Index
Aaron, as wazīr of Moses
39, 50–51, 51n15, 90–91, 354
al-ʿAbbāsī, ʿAbd al-Samīʿ b. ʿUmar
342, 342n7
Abbasid Caliphate/Abbasids
appointment to public office
42, 80
colors of
229, 341, 342
condemnation of/polemics against
6, 321, 330, 331, 333, 369, 371, 374
in khuṭbas (sermons)
341, 359, 360, 366–367
on disappearance of al-Ḥākim
183, 188
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
338, 345, 403
jurisdiction over/control of Hijaz/Ḥaramayn
389, 390, 391, 403, 406
military coups
165
qāḍīs al-quḍāt (chief judges) in
65
removal/replacement of caliphs
78, 165
rivalry between Fatimid and
1, 333, 339, 340, 341, 342, 366, 376
Saljuks and
49, 55, 343, 403
wazīrs
49
ʿAbda bt. al-Muʿizz (d. 1050)
167
ʿAbd al-Aʿlā b. Hāshim b. al-Manṣūr
168–169
ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib (d. 570)
328, 372
ʿAbdallāh b. al-Muʿizz (d. 974)
176, 179
ʿAbdallāh b. al-Ḥājib
159
ʿAbdallāh b. Ibāḍ
381
ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī Thawbān (qāḍī)
65
ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad b. Dāʾūd
115
ʿAbd Allāh b. Sabaʾ
325
ʿAbdān (dāʿī)
295–296
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muḥammad b. al-Nuʿmān (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī, d. 1011)
67, 163, 222
on ʿĀshūrāʾ (Shīʿī festival)
111
at drinking party
170, 171–172, 173
execution
222
ʿAbd al-Ḥākim b. Wahb al-Malījī see [al-]Malījī, ʿAbd al-Ḥākim b. Wahb
ʿAbd al-Jabbār (chief qāḍī)
66n43
ʿAbd al-Karīm b. al-Ḥusayn Abuʾl-Barakāt (khaṭīb)
345
ʿAbd al-Mālik b. Marwān (5th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, r. 685–705)
331, 368, 370n31
ʿAbd Manāf b. Qusay (2nd Chief of the Quraysh, b.c. 430)
328, 372
ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib (4th Chief of the Quraysh, d. 578)
328, 372
ʿAbd al-Rāḥim Ibn Ilyās (Heir-apparent of the Fatimid Caliphate, 1013–1021)
183, 185
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān I (1st Emir of Córdoba, r. 756–788)
372
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III (1st Caliph of Córdoba, r. 912–961)
328–329, 370n32, 372–374, 375
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muljam (murderer of ʿAlī)
368
ʿAbd al-Samīʿ b. ʿUmar al-ʿAbbāsī see [al-]Abbāsī, ʿAbd al-Samīʿ b. ʿUmar
ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf
328, 372
Abraham
19, 251n7, 296, 297
Abuʾl-ʿAbbās (brother of Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī, d. 911)
146
on ‘breaking’ novices
318
on payment of dues and alms to daʿwa
250–251, 281–282
on pilgrimage
272
Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥusayn (son of Nizār b. al-Mustanṣir)
101–102
Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad al-Nuʿmān see [al-]Mufīd, al-Shaykh
Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Quḍāʿī (qāḍī)
344
Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī (dāʿī, d. 911)
156n3, 250, 281, 318
appointment of qāḍīs by
58, 59
background
384
condemnation of/polemics against
383–384
conversations with Ibn al-Haytham
146, 214, 381
elimination of Ibāḍī imamate
382–383
execution
156
polemical techniques
319
victory over Aghlabids (909)
58, 59
Abū ʿAlī Ḥasan b. Aḥmad (dāʿī, d. 933, previously Ḥamdān Qarmat)
63–64, 67
Abū ʿAmmār (mentor of Abū Yazīd)
385
Abū Bakr (1st Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, r. 632–634)
322, 332, 335–336, 359, 374, 381, 405
Abuʾl-Faḍl b. al-Furāt (wazīr)
169
Abuʾl-Fahm (dāʿī)
100–101
Abuʾl-Fatḥ Manṣūr b. Maʿshar (physician of al-Ḥākim)
163, 164
Abuʾl-Fawāris Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb
14
Abuʾl-Futūḥ Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar al-Ḥasanī (amīr of Mecca, r. 994/5–1010)
as anti-caliph
390, 395
(causes of) renunciation of Fatimids
392–395
death
104
in Egypt
393
lineage
392
revolt against Fatimids (1010–1011)
390, 395–396, 402
Abuʾl-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf b. Ayyūb (chief qāḍī)
74n72, 112, 116
Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 767)
33, 317, 321, 322
Abuʾl Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Sulaymān b. al-Bawwāb
293
Abuʾl-Ḥasan al-Muʾayyad bi-Allāh Aḥmad b. Ḥusayn b. Hārūn (Zaydī imam, Caspian region)
32, 333, 334, 334n34, 379
Abuʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad (chief dāʿī)
67
Abū Jaʿfar Muslim (Egyptian noble)
370
Abū Kathīr Afrāʾim b. al-Ḥasan b. Isḥaq b. Ibrāhīm b. Yaʿqūb (Jewish physician)
146–148, 150, 216–217
Abuʾl-Khayr (Fatimid agent in al-Andalus)
374, 375
Abū Khazar
378n4
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥusayn see [al-]Mahdī
Abuʾl Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Ṣiqillī al-Muhandis
293
Abuʾl Munajjā b. Sanad al-Sāʿātī al-Iskandarānī al-Muhandis
293
Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī (Companion of the Prophet. d.c. 662/672)
380
Abū Mūsā, Shaykh
250
Abuʾl-Qāsim al-Ṭayyib (Imam of Ṭayyibī Ismaili Islam, r. 1130–?)
