| 2030 Agenda | United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development |
| acia | Arctic Climate Impact Assessment |
| aeps | Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy |
| the Agreement | 2018 Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean, unless otherwise indicated |
| Agreement Area | The single high seas portion of the central Arctic Ocean that is surrounded by waters within which Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark in respect of Greenland, the Kingdom of Norway, the Russian Federation and the United States of America exercise fisheries jurisdiction |
| amap | Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme |
| Arctic Five | Arctic coastal States Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark (acting on behalf of Greenland and the Faroe Islands), the Kingdom of Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States of America |
| awi | Alfred-Wegener-Institut |
| Barcelona Convention | Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution |
| bbnj treaty | International legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, also referred to as the biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction treaty |
| beac | Barents Euro-Arctic Council |
| brc | Barents Regional Council |
| caff | Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group of the Arctic Council |
| camlr Convention | Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources |
| cao | Central Arctic Ocean |
| caof Agreement | 2018 Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean |
| Cartagena Protocol | Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity |
| cbd | United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity |
| ccamlr | Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources |
Climate Change and Carrying Capacity |
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| cds | Catch documentation schemes |
| cites | Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora |
| cms | Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals |
| the Convention | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, unless otherwise indicated |
| cop | cbd conference of the parties |
| cwp | fao’s Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics |
| Decision v/6 | Decision v/6 of the cop to the cbd |
| the Directive | 2008 EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive |
| dwf State | Distant water fishing State |
| ebsas | Ecologically or biologically significant marine areas |
| eez | Exclusive Economic Zone |
| eia | Environmental impact assessment |
| eppr | Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response Working Group of the Arctic Council |
| EU | European Union |
| fao | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| fao Code of Conduct | fao Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries |
| fao Compliance Agreement | 1993 Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas |
| FiSCAO | Scientific Experts on Fish Stocks in the Central Arctic Ocean |
| Five-plus-Five | The ten parties to the caof Agreement |
| fpz | Fisheries Protection Zone |
| fsp Guidelines | fao Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance |
| iad framework | Institutional Analysis and Development framework |
| icc | Inuit Circumpolar Council |
| iccat | International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas |
| iccpr | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ices | International Council for the Exploration of the Sea |
| icj | International Court of Justice |
| ilo | International Labour Organization |
| ilo Convention No. 169 | International Labour Organization Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (No. 169) |
International Maritime Organization |
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| ipcc | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| iphc | International Pacific Halibut Commission |
| ipoa | International Plan of Action |
| ipoa-capacity | International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity |
| ipoa-iuu | International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing |
| ipy | International Polar Year |
| itlos | International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea |
| iuu fishing | Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing |
| iwc | International Whaling Commission |
| Johannesburg Plan of Implementation | Plan of the Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development |
| JointFish | Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission |
| jpsrm | Joint Program of Scientific Research and Monitoring |
| marpol | International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships |
| mfg Guidelines | fao Voluntary Guidelines on the Marking of Fishing Gear |
| MOSAiC expedition | Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition |
| msy | Maximum sustainable yield |
| nafo | Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization |
| nafo Convention | Convention on Cooperation in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries |
| Nagoya Protocol | Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity |
| nasco | North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization |
| neafc | North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission |
| neafc Convention | Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in North-East Atlantic Fisheries |
| nemuro | North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography |
| nemuro.fish | nemuro For Including Saury and Herring |
International Law Association’s New Delhi Declaration of Principles of International Law Relating to Sustainable Development |
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| (n)go | (Non-)governmental organization |
| nis | Non-indigenous species |
| noaa | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| Oslo Declaration | 2015 Declaration Concerning the Prevention of Unregulated High Seas Fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean |
| ospar Convention | Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic |
| Other Five | Parties to the caof Agreement except the Arctic Five, namely China, Iceland, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the European Union |
| pame | Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment Working Group of the Arctic Council |
| the Parties | The ten parties to the caof Agreement, listed in Article 9(1) caof Agreement |
| pices | North Pacific Marine Science Organization |
| Polar Code | International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters |
| Preamble | Preamble of the caof Agreement |
| pscg | Provisional Scientific Coordinating Group |
| psma | Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing |
| pssa | Particularly Sensitive Sea Area |
| rfb | Regional Fishery Body |
| rfma | Regional Fisheries Management Arrangement |
| rfmo | Regional Fisheries Management Organization |
| Rio Declaration | Rio Declaration on Environment and Development |
| sao | Senior Arctic Officials |
| sdgs | UN Sustainable Development Goals |
| solas | International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea |
| sprfmo | South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation |
| srfma | Subregional Fisheries Management Arrangement |
| srfmo | Subregional Fisheries Management Organization |
| ssf Guidelines | fao Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication |
| Stockholm Declaration | 1972 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment |
| tac | Total allowable catch |
Total allowable commercial catch |
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| UN | United Nations |
| unced | United Nations Conference on Environment and Development |
| unclos | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
| undrip | United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |
| unfccc | 1994 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
| unfs Agreement | Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks |
| vclt | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties |
| wcpfc | Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean |
| wssd | World Summit on Sustainable Development |