Figures
1 General grammaticalization scale 11
2 Language system and discourse 15
3 Structure of the language system 15
4 Structure of the significative system 16
5 Diachronic identity 22
6 Diachronic identity despite difference of significatum 23
7 Diachronic identity despite difference of significans 23
8 Synchrony and diachrony 24
9 Reanalysis of English perfect construction 37
10 Lexicalization and grammaticalization in the significative system 74
11 Change from endocentric compound to derived stem 77
12 Two functions of human language 88
13 Anchorage spaces of referents 94
14 Hierarchy of accessibility for clefting 109
15 Clause topology 111
16 Postpositional phrase with intermediate noun 122
17 Grammaticalization and degrammaticalization 140
18 Lexicalization and folk-etymology 141
19 Evolutive typology 148
20 Basic subdivision of situations 170
21 Control cline 171
22 Teleonomic hierarchy 175
23 Consciousness in linguistic activity 181
Tables
1 Conjugation of vir ‘come’ in present tense 11
2 Hierarchy of complexity levels of linguistic structure 19
3 Passage into weak conjugation 31
4 Passage into strong conjugation 31
5 Analogical adaptation of word order 32
6 Reanalysis of Old English plural suffix 33
7 Reanalysis of Middle English epithetic /n/ 34
8 Persian numeral classifiers 47
9 Parameters and processes of grammaticalization 51
10 Latin demonstratives 52
11 Grammatical vs. lexical items in Yucatec Maya 65
12 Erosion in Chinese aspect morphemes 66
13 Lexicalization 73
14 Regularity in English conjugation 75
15 Major class conversion in English 76
16 English metaphony 79
17 Desemanticization of be going to V 83
18 Functional domains of language 89
19 Particles of request and thanks 97
20 Cleft-constructions 104
21 Cleft sentence 105
22 Pseudo-cleft sentence 107
23 Reanalysis of the copula as Thematic Structure Articulator 118
24 Periphrastic coding of aspectual notions 130
25 Sources of aspectual auxiliaries 130
26 Syncope and anaptyxis 136
27 Monophthongization and diphthongization 137
28 Assimilation and dissimilation 137
29 German obstruent devoicing 138
30 Folk-etymology 141
31 Subsystems and directions of linguistic changes 142
32 Intrinsic orientation of grammatical changes 143
33 Perfect auxiliaries in French and English 153
34 Sequential order in dependency 159
35 Levels of a teleonomic hierarchy 176
36 Controlled and automatic processing 178