76
Abū Rakwa (Umayyad pretender)
393
Abū Saʿīd Maymūn Dubba (chief of police)
179
Abuʾl-Ṣalt (Andalusian polymath, d. 1134)
103, 133, 135, 211
Abū Ṭāhir Ibn ʿAwf see Ibn ʿAwf, Abū Ṭāhir
Abū Tammām (Khurasanian dāʿī, fl. 10th c.), “Chapter on Satan”
319–326, 380–381
Abuʾl-Thurayyā Najm b. Jaʿfar (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī)
73
Abū Yaʿqūb b. Anasṭās (Melkite physician of al-Ḥākim)
164, 170–171, 172–173, 286, 287–288
Abū Yaʿqūb b. Yaʿqūb (chief qāḍī, d.c. 798/799)
65
Abū Yazīd Makhlad b. Kaydad (Kharijite rebel, d. 947)
background/affiliation
381, 384, 385, 388
condemnation by al-Qāʾim
384–386
epithets for
384–385, 386
istiʿrāḍ doctrine of
385
revolt of
34, 60, 62, 98, 352, 357–358, 377, 378, 384
Accursed Tree see Zaqqūm/Accursed Tree
Acre
47, 53
Active Intellect
198, 199
ʿĀd (ancient tribe)
360, 367
adab literature (“bell lettres”)
211
adab al-qāḍī (judge’s comportment)
78
Adam
251n7, 254, 296, 297
Adem, Rodrigo
313
al-ʿĀḍid li Dīn Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1160–1171)
102, 348n22
offspring
167
royal library of
217
ʿĀdiliyya (madrasa, Alexandria)
129, 129n16
ʿAḍud al-Dawla Alp Arslān see Alp Arslān
al-Afḍal (Fatimid military wazīr, r. 1094–1121)
52, 55, 106
arts and sciences/patronage under
132, 133, 147, 211, 292
assassination
73, 150
immigration under
103, 132
library of
143, 147, 216, 217
observatory of
293, 295
policy toward Hijaz
405
popular festivals under
116
style of rule
73, 132
Afḍaliyya (militia of al-Afḍal)
52, 101
Aga Khan
191
Aghlabid Dynasty/Aghlabids
58, 59, 60, 61, 382, 384
ʿahd (commission) of ʿAlī
80, 85–87, 93
Ahl al-ʿadl
304–305, 305–306
Ahl al-bayt
64, 64n32, 149, 364
Ahl al-ḥaqāʾiq
304, 305
Ahmād b. Isḥāq see [al-]Qādir
Aḥmad b. Baḥr b. ʿAlī (qāḍī)
60, 60n14
Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal (d. 855)
321
Aḥmad, Muḥammad
7n4
Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Abiʾl-ʿAwwām see Ibn Abiʾl-ʿAwwām
Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Walīd (Mālikī leader)
60
Aḥmad b. Surayj (d. 918)
329
al-Aḥsāʾ
333, 335, 379
Aillet, Cyrille
383n16, 387
ʿĀʾisha (d. 678)
111, 322, 368n13, 374
ʿAjārida (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
al-Akhal (amīr of Sicily, r. 1019–1037)
105
Akhlāq-i Naṣīri (Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭusī)
201
al-Akhram (Ḥasan al-Farghānī, Zaydī imam)
332
Akhū Muḥsin
278n10
Aʿlām al-nubuwwa (Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī)
209, 326
Alamut (Iran)
201
alcohol consumption
wine consumption
drinking parties
163, 164, 170–173, 174, 286, 287–288
prohibition by al-Ḥākim
173, 229, 288
Aleppo
403
book production in
288, 290
daʿwa in
295
shifting political allegiances in
339, 343
siege of (1025)
102–103
Alexandria
book trade
143
conquest of
48
destruction of churches
178, 178n8
entry point to the west/chief Mediterranean port
131, 132, 214
festivals
366
madrasas in
127, 129, 129n16, 135, 138–139
Mālikī school in
126, 137
Melkites in
177
qādīs in
41, 66, 66n45, 133
rebellions/revolts
101, 130–132, 133
scholarship/scholars in
131
eastern scholars
127–129, 138
exchange of Islamic scholarship
124, 135–138
renaissance and end of renaissance
129–135, 138–139
western scholars
103, 124–127
Algeria
1, 77
ʿAlī b. Abī Shuʿayb (qādī)
62
ʿAlī b. Abī Sufyan
62
ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (4th Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, r. 656–661)
ʿahd of
80, 85–87, 93
application of inherited rules of
239
birthday
108
Companions of the Prophet and
26, 229n4, 332, 335
death
325, 368n26
enemies
364, 368n15
on imamate
27
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
352, 353, 354, 355, 361, 362
lineal descent/descendants from
1, 11, 17, 32, 34–35, 39, 62, 75, 142, 189, 191, 353–354
as Mahdī
325
prayers of
349
refutation of
229n4, 319, 331, 380, 381
right to imamate/as rightly guided imam
11, 14, 15, 322, 325, 331
succession of the Prophet
75, 108, 109, 112, 189, 229n4, 319, 325, 331, 333, 354, 393
taʾwīl and
251n7
titles
34, 354
wars by
322, 368
as wazīr/brother of the Prophet
39, 50–51, 50n13, 51n15, 90–91, 354
ʿAlid ashrāf (nobility)
363, 371
at Fatimid court
160, 163, 164, 172
in Ḥaramayn/Hijaz
389, 390, 391, 392
ʿAlī b. al-Faḍl
159
ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (4th Shīʿī Imam, r. 680–712)
325, 356
ʿAlī b. Khalaf (head of chancery)
50n13, 89, 212
ʿAlī b. Masʿūd b. Abiʾl Ḥusayn Zayn al-Mulk
159
ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Ṣulayḥī (Sultan of Yemen, Tihamah and Mecca, r. 1047–1066)
53, 402–403, 403
ʿAlī b. al-Nuʿmān (chief qāḍī)
65–66, 169
ʿAlī b. al-Sallār (Governor of Alexandria)
104
ʿAlī, Zāhid
12
allegorical interpretation
247, 263, 274, 275, 275n5, 282
taʾwīl
Almeria
370n32
Almohads
102, 138
Almoravids
131, 138
alms
400n37
payment of dues and alms to daʿwa
251–252, 271, 276, 280–282, 283, 284
Alp Arslān (Sultan of the Saljuk Empire, r. 1063–1072)
49, 391n3, 398, 403, 404
Alptakīn (Turkish military commander)
100, 117
Amalric (King of Jerusalem, r. 1163–1174)
1
al-ʿAmīdī (supervisor of chancery)
212
ʿĀmilī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn
202
al-Amīn (6th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 809–813)
139, 331
Amīn al-Dawla (title)
96
amīr al-juyūsh (Commander of the Armed Forces, title)
46, 51–52, 51n18, 53–54, 72, 73
al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1101–1130)
73
arts and sciences/patronage under
285
claims against imamate of
162, 343
observatory of
285, 292–293
popular festivals under
116
royal library of
147
sermons by
36, 36n43, 356, 357
Amīr al-Muʾminīn, al-Rāshid bi-Allāh see Abuʾl-Futūh Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar al-Ḥasanī
amīrs
appointment of
87, 104, 392
in Hijaz
389, 401
payment of
401, 403
role in festivals/processions
162
ʿAmmār ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī al-Ḥusayn al-Kalbī (military commander, d. 958)
98
ʿAmmār b. Jaʿfar
349
ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs (Governor of Egypt, d. 664)
322, 359, 367, 380
ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ Mosque (Old Mosque, Fustat)
117, 342
anarchy
130
al-Anbār (Iraq)
340, 346
al-Andalus/Andalusians
99, 124, 335, 364, 369, 370n32, 371, 374
Umayyad Caliphate/Umayyads
scholars
129, 150, 293
[al-]Ṭurṭūshī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad
animals, in processions
158, 159, 349, 350
Anṣār
34, 352, 386
anthropomorphism/anthropomorphists
304, 305, 310, 321
Antioch
221, 237
ants, speech of the
265
al-Anwar Mosque (Cairo)
117, 158, 160
apologies, on imamate
32–33
appointment decrees see decrees
ʿaql see reason/reasoning
al-Aqmar Mosque (Cairo)
117
al-Aqrāniyūn Church (Damyetta)
236n19
al-Aqwāl al-dhahabiyya (“The Golden Sayings”, al-Kirmānī)
33, 317, 332
Arabia/Arabs
1, 48, 77, 128, 390
Ḥijaz
Arabic literature
146, 194, 210, 211, 212, 217, 283, 303–304
Arabs
98, 99, 104, 236, 268, 325, 353, 397, 398n24
ʿArafat
255
ʿArīb b. Saʿd
384
Aristotelianism
192, 194, 197, 201
Aristotle
146, 194, 209, 214
Armenians
47, 101, 211
army
military campaigns/expeditions; military commanders
Armenians in
101
Berber tribes in
95, 99–103, 156, 352, 357, 384
Easterners in
96, 100
Egyptian
403
invocation in khuṭbas
34, 352, 357–358, 385–386
salutations
162
slaves in
105, 171, 395, 395n16
Arsensius (Melkite Metropolitan of Fustat and Cairo, later Patriarch of Alexandria)
177, 177n4, 178, 178n8, 286
Arts of the City Victorious (Johnathan M. Bloom)
3
Asad al-Dīn Shīrkūh (Fatimid wazīr, r. 1169)
52, 54, 55
Asadiyya (militia of Asad al-Dīn Shīrkūh)
52, 54
Asās al-taʾwīl (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
249
al-Asfār al-arbaʿa (“Transcendent Wisdom of the Four Journeys of the Intellect”, Mullā Ṣadrā)
203
Aṣḥāb al-kisāʾ (Companions of the Cloak)
354–356
al-Ashʿarī, ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl (d. 935–936)
200, 321
Ashʿarites/Ashʿarīs
137, 138, 189, 336
ʿĀshūrāʾ (Shīʿī festival)
107, 108, 109–110, 111–112
al-ʿAsqalānī, Ibn Ḥajar see Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
astrology
202, 288, 289–290
astronomical tables (zījs)
286, 292, 293, 294, 295
astronomy/astronomers
144, 168, 169, 171, 172, 213, 285, 287, 288, 290, 292
Ibn Yūnus, Abuʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī; [al-]Ṭabarānī, Abuʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl
Aswan (Egypt)
48, 291
ʿAtāb/ʿAnāb b. Sabāʾ (physician of al-Ḥakim)
225
al-ʿAtakī/Ghatakī/ʿItakī
329
atheism/atheists
260, 331
ʿAtīq b. ʿImrān (Maghribi qāḍī)
131
authority
of dāʿīs/chief dāʿīs
56, 74, 75, 76, 81, 81–85, 163, 191
delegation of
90
esotericism based on reason vs.
