 163, 175, 177n141, 182n5, 188

ikhaÌla. see suggestiveness

improvement (tahÌ£siÌn) 5, 174

incentive (daÌÊ¿in, baÌÊ¿ith). see motivation, motive

indicant / indicative (daliÌl) 29, 55, 64, 65, 85

inheritance 85, 90, 187

injustice (zÌ£ulm) 17â18, 21, 23, 30, 35n23 and 27, 36, 38, 40â41, 44, 67, 73, 103â105, 119n129, 186

interest (ribaÌ) 22, 78, 82, 109, 136n81, 139, 140, 144, 145, 148, 169

jahl. see ignorance

al-JasÌ£sÌ£aÌsÌ£, AbuÌ Bakr (d. 370/980) 5, 8â9, 12n43, 96

jihaÌd 76, 109, 110

al-JubbaÌÊ¾iÌ, AbuÌ Ê¿AliÌ (d. 303/915) 35

al-JubbaÌÊ¾iÌ, AbuÌ HaÌshim (d. 321/933) 18, 20, 22n31, 35, 49n92, 136

justice / just (Ê¿adl) 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 28n61, 30, 31, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49n96, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 60, 67, 68, 69, 72, 81, 82, 94, 131, 181, 182

kadhib / kidhb. see lie

kaffaÌra. see penance

al-KarkhiÌ, AbuÌ l-HÌ£asan (d. 340/951) 8, 85n84

killing (qatl) 5, 78, 90, 119n130, 168â169, 173, 177

lafzÌ£. see utterance

language 2, 12, 23, 24â26, 77, 112, 114, 115, 117, 124, 128, 130, 137, 150, 181, 183, 185, 186;

establishment of (wadÌ£Ê¿) 26, 97, 99â102, 113, 120, 124â128, 130, 133, 137, 138, 150, 154â156, 157, 158, 162, 163, 164, 175, 176

lawgiver 1, 3, 5, 19, 115, 127, 135, 147, 160, 161, 167, 168, 169

legislator. see lawgiver

lie / lying (kadhib, kidhb) 17, 18, 20, 21, 30, 35n27, 38â39, 40, 41, 46, 47, 56, 73, 101, 102n33, 117n116, 128

lutÌ£f (divine assistance, opportunity) 42, 43, 45n78, 46, 48, 50, 51, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 77, 87, 88, 89, 94, 95, 118, 184

mafsada 5, 6, 7, 28, 53n113, 71, 74, 78, 79, 81, 82, 92, 94, 174, 179

MaÌlik b. Anas (d. 179/795) 170n114

MaÌlikiÌ 7, 123n3

MaÌturiÌdiÌ 3, 5, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 28â30, 96, 97, 99, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188

al-MaÌturiÌdiÌ, AbuÌ MansÌ£uÌr (d. 333/944) 28â30, 96, 97, 99n18, 104n44, 106

mafhuÌm. see a fortiori argument and counter-implication

mamluÌk. see enslaved

motivation / motive (daÌÊ¿in, baÌÊ¿ith) 4, 5, 33n15, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41, 53n115, 54, 56, 57â63 (passim) 67n180, 68, 69, 71â72, 76, 78â79, 88â89, 92, 94, 95, 111, 121, 160n61, 175

motive model, of ratio legis 3â5, 7, 9, 60, 66, 85n83, 94, 119, 138, 177, 183

mujtahid. see ijtihaÌd

mukallaf. see takliÌf

mulaÌÊ¾ama. see relevance

mulaÌÊ¾im. see relevance

munaÌsaba. see suitability

munaÌsib. see suitability

munificence (f-dÌ£-l) 37, 44, 45, 98

Mustafa, Abdul-Rahman 11, 24n40, 25n42, 27, 155n30

al-MutawalliÌ, AbuÌ SaÊ¿d (d. 478/1085) 6

necessities, of human existence (dÌ£aruÌraÌt, dÌ£aruÌriyyaÌt) 5â6, 7, 8n34, 28, 119, 147n132, 153, 154, 171n125, 172â175, 177, 179, 184

need (hÌ£aÌja) 5, 36, 37, 40, 54, 77, 171n125, 172â175, 177, 184

obedience 22â23, 42â43, 45n78, 46, 48, 50, 54, 61, 63, 67â69, 74, 77, 79â81, 83, 87â89, 92, 94â95, 110, 112, 117â118, 128, 148â150, 158, 161, 174â176, 181â182, 185

objective / objectivity 17, 18, 20â21, 24, 41, 80, 185

occasion (sabab) 110, 112, 114n93, 117â118, 138n94, 173

omnipotence / omnipotent 6, 16, 23, 28â30, 94, 97, 108, 127â128, 135, 149â150, 153, 162, 175, 182â183, 188