260, 261–272
hierarchy of spiritual
296, 298, 299
of imams/imam-caliphs
13, 20–21, 26, 27, 29–31, 57n6, 79, 86, 155, 174, 190, 191, 261, 274, 330
of qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs
56, 59, 65, 75, 76, 81
ʿAwfiyya (government sponsored madrasa, Alexandria)
129n16, 136, 138, 138–139
ʿAydhab (Red Sea port)
405
ayyām al-shidda (economic crisis, 1066–1074)
143, 157, 157n9, 215–216, 402–403
Ayyubids
124
adoption of Shīʿī festivals
108
dispersion of Fatimid libraries
144, 147–148, 217, 218n22
scholarship under
139
Azāriqa (sect, branch of Kharijites)
321–322, 380, 385, 386–387
al-Azdī, Abū ʿAlī Sanad b. ʿImān (d. 1146)
126–127, 127n10, 135
al-Azhar Mosque (Cairo)
113, 114, 117, 145, 226n27, 232, 291
al-ʿAziz bi-llāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 975–996)
63, 65, 66, 120, 176
arts and sciences/patronage under
286, 288
concubine of
175, 176–177, 178–179, 178n7, 286
death
95, 179
dhimmīs under
228
extravagance/lavishness at court
156
invocation in khutbās (sermons)
344, 362, 391
involvement of Easterners in government and army
96, 100
offspring
166, 175
Sitt al-Mulk
physicians of
212–213
pilgrimage caravan to Mecca
391, 391n3, 392n5
popular festivals under
113, 115
pronouncements of
208
recognition in Hijaz
391
royal library/librarians of
142–143, 143, 211, 215
transition of power to/guardianship of al-Ḥākim
95–96, 98–99, 179, 181
wazīrs of
49–50, 164, 208
al-ʿAzīzī, Baltakīn
392
al-ʿAziz Uthman (Sultan of Egypt, r. 1193–1198)
136
Bādīs b. Zīrī
391n3
bāb al-abwāb (head of daʿwa), chief dāʿī vs.
63–64, 63n28, 75, 76
Bādis ibn al Manṣūr (Zīrid ruler, r. 996–1016)
181n20
Badr al-Dawla (eunuch)
120
Badr al-Jamālī see [al-]Jamālī, Badr
Bāghāya uprising (969)
388
Baghdad
book production/trade in
80, 143, 214, 216
capture of (1058)
1, 71, 344
daʿwa in
209
scholars in
125, 128, 137, 138, 193, 199, 201
wine trade
333
Bahāʾ al-Dawla (Buyid amīr of Iraq, r. 988–1012)
78, 165, 334, 334n33, 340
Bahāʾ al-Dawla Muẓaffar (master of the royal parasol)
401
Bahrām (Christian wazīr of Fatimids)
228n3
al-Bakrī (Spanish geographer)
405
Banū ʿAwf
138–139
Banū Ḥasan
392, 395n16
Banū Kilāb
236
Banū Qurra
181n20, 236
Banū Rustum see Rustamids
baptism see Epiphany
al-Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr (d. 1013)
32, 334, 340
Barjawān al-Ustādh (eunuch/caretaker of al-Ḥākim, d. 1000)
97, 120, 179, 238, 393
Barqa
64n32, 181
al-Basāsīrī (amīr, d. 1060)
71, 344
al-Bāshā, Ḥasan
226
Basra
125, 128, 209, 397
al-Batāʾiḥī (Fatimid wazīr)
81n11
bāṭin (inner meaning)
248
ẓāhir (literal wording) vs./and
247, 257–258, 260, 266, 272, 274, 312, 320–321
Battle of the Camel (656)
368n13
Bayhasiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
Baynaʾl-Qaṣrayn (Cairo)
117
al-Baysānī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm
136
Bedouins
62n25, 395, 397
beings, classes of
320
believer (concept)
75
belvederes
113, 114
Ben Ezra synagogue (Cairo)
231
Berber tribes
95, 99
Kutāma Berbers
Beyond the Qurʾan (David Hollenberg)
248
Bidaʿiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
Bilbays (Egypt)
178, 179
Biobibliography of Ismāʿīlī Literature (Ismail Poonawala)
33, 141, 141n3–4
Birkat al-Ḥabash
114
Birkat Rusays
289
blessings, in khuṭbas (Friday sermons)
34–36, 353–358, 360, 386
Bloom, Jonathan M.
3
Bohra Ṭayyibī
207
Bonner, Michael
2
book collection see libraries
book copying/production
147, 150, 206, 207–214, 288
Dār al-ʿIlm
by dāʿīs/role of daʿwa in
140–141, 148–151, 207
circulation of works
208–209
conformity with Fatimid Ismaili doctrine
208–209, 290
sponsorship of
140, 206, 216, 290
survival of works
208, 217–218, 218n22
book trade
143, 147, 214, 216, 291
Bora, Fozia
218n22
Brett, Michael
3, 46n2, 96n3
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (d. 870)
150
Bū Shanūda Church (Fustat)
233, 236n19
Buyid Dynasty/Buyids
49, 55, 66n43, 340, 390
Byzantine Empire/Byzantines
battle for Sicily
98
emigration of Christians to
221, 237
Fatimid-Byzantine relations
344
Muslim congregation in
344
treaty on invocation of imam-caliphs in khuṭbas
344
Cairo
advent of Badr al-Jamālī
47, 48
belvederes
114
Dār al-ʿIlm
140, 145–146
daʿwa
209, 210
dhimmīs in
229
foundation/construction
1, 171, 220
madrasas
139
Melkites in
177
mosques
65, 111, 113, 114, 117, 145, 226n27, 232, 291
move of al-Muʿizz/Caliphate to (973)
65, 99, 100, 109, 157, 176, 213, 372
popular festivals
110, 111, 117
qāḍīs
41, 66, 67
scholarship/scholars
125, 127, 128
Westerners (Maghāriba) in
95, 99, 102
Cairo Geniza
231
Caliph of Cairo (Paul E. Walker)
5
caliphs
listing of caliphs in sermons
36
Sunnī vs. Shīʿī
78
Canard, Marius
107
caravans see pilgrimage caravans
censorship
148n21, 149
ceremonies
161–162,
festivals; processions
Ceuta (North African port city)
131
chanceries
documents produced by
88–89, 212
staff and supervision of
93, 212
“Chapter on Satan” (Abū Tammām)
319–326, 380–381
chargers
221, 222, 226, 227
chief judges see qāḍīs al-quḍāt
children, capturing of
381
Christian festivals
118–119, 118n26
Epiphany; Nawrūz
ban on
243
excesses at
121–122
participation of Muslims in
120–121, 243
Christianity/Christians
churches; dhimmīs
conversion to Islam
234, 237–238, 240
courtiers/in government service
93, 118n26, 165, 170, 172, 173, 234–235, 240, 240n23
daʿwa and
256–257
dress code for
228, 228n3, 232, 233, 237, 243
emigration of
221
physicians
164, 170–171, 172–173, 212–213, 286, 287–288
under al-Ḥākim
184, 228, 233–234, 238
Christmas
243
churches
in Alexandria
178, 178n8
decoration of
231
destruction and looting of
229, 230, 231–232, 233, 236–237, 236–237n19, 237n20, 239, 240, 243, 344
rebuilding of
238
right to church endowments
237, 238, 240
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem)
178n7, 231–232, 237, 344
Church of Marat Maryam (Damyetta)
237n19
Church of Mary al-Qanṭara (Fustat)
236n19
Church of Mary Constantine (Damyetta)
236n19
Church of Our Lady (Damascus)
237, 237n19
clerks
224
al-Jarjarāʾī, ʾAlī b. Aḥmad
Christian
234–235, 240
literary production by
212
coins/coinage
46, 49, 74, 101, 119, 338, 352, 372–373, 395
mint
colors, political allegiance and
341, 342, 344, 392, 404
Commander of the Believers (title)
34
Commander of Commanders (Qāʾid al-Quwwād, title)
220, 222–223, 225, 226
Companions of the Cloak (Aṣḥāb al-kisāʾ)
354–356
Companions of the Prophet see Ṣaḥāba
Constantinople
176, 177, 344
conversion
of dhimmīs to Islam
228, 234, 237–238, 240
signaling conversion in khuṭbas (sermons)
338, 339
to Ismaili Shiism
98, 100, 384
of women to Islam
251–252
Coptic festivals see Nawrūz
Corbin, H.
313
Cordoba, caliphate of
369, 370
Umayyad Caliphate/Umayyads
cosmology
207, 209
coups
allegedly planned coup by Sitt al-Mulk
179–180, 181, 183
military
165, 174
courts/courtiers
155
social elites
court sittings/audiences
162–164
extravagance/lavishness at courts
156–157, 172–173
religious affiliation of courtiers
164–165
creation
195–196, 198, 296
crosses
public display of
232, 233, 234, 235, 242, 243
as symbol
256–257
Crusades/Crusaders
1, 135, 135n30
curses/cursing
comparison of Umayyads to Zaqqūm/Accursed Tree
331, 335, 364, 369, 370n32
in khuṭbas (sermons)
345, 353, 354, 358–360, 367–368, 384–385
of Ṣaḥāba (Companions of the Prophet)
392–393
Daʿāʾim al-islām (“Pillars of Islam”, Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
26–29, 80, 243
access to/availability of
64, 149, 208
ḥadīth in
27, 349n25–26
Dachraoui, Farhat
61n18,n20, 374
Daftary, Farhad
12–13
Ḍaḥḥākiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
dāʿīs (missionaries)
daʿwas
appointment of/decrees of appointment for
39, 40, 87, 91
book production
140–141, 207
daʿwa literature
duties and authority
22–24, 74, 76, 81–85, 163
khaṭībs (preachers) vs.
347
knowledge of natural sciences
295–299
qualifications and virtues of
81–82, 83, 146
dāʿīs al-duʿāt (chief dāʿīs)
daʿwas
appointment of/decrees of appointment
67, 68, 71, 91
attire
56
bāb al-abwāb vs.
63–64, 63n28, 75, 76
combined office of chief qāḍī, wazīr and
67, 70, 73, 75
duties and authority
56, 67, 69, 74, 75, 76, 81, 163, 191
literary production
68–69
Damascus
68, 88, 100
churches
237, 237n19
madrasas
218n22
scholars
128, 136
Damyetta (Egypt)
47, 65, 132, 236n19
al-Dānī, Umayya b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abiʾl-Ṣalt see Abuʾl-Ṣalt
Dār al-ʿIlm (“House of Learning”, Cairo)
140, 145–146, 216
daughters
women
of imam-caliphs
166, 167
Rāshida bt. al-Muʿizz; Sitt al-Mulk
daʿwa literature
taʾwīl
access to/availability of
148–151, 207, 208, 248, 260–261, 271–272, 276, 281, 283–284
corpus and authors
207, 209, 283–284
natural sciences in
295–299
works on imamate
25–31
daʿwas (missions)
dāʿīs; dāʿīs al-duʿāt; taʾwīl
admission to,
novices
253, 276, 277, 318
oaths of covenant
253, 254, 256, 276–280, 318
reading curricula
140, 148, 148n21, 318–319
censorship of enemies
317
Christianity and
256–257
in earliest Maghrib phase
63–64, 75
in Hijaz
401
knowledge transmission
272, 273–274
payment of dues and alms to access and interpret knowledge
251–252, 271, 276, 280–282, 283, 284
sessions of knowledge (majālis)
145, 216, 272, 276–277
in later Egypt phase
69, 70, 71, 75
license/conditions for teaching doctrine
251, 251n9
open debates with opponents
336
polemics in program of
318–319
ranks and authority of and within
57, 59, 69, 75, 76, 81, 256, 272, 276
relation with judiciary
56, 59, 67, 74, 75
role/purpose
56, 81
royal/public libraries and
140–141, 216
scientists and
285, 294
secrecy in operations
81, 148, 205, 207, 248, 257, 260, 276, 278, 283, 336–337
in Syria
295
women in
250
works on
22–24
Dawr Kutāma fī taʾrīkh al-khilāfa al-fāṭimiyya mundhu taʾsīsihi ilā muntaṣaf al-qarn al-khāmis al-hijrī (Musa Laqbal)
99n9
Daylamites/Daylamis
96, 103, 162
decrees (sijillāt)
of appointment/investiture
46, 78, 87–93
amīrs
87, 104, 392
Commander of Commanders (Qāʾid al-Quwwād)
222
dāʿīs/chief dāʿīs
39, 40, 67, 71, 87, 91
heads of maẓālim courts
40, 62–63, 87, 91–92
khaṭībs (preachers)
347–348
professorship
92–93, 127
qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs
39, 40, 61, 62, 65, 66, 68, 74n72, 87, 88
wazīrs
39, 46, 50, 50n13, 51, 52, 54–55, 87, 90, 96
on imamate
38–41
on safety
234
on writing texts/producing books
140, 150
devils
320
dhimmīs (protected, non-Muslim people)
conversion to Islam
228, 234, 237–238, 240
covenants/pacts between rulers and
241–242
destruction of houses of worship of
233, 236–237, 237n20, 238, 239, 240
emigration of
221, 237
(motives for) persecution and reversal of restriction policies
228, 237–243
protection and tolerance of
228, 238
sumptuary laws and restrictions against
228, 231–236
Christians; Jews
association with Pact of ʿUmar
230, 239, 241–242
ban on having Muslim servants
232
ban on riding horses
232, 236, 242
church decoration/public display of religious symbols
231, 232, 233, 235, 242
dress codes/markers
228, 228n3, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 242, 243
observing religious holidays
232
permission to spy and report on violations of rules
233
petition for pardon to al-Ḥākim
233–234
replacement by Muslims in government positions
234–235, 240
al-Dhuhlī, Abū Ṭāhir (qāḍī)
64–65
Dhuʾl-Kalāʿ (Abū Sharāḥīl al-Ḥumayrī)
368
disparity (tafāwut)
19–20
diwāns (bureaus)
87, 88, 162, 240
chanceries
Dodds, E.R.