ontological / ontology 5n15, 19â20, 21, 24, 32, 41, 71, 73, 105, 128, 131

opportunity. see lutÌ£f

penance (kaffaÌra) 50, 52, 76, 85, 90, 136, 141n109, 143

praise (madhÌ£) 10, 11, 20, 22n31, 32, 33, 34, 35n26, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 67, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 94, 102, 111, 130, 132, 162, 176

prayer (sÌ£alaÌt) 22, 37n37, 52, 58, 60, 61, 63n164, 65, 66, 68, 78, 84, 85, 90, 92n119, 103, 104n42, 109, 110, 122, 125, 129, 132, 137, 138, 139, 144, 146, 147n132, 159, 160

probable / probabilistic (â zÌ£-n-n) 19n16, 55, 56, 66n178, 79, 83â87, 89, 91, 106, 112, 126, 133n63, 136, 142, 143, 144n124, 145, 162n77, 164, 165, 166, 167n97, 178

promise (waÊ¿d) 23, 39, 42, 43, 45, 49, 50, 59, 61, 63, 68, 75, 76, 79, 94, 181

prophet 1, 18, 22, 25, 29n66, 30, 54n119, 64, 76n37, 83, 89, 90, 116, 124, 125n14, 127, 132, 133n65, 134, 135, 136, 140, 142, 143, 149, 154n20, 155n29, 164, 170

Prostestantism, Christian 27

punishment (Ê¿uquÌb, Ê¿uquÌba) 5, 10, 30, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 54, 58, 60, 63, 67, 71â72, 74, 75n31, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 94, 102, 109, 111, 112, 121, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 149, 150, 152, 153, 156, 158, 159, 161, 174, 176, 181, 186

hÌ£add- 5, 22, 56, 62, 66, 85, 107, 109, 136, 140, 142, 143, 146, 148, 167

purposes of the Law (maqaÌsÌ£id al-shariÌÊ¿a) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 22, 27, 63, 68, 69, 82, 88, 95, 119, 120n132, 127, 128, 133, 137, 150, 169, 170, 171, 174, 179, 182, 183, 189

purposivist 6, 7, 9, 124, 183

qatl. see killing

qiyaÌs al-awlaÌ see a fortiori argument

QurÊ¾aÌn / qurÊ¾anic 1, 25, 26, 27, 56, 62, 82, 89, 90, 91n110, 113, 124n8, 127n31, 133n65, 135, 140, 142, 149, 163, 167

relevance / relevant (mulaÌÊ¾ama / mulaÌÊ¾im) 116, 117, 119, 122

responsibility. see takliÌf

retaliation (qisÌ£aÌsÌ£) 5, 168â169, 172, 173, 177

reward (thawaÌb) 10, 22â24, 30, 39, 42â43, 45n78, 46, 48â52, 54, 57â63, 67â68, 71â72, 74â76, 79â81, 83, 87â88, 92â94, 102, 111â112, 121, 128â130, 132â133, 149, 152â153, 156, 162, 174â176, 181â182, 184

ribaÌ. see interest

right (hÌ£aqq) 31, 38, 40, 41n57, 43â47, 48n89, 49, 51, 67â68, 74, 81, 103n37, 106n53, 119, 121, 131, 152, 182, 185

riqq. see enslaved

sabab. see occasion

sale (bayÊ¿) 72, 78, 82, 90, 92, 100, 109, 110, 118, 120, 136n81, 139, 142, 144, 145, 164, 172, 174

salvation 12, 14, 16, 22â23, 50, 61, 87, 149, 152, 163, 175, 177, 185, 186, 189

senseless (Ê¿abath) 6, 29â30, 33, 36, 38, 39, 51, 53, 67, 97n7, 98, 99n18, 101, 103, 104â105, 109, 111, 119, 128, 183

servant / servitude (Ê¿abd / Ê¿ubuÌdiyya) 22, 23, 99, 107, 108, 120, 121, 149â150, 177, 181.