306, 307
drinking parties
155, 164, 170–173, 174, 286, 287–288
drought
401, 402
Druze
68, 69, 230, 242, 332
dues, payment of dues and alms to daʿwa
251–252, 271, 276, 280–282, 283, 284
dynasties
empires vs.
1–2
fall of
108
Easterners (Mashāriqa)
in Egypt
100
origins of
100
scholars
127–129
Westerners (Maghāriba) vs.
96–99, 100
economic crisis (ayyām al-shidda, 1066–1074)
143, 157, 157n9, 215–216, 402–403
Egypt
Alexandria; Cairo; Fustat
advent of Badr al-Jamālī (1074)
47–48, 53, 71, 72, 130–131, 174, 211, 404
army
99–103, 403
book collection and literary production
206, 211
dāʿīs/chief dāʿīs in
69, 210
economic and food crisis
402, 403
festivals
107, 109, 118n26
invasions/conquests of,
conquest by Fatimids (969)
1, 77, 98, 100, 206, 220, 342, 391
first (914–915) and second (919) Fatimid invasions
359, 366, 367, 390
invasion by Saljuks
48
al-Mahdī’s travel from Syria to
141–142, 214
Mālikī school in
137
migration to
103–104, 105, 106, 131, 132, 401
move of al-Muʿizz/Caliphate to (973)
63, 65, 75, 98, 99, 100, 109, 157, 213, 372, 391–392
qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs in
61, 64–67, 66, 75
Westerners (Maghāriba) vs. Easterners (Mashāriqa) in
95, 96–98, 99, 100
works on
56, 99
Elements of Theology (Proclus)
306
elites see social elites
emanation (inbaʿatha)
198
Empedocles
301n4
The Empire of the Mahdi (Heinz Halm)
2
empires, dynasties vs.
1–2
engineers
293
Enneads (Plotinus)
194, 301n4, 304
Epiphany (Festival of Baptism)
107, 118n26, 119, 232, 243
esotericism
bāṭin; taʾwīl
based on reason vs. authority
260, 261–272
Ismailis vs. mainstream Islam
247–248
esoteric knowledge
access to and availability of,
by general public
273–274
by imams
274
by persons who reason skillfully
262, 273
teaching of
262
techniques for guarding and restricting
273–284
by oaths of covenant
276–280, 283, 284
by payment of dues and alms
251–252, 271, 276, 280–282, 283, 284
essence
190, 203–204
eunuchs, Master Eunuch of the Master Eunuchs (Ustādh al-Ustādhīn, title)
222–223, 225
ewers see rock crystal ewer
Executors (Awṣiyāʿ)
255n11
exegesis see tafsīr; taʾwīl
existence
203–204
of God
204, 306–307
unity of (waḥdat al-wujūd, concept)
203
Exploring an Islamic Empire: Fatimid History and Its Sources (Paul E. Walker)
2
external meaning see ẓāhir
extravagance at courts
108, 156–157, 181, 184–185
Faḍl b. Ṣāliḥ (general and wazīr)
163, 164, 172
Fahd b. Ibrāhīm (Christian clerk)
120
al-Fāʾiz bi-Naṣr Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1154–1160)
217
Fakhr al-Mulk (Buyid wazīr of Baghdad)
15, 149, 266, 284
al-Fākihī (d.c. 885–892)
115–116
falconry
211
famine
400, 401, 402
al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr (d.c. 950)
192, 197
al-Faramā (Egypt)
65
al-Farghānī, Ḥasan see [al-]Akhram
al-Fāriqī, ʿAbd al-Ḥākim b. Saʿīd (chief qāḍī)
69–70
al-Fāriqī, Abuʾl-Faraj (qāḍī)
70
al-Fāriqī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥākim b. Saʿīd (chief qāḍī)
71
al-Fāriqī family
170, 174
al-Fāriqī, Mālik b. Saʿīd (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī, d. 1014)
66–67, 115, 170
execution by al-Ḥākim
67, 67n48, 181–182, 182n21, 227
role of descendents in judiciary
70, 170
al-Fāriqī, Saʿīd b. Mālik (father of Mālik b. Saʿid and tutor of al-Ḥākim, d. 1001)
170
al-Fāriqī, Saʿīd b. Saʿīd (brother of Mālik b. Saʿīd and tutor of al-Ḥākim, d.c. 1000/1001)
67n48
fast-breaking see ʿīd festivals
Fatḥ b. Yaḥyā (leader of Masālta)
382, 383
Fāṭima bt. Muḥammad
35, 355–356, 392
Fatimid Caliphate
decline and abolishment
1, 73, 75, 108
genealogy/lineage
34–35, 149, 166–167
naming of
357–358
origins/foundation/rise
1, 2, 58, 77, 95, 156, 280, 388
population
77, 108, 174, 346
size of empire
1
The Fatimid Empire (Michael Brett)
3
Fatimid History and Ismaili Doctrine (Paul E. Walker)
5
Fatimid studies
2–7
Feast of the Cross
232
female rulers see Sitt al-Mulk
festivals (Egypt)
107
ʿĀshūrāʾ; Epiphany (Festival of Baptism); Four Nights of Lighting; Ghadīr Khumm; ʿīd festivals; Nawrūz (Coptic New Year); processions
Christian
107, 118–119, 118n26
khuṭbas at
348–350, 351, 352, 366–368
Shīʿī
107, 108–109
state-promoted/public
107–108, 109
Fierro, Maribel
124n2, 357
fiqh (jurisprudence)
59, 92, 144, 149
madhhabs
first intellect
198, 199
First of the Year Festival (mawsim awwal al-ʿām)
107–108
Florence, Pitti Palace
219, 220, 221
Forgotten Queens of Islam (Fatima Mernissi)
176
Foundation (Asās)
251, 251n7, 255, 255n11
Four Nights of Lighting (Muslim festival)
107, 113–118
Fuḍayliyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
Fürstenspiegel see mirrors for princes
Fustat
162, 294, 389
belvederes
114
burning and looting of
182
churches
233, 236n19, 237
dhimmīs
229
khuṭbas delivered in
342
Melkites
177
mosques
65, 109, 110, 117, 223, 342
popular festivals
109, 117, 119
qāḍīs
41, 64, 66
scholars
213, 221
Galen
301n4
Germanisches Museum (Nuremberg)
219
Ghabn (eunuch and “Qāʾid al-Quwwād”, “Commander of Commanders”)
career and downfall
223–224
charger attributed to
221, 222, 226, 227
corporal punishments and death
220, 224–225, 227
(decree of) appointments
222, 223
gifts from al-Ḥākim to
220, 221, 225–226
origins
223
relation with al-Ḥākim
224, 225
rock crystal ewer attributed to
220, 226, 227
titles
220, 221, 222–223, 225
Ghadīr Khumm (Shīʿī festival)
108–109, 110–111, 112
Ghāliya (sect)
321, 325
al-Ghazālī (d. 1111)
137–138, 205, 300
ghiyār (badge)
228, 228n3, 232, 235, 237, 243
Ghulāt sects
317, 336
Ghuzz/Oghuz Turks
103
Glaber, Rodulfus
178n7
Gnostic mythology
302
God
acts/actions of
323
as cause
308, 308n27
cognizance/existence of
306–307, 311, 311n39
creation
195–196, 198, 296
God-fearing piety
81
God’s/divine command between intellect and
196, 201
knowledge of
323
Neoplatonic/unknowable
197, 300, 302, 305, 306–307, 312–313
Oneness of/tawḥīd
302–303, 302n5, 304, 307, 308, 309, 313, 334
power vs. force of
308
tanzīh (removing all association from God)
309, 310–311
tashbīh (trying to understand God by analogy and comparison)
304, 305, 310
as a thing
196, 309, 310, 324n9
transcendence of
195, 308, 308n27, 310, 312
unio mystica
306, 307
will of
323
governance
6, 81–83, 198, 269, 333
government services
Christians in
93, 118n26, 165, 170, 172, 173, 234–235, 240, 240n23
offices and ranks
162
prominent families in
169–170
religious affiliation and
164–165
royal family in
165
Westerners (Maghāriba) vs. Easterners (Mashāriqa) in
96, 99, 100
al-Guyūshī (oratory, Muqaṭṭam)
52
ḥadīth
136
on adherence to imamate
27
on ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālīb
34
on attire of imams at festivals
349n25
collection and (chains of) transmission of
128, 129, 134
on Israelites
319
on khuṭbas
351, 351n33
Proponents of Ḥadīth
334n35
on sects
320
on Umayyads
369–370
Ḥadīthiyya (sect)
321, 322
al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh (Caliph-Imam of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1132–1149)
astronomers of
292
attempt to transfer Prophet’s remains to Cairo
406
claim on imamate by Nizārīs
101–102
madrasas under
92, 127
succession of al-Āmir
109, 112
Ḥafiẓiyya (government sponsored madrasa, Alexandria)
92, 127, 129, 129n16, 136
Ḥafṣiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
ḥajj see pilgrimage
al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf
368
al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 996–1021)
appointments/decrees by
41–42, 49–50, 67–68, 104, 171, 392–393
arts and sciences/patronage under
144–145, 202, 288, 291
astronomy
213, 286, 289, 294
Dār al-ʿIlm
140, 145–146, 216
scholarship
192, 209, 249, 266, 331
asceticism of
157, 157n8, 182
attempt to transfer Prophet’s remains to Cairo
390, 393n10, 405, 406
bans and restrictions under,
dhimmīs
alcohol and food
173, 229, 288
movement of women
182, 184, 229
popular festivals
113
royal family
168–169
on Companions of the Prophet
332, 392–393
corporal punishments and executions by
185–186, 291, 394–395
Barjawān
238
al-Fāriqī
67, 67n48, 181–182, 182n21, 227
Ghabn
220, 224–225, 227
al-Ḥusayn b. Jawhar and ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Nuʿmān
222
Ibn Hāshim
168–169
al-Jarjarāʾī
51n17
al-ʿUkbarī
288–289
court/courtiers
162, 219–220, 222
astronomers
286, 287, 288
extravagance/lavishness at court
157, 181, 184–185
physicians
163, 164, 170–171, 172–173, 225, 286, 287–288
physicists
290–291
daʿwa under
74, 80, 209, 277
disappearance/murder
69, 175, 182, 183–184, 185–187, 239, 291, 332
Sitt al-Mulk
enthronement and guardianship
95–96, 98–99, 166, 179, 181
Sitt al-Mulk
finances under
184–185
gifts to/from
181, 181n20, 220, 221, 225–226
inheritance
168
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
36, 357, 389, 396, 398
mental state
239
mother of
176, 178n7
offspring
166, 167, 168, 172
persecution,
dhimmīs
of astrologers
288–290
destruction of houses of worship
178, 178n8, 184, 228, 231, 236–237, 236–237n19, 238, 239, 240, 243
recognition
21, 149, 339
as designated and infallible imam/validation of imamate
14, 15, 16, 238–239, 333, 369, 379
in Mecca
394–395, 398
Abuʾl-Futūh Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar al-Ḥasanī
refutations during reign of
32–33
removal of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq’s possessions to Cairo
389–390, 394, 405
sermons by
96, 349–350
Halm, Heinz
2–3, 13, 46n2, 55n34, 161
Hamārē Ismāʿīlī madhhab (Zāhid ʿAlī)
12
Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ (later Abū ʿAlī Ḥasan b. Aḥmad, Bāb, d. 933)
63–64, 67
Ḥamza b. ʿAlī (Druze prophet, d.c. 1021)
69
Hanafī school/Hanafīs
59
converts to Ismailism
60
Mālikī school vs.
58, 60
qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs
68, 68n50, 346
Ḥanbalī school/Hanbalīs
68n50
ḥaqāʾiq (truths/ultimate realities)
283
Ḥaramayn
Madina; Mecca
ʿAlid ashrāf in
389, 390, 391, 392
jurisdiction over/control of
389, 390, 398, 403–405, 406
qāḍīs in
66
Ḥarb b. Umayya
328, 372
al-Ḥārūnī al-Ḥasanī see Abuʾl-Ḥasan al-Muʾayyad biʾllāh Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn b. Hārūn
Hārūn al-Rashīd (5th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 786–809)
65, 139
al-Ḥasan b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī b. Salāma see Ibn al-ʿŪrīs
Ḥasanak Mīkālī (Iranian statesman, d. 1032)
398
al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī (2nd Shīʿī Imam, 661–670)
imamate of
11, 265, 325, 331, 355
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
35–36, 355, 356
lineal descendants of
191, 390
al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī al-Husayn al-Kalbī (Fatimid governor of Sicily, d. 964)
98
Ḥasan b. Rajāʾ b. Abiʾl-Ḥasan
159
al-Ḥasan b. Zayd b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī
109
al-Ḥasanī, ʿĪsa b. Jaʿfar see ʿĪsa b. Jaʿfar al-Ḥasanī
al-Ḥasanī, Abuʾl-Futūḥ Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar see Abuʾl-Futūḥ Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar al-Ḥasanī
al-Ḥasanī, Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad see Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad al-Ḥasanī
Hashīm b. ʿAbd Manāf (3rd Chief Leader of the Quraysh, d.c. 497)
328, 372
Ḥashwiyya (extreme literalist doctrine)
334, 334n35
Ḥassān b. Mufarrij b. Daghfal b. al-Jarrāḥ
395, 396
Hawāshim dynasty
403
Ḥāwī al-funūn wa salwat al-maḥzūn (Ibn al-Ṭahhān)
212
Hawsam (Rudsar, Gilan, Iran)
333, 334, 379
Ḥawshab b. Ṭakhma al-Alhānī Dhū Ẓulaym
368, 368n22
heavenly spheres
248, 298
intellects of
197, 198
Heijer, Johannes den
46n2, 55n34
Heresy and the Politics of Community: The Jews of the Fatimid Caliphate (Marina Rustow)
3
Hibat Allāh b. ʿAbd allāh b. Kāmil (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī)