enslaved

ShaÌfiÊ¿iÌ 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, 31, 64n167, 116, 123, 124n9, 130n42, 139, 150, 151, 152, 154n20, 175n140, 176, 179, 184

al-ShaÌshiÌ, al-QaffaÌl (d. 365/976) 8

ShiÊ¿a / ShiÌÊ¿iÌ 3n8, 10n39, 14n48, 17n9

Shihadeh, Ayman 7n27, 11, 14, 31, 32, 33n11, 179

Siddiqui, Sohaira 13n45, 124, 139n96, 163, 166, 170n116, 171

sign (Ê¿alam, amaÌra) 4â5, 25â26, 55â56, 60, 64â65, 69, 71, 78, 83â86, 88â89, 93, 100n25, 104, 113, 118, 120, 138, 154, 166, 167n97, 170, 177, 182, 185

sign model, of ratio legis 3, 4, 5, 66, 83â87, 92, 95, 113â114, 138, 182

siyaÌsa 7, 172

slave (Ê¿abd, mamluÌk). see enslaved

subjective / subjectivity 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27n59, 98, 163, 166, 188

Soufi, Youcef 8, 13n45, 123, 133n64, 140n100, 147n132, 175n140

speech (kalaÌm) 13, 24â27, 34n17, 38, 39, 41, 56, 83, 99n23, 100â101, 125â127, 130, 154â156, 158, 159

divine 1, 9, 13, 15, 19, 24â26, 100, 124â128, 130â131, 133, 135, 149â150, 153â157, 159, 161, 163, 166â167, 176â177

inner speech (kalaÌm al-nafs) 12, 26, 154â155, 157

state (hÌ£aÌl) 20â21, 33, 38, 39n49, 42, 43, 45, 47, 53â54, 59n145, 74, 104, 113, 118n126

suggestive / suggestiveness (mukhiÌl / ikhaÌla) 116, 164â167, 170, 176

suitability / suitable (munaÌsaba / munaÌsib) 4â7, 122, 164â167, 169, 170, 174, 176â177, 179

Sunna 1, 76n33, 126, 135, 163

SunniÌ 2, 3, 7, 14n48, 27n59, 188, 189

Syed, Mairaj 14, 15, 16, 33n15, 35n23 and 27, 151n3, 154, 162, 179

syllogism, syllogistic 27, 55n122

takliÌf (accountability, culpability, responsibility) 12, 13n35, 14, 16, 22, 34, 38, 42, 45, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59n145, 61, 62, 63, 67n180, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 82, 86, 88, 89n100, 92, 93, 94, 107, 118n126, 124, 126, 127, 128, 131, 133, 135, 136, 148, 150, 151n3, 152, 154â158 (passim) 162, 175n140, 176, 185

taÊ¾thiÌr. see efficacy

teleological / teleology 21â21, 31, 33, 40â41, 46â47, 68, 72, 76, 102, 106, 121, 181

theft (sariqa) 5, 22, 90, 128, 129, 136n79, 142, 167

threat (waÊ¿iÌd) 39, 42, 45, 50, 51, 60, 76, 77, 79, 152, 158, 159, 161, 162, 176, 181

transcendence / transcendent 16, 19, 29â30, 97, 128, 133, 149, 150, 156, 162, 175, 177

truth (sÌ£idq) 17, 19â20, 21, 39, 41, 101

universal 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 27n59, 28, 172, 173, 174, 180

universalism (scriptural, legal) 7, 24, 162, 163, 165, 175, 176, 177, 179, 182â184, 186â188

universe 18, 19, 21, 32, 45, 58, 67, 70, 74, 185

unseen (ghaÌÊ¾ib) 18, 19n16, 25, 29, 41, 84, 97, 104, 127, 188

useless. see senseless

usury (ribaÌ). see interest

utterance (lafzÌ£) 12, 24â26, 70, 89, 117, 124â125, 132â135, 137, 142, 150, 155, 157â158, 166â168

Vasalou, Sophia 11, 14, 20n21, 21n23, 31, 38, 40, 43â45, 50n101, 53n115, 80n60, 81, 179

Vishanoff, David 9, 10, 96n2, 152, 154, 156, 174n139

wajh. see configuration

wine (khamr, nabiÌdh) 5, 43, 58, 60, 61, 62, 68, 78, 86, 119, 128, 137â138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144n120, 146, 148, 153, 154

wisdom (hÌ£ikma) 8, 16, 28â30, 45, 46n80, 97â122 (passim) 126, 128, 130, 133, 137, 140, 145, 146, 147, 148, 157n47, 183, 186

ZÌ£aÌhiriÌ 123n3, 134

zÌ£ann. see probable

zÌ£ulm. see injustice

Zysow, Aron 3â4, 5n17, 6, 7, 12n43, 13, 46, 65n176, 66, 94, 131n51, 164n84, 179, 182n5

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Ethics and Analogy (QiyaÌs) in 5th/11th-Century Islamic Legal Theory

ä¸ç¼ï¼ Islamic Thought and History, å·ï¼ 1

Cover Ethics and Analogy (<i>QiyaÌs</i>) in 5th/11th-Century Islamic Legal Theory

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