73
Hibat Allāh b. Aḥmad (deputy of ʿAbd al-Samīʿ b. ʿUmar al-ʿAbbāsī)
342
hidden imams
191, 255n10, 353, 356, 357, 362
Qāʾim (Messiah)
hierarchy, of spiritual authority
296, 298, 299
Hijaz
amīrs
389, 401
dependence on Fatimid support
389, 390, 401, 402, 403, 405
famine
400, 401, 402
jurisdiction over/control of
389, 390, 395, 406
migration to Egypt
401
military expeditions to
391n3, 392, 392n5
recognition of/loyalty to Fatimid imamate
390–392, 404
revolt of Abuʾl-Futūh (1010–11)
390, 395–396, 402
Hippocrates
150, 294
Hirschler, Konrad
218n22
Ḥishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik (10th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, r. 724–743)
370n31
histories
213–214
Ittiʿāẓ al-ḥunafāʾ (al-Maqrīzī); al-Musabbiḥī, al-Mukhtār ʿIzz al-Mulk Muḥammad
History (al-Ṭabarī)
142, 144, 215
History of Mecca (al-Fākihī)
115
History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church (Michael, Coptic Bishop of Tinnis)
230
History (Yaḥyā of Antioch)
220, 220–221, 222, 230
Hollenberg, David
248–249
holy cities see Ḥaramayn; Madina; Mecca
horses
in army
97
ban for dhimmīs to ride
232, 236, 242
as gift
96, 181, 223, 400
in processions/parades
158, 159, 222, 223, 349, 350, 395n17
Ḥudhayfa b.al-Yamān
319
Ḥujr b. ʿAdī (Companion of the Prophet, d. 660)
368n18
Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī (3rd Shīʿī Imam, r. 670–680)
imamate of
11, 265, 325, 355
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
35–36, 355, 356
lineal descendants
191, 333, 335, 379, 392, 392n8
mourning of
109
opponents
368n14
Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī Ibn Dawwās (Kutāma chieftain)
185–187
al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. al-Nuʿmān (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī, d. 1004)
39, 40–42, 66, 67, 169–170
al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan al-Bāzyār (wazīr)
163, 164
al-Ḥusayn b. Jawhar (wāsiṭa and al-Qāʾid al-Quwwād, “Commander of Commanders”)
attribution of rock crystal ewer to
219–220, 221, 221–222, 223, 227
background
221–222
drinking party
171–173
execution
220, 222
al-Ḥusayn b. Ṭāhir al-Wazzān (wāsiṭa)
163, 227, 234
Ibāḍīs/Ibāḍiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
doctrine
377, 378, 381, 382
elimination of Ibāḍī imamate by AbūʿAbdallāh al-Shī ʿī
382–383
Ibāḍī sources of information
383n16, 387–388
imamate
378, 380
internal quarrels
388
refutation of
6, 369, 377, 378, 387
revolts by
378n4, 384, 385, 388
“L‘ibadisme maghreébin en contexte fatimide” (Cyrille Aillet)
387–388
al-Ibāna ʿan sariqāt al-Mutanabbī (al-ʿAmīdī)
212
al-ʿIbānī, Aflaḥ b. Hārūn (dāʿī)
61n18, 250
Ibn ʿAbbād, al-Ṣāḥib
78
Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr
136
Ibn ʿAbd al-Qawī b. al-Jalīs (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī)
74
Ibn ʿAbdūn (wāsiṭa)
240n23
Ibn Abiʾl-ʿAwwām (chief qāḍī, d. 1027)
66–67, 68, 69, 158, 346n18
Ibn Abiʾl-ʿAysh (qāḍī)
293
Ibn Abī Hāshim
404
Ibn Abiʾl-Minhāl (qāḍī)
65–66
Ibn Abī Ṭayyiʾ
143–144
Ibn Abī ʿUṣaybīʿa
146, 147, 148, 177n4, 286, 288
Ibn ʿAmmār, Abū Muḥammad
109, 110
Ibn ʿAmmār, al-Ḥasan (senior commander and wāsiṭa)
95–99
Ibn ʿAmmār (qāḍī of Alexandria)
133
Ibn Anas al-Dawla (sharīf)
112
Ibn al-ʿArabī, Abū Bakr (d. 1148)
137
Ibn al-ʿArabī (d. 1240)
203
Ibn al-Athīr
131n18, 353, 378n4
Ibn ʿAwf, Abū Ṭāhir
92, 127, 129, 129n16, 135, 136, 138, 139
Ibn Babūya al-Qūmī (teacher of al-Mufid)
199
Ibn Bajja (philosopher)
293
Ibn al-Baṭāʾiḥī (chief of staff of al-Afḍal)
293
Ibn al-Bawwāb (calligrapher)
144
Ibn al-Dawādārī
69n56
Ibn Diyāb (astronomer)
293
Ibn Duqmāq
225, 227
Ibn Fahd al-Makkī (Meccan historian)
391n3, 393n10, 395n16–17, 398, 398n24, 405
Ibn Ḥadīd (qāḍī of Alexandria, d. 1135)
133, 134, 135
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
64n31, 65, 68, 69n57, 164, 171
Ibn Ḥalabī (astronomer)
292, 293
Ibn al-Hāniʾ (d.c. 973)
31, 210
Ibn Ḥasdāi, Abū Jaʿfar Yūsuf b. Aḥmad
150–151, 150n28, 293–294
Ibn Hāshim (ʿAbd al-Aʿlā b. Hāshim b. al-Manṣūr)
168–169
Ibn Ḥawqal (d. after 978)
63
Ibn al-Haytham (dāʿī , b.c. 881–882)
conversations with Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī
146, 214, 381
on earliest experience in daʿwa
250, 277n8
on Fatimid court
156
on Ibāḍīs
381–382
on imamate
25–26
personal library of
146, 214–215
on qāḍīs
57–58, 58n7–8, 61n18
on Umayyads
370
Ibn al-Haytham (physicist, d.c. 1040)
213, 285, 290–291, 292, 293
Ibn ʿIdhārī (Sunnī historian)
345, 383, 396
Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (Sunnī historian, d. 1200)
340, 341, 346, 363, 394
Ibn al-Jazzār (student of Isaac Israeli)
285
Ibn Khaldūn (d. 1406)
108, 126, 403
Ibn Kharīṭa
169
Ibn Killis, Yaʿqūb (Fatimid wazīr, 979–991)
49–50, 51, 65, 70, 149–150, 208, 218n22
Ibn al-Mallāḥ (astronomer)
292
Ibn Mammatī
87
Ibn al-Maʾmūn, Jamāl al-Dīn Abū ʿAlī Mūsā (historian, d. 1192)
112, 112n13, 113, 159–160, 213
Ibn Mujāwir (d. 1204)
136
Ibn Muqla (calligrapher)
144
Ibn Mūsā al-Naṣrānī (astronomer)
292
Ibn al-Muslima (Abbasid wazīr)
49
Ibn al-Muyassar
48n6, 102n13, 213, 349n27
Ibn Naṣr (astronomer)
293
Ibn Nasturius (head financial officer)
95–96
Ibn al-Qalānisī
88, 102, 102n13
Ibn Qalāqis
211
Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʾ (ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar ʿAlī al-Shantarīnī, d. 1121)
106
Ibn Qirqa/Qaraqa (physician)
293
Ibn Qutayba (d. 889)
33, 317
Ibn Riḍwān (physician)
147, 213, 285, 290, 291
Ibn Rushd
262–263, 273
Ibn Saʿīd al-Maghribī
227
Ibn Sahl
374
Ibn al-Salār, al-ʿĀdil (Fatimid wazīr)
129
Ibn al-Ṣayrafī (head of Fatimid chancery, d. 1147)
89, 106n26, 212, 221
Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawānī (poet)
345
Ibn Sīnā
193, 197, 201, 202, 203, 205, 209, 311n39
Ibn Surayj (Shāfiʿī scholar, d. 918)
33, 317
Ibn Taghrī Birdī (Sunnī historian, d. 1470)
185, 340, 342, 363, 398
Ibn al-Ṭahhān
212
Ibn Ṭāhir al-Wazzān
163
Ibn Taymiyya
148, 205, 313, 314
Ibn Tūmart
102, 138
Ibn al-Ṭuwayr (d. 1220)
on army
103
on citing of imams in khuṭbas (sermons)
36, 357
on dāʿīs/daʿwa
74
on festivals
107–108, 113, 117
history by
213
on processions
160–161
on royal libraries
143–144
Ibn al-ʿŪrīs (al-Ḥasan b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī b. Salāma, chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī)
73, 74
Ibn Yūnus, Abuʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī (astronomer, d. 1009)
appearance and behavior
172, 287
astronomical tables (Zij)
213, 286
death
286, 289
sponsorship of
202, 213, 285, 288, 289
Ibn al-Ẓāhir (chronicler)
178, 394
Ibn Zūlāq
64n31, 109–110, 121, 213, 218n22
Ibrāhīm (“al-Jalīs”, tutor/boon-companion)
158–159
ʿīd festivals
112, 112n13, 160
ʿīd al-aḍḥā/īd al-naḥr (feast of sacrifice)
159, 344, 348
ʿīd al-fiṭr (fast-breaking festival)
158, 160, 161
khuṭbas (sermons) at
348–350, 352, 366–368
idol worshipers
304
Idrīs ʿImād al-Dīn
55n33, 63, 71–72n66, 378, 381, 394, 394n14–15
Ifrīqiya
99, 372
al-Iftikhār (“The Boast”, al-Sijistānī)
209, 301n2, 309n32, 313, 330
Iftitāḥ al-daʿwa (“Opening of the Appeal and Beginning of the State”, Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
208, 383
Iḥyāʾʿulūm al-dīn (“The Revification of Religious Sciences”, al-Ghazālī)
138
ijmāʿ (consensus)
317, 330, 336
ijtihād (interpretation)
317, 330, 336
taʿwīl
Ikhshidid dynasty
391
Ikhtilāf uṣūl al-madhāhib (“Disagreements of the Jurists”, Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
62, 62n24, 317, 329, 336
Illuminationism
203
Imāmīs/Imāmiyya (Twelver Shīʿa)
321
[al-]Mufīd, al-Shaykh; Mullā Ṣadrā; [al-]Ṭusī, Naṣīr al-Dīn
authority of/hidden imam
191, 325–326
courtiers
164
doctrine
199, 200
refutations of
317
scholarship/scholars
199
imamate
authority of
93
claims on, proof, legitimacy and recognition of
13, 15–16, 18, 34–35, 101–102, 369, 378
[al-]Maṣābīḥ fī ithbāt al-imāma
conditions for
12
daʿwa literature on
25–31
doctrine
189
Fatimid works on
13–25, 79
haḍīth on
27
imperial letters and decrees on
38–45
necessity of
14, 16
polemics, apologies and refutations
32–33
role, purpose and functions of
16–17, 19, 57n6
sermons on
33–38
Shiite position on
14, 17
“Das Imamate in der frühen ismailitischen Lehre” (Wilferd Madelung)
12
imams/imam-caliphs
acknowledgement of living
275–276
appointment of public positions by
38–44
at festivals,
attire
349, 349n25, 350
involvement in non-Islamic festivals
118n26
authority of
20–21, 330
application of inherited rules of the Prophet and ʿAlī
16, 239
delegation of authority
31, 50, 86, 90, 191, 275
Fatimid vs. non-Fatimid doctrine
11, 27, 44, 93–94, 191
religious vs. political
1, 13
rules for followers/believers
29–31
supreme/ultimate authority
57n6, 174, 190, 191, 261
waning of direct power
174
death of
11, 36–38
false imams/pretenders
18, 26, 29, 101–102, 131, 162, 333–383
hidden/concealed
191, 255n10, 353, 356, 357, 362
infallibility
16, 17, 42–43, 77, 79–80, 239, 261
in khuṭbas (sermons)/khuṭbas by see khuṭbas
knowledge and intellect of
191, 199, 274
offspring
166–167
poetry on
13, 31–32
qualifications and virtues
11, 17, 20, 21, 333, 371, 374n33
rightly guided/righteous
14–15, 28, 322, 356, 358, 365
role/purpose of
16–17, 18, 19, 24–25, 79, 83–84, 333
security at public events
352
similarity to Jesus
32
succession of,
Qāʾim (Messiah)
appointment/selection by people
27
designation
112, 165, 168, 333
lineage
11, 12, 13, 78–79, 155, 165
replacement of imams
165
imperial letters
38–39
India
398
inheritance
64, 69, 166, 167, 168
orphans
inner meaning see bāṭin
Inostrantsev, K.A.
107
Instiṣar (Ibn Duqmaq)
225
Institute of Ismaili Studies (London)
3
intellect
195, 196
reason/reasoning
Active Intellect
198, 199
chain/levels of intellects
197, 198
first
198, 199
God’s/divine command between God and
196
incarnation of
264
revelation and/vs.
194
second
198
single universal
195, 196, 197
intellectual tradition
definition
189, 191
Ismailis and making of Shīʿī
190–193
role of philosophy
204, 205
interpretive sciences
252, 280, 282
esoteric knowledge
Iran
210
[al-]Muʾayyad fiʾl-Dīn al-Shīrāzī; Mullā Ṣadrā; Naṣīr b. Khusraw; [al-]Sijistānī, Abū Yaʿqūb; [al-]Silafī, Abū Ṭāhir
scholars in/from
70, 124, 127, 128, 193, 207, 209, 249
Iraq
63, 178, 334n33, 340
Mālikī school
137
pilgrims from
389, 395, 396, 397, 398
al-ʿIrqī, Abū Yaʿlā Ḥamza b. al-Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad (chief qāḍī)
72n67
Isaac Israeli (Jewish physician of al-Mahdī)
285, 286
ʿĪsa b. Jaʿfar al-Ḥasanī (amīr of Mecca, c. 976/977)
390, 392
Isfahan, scholars in/from
127, 128
Ishāq b. Abiʾl-Minhāl (qāḍī)
60
Isḥāqiyya
336
al-Ishāra ilā man nāla al-wizāra (history of Fatimid wazīrs, Ibn al-Ṣayrafī)
221
Ishārāt (Ibn Sīnā)
202
Islamic law, observance of
57
Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar (6th Ismaili Imam, r. 702–762)
11, 15, 356, 365
Ismāʿīl b. al-Mustanṣir
101
The Ismāʿīlīs: Their History and Doctrines (Farhad Daftary)
12–13
Ismaili doctrine
taʾwīl
natural science and
295–299
Neoplatonism and
194, 300, 304
philosophy and/vs.
194, 205, 274–275, 301, 301n4, 303–304, 304
pre-Fatimid
12
secrecy of
260
Ismaili law
64, 149–150
Ismaili scholarship/scholars
190, 192, 194
[al-]Kirmānī, Ḥamīd al-Dīn; [al-]Sijistānī, Abū Yaʿqūb
Ismaili Shiism/Ismailis
Ṭayyibī Ismailis
authority of imams
191
conversion to Ismaili Shiism
98, 100, 384
in Fatimid Caliphate
1, 2, 77
festivals
110, 112
high level/government positions
57, 164–165
Mongol invasions and
201
opponents
326
promotion of Ismailism
216
qāḍīs
58, 59, 60, 61n18, 75
schisms
12, 75, 101–102, 108, 191
spread of
280–281
Ismaili (term)
11
Ismaili texts
audience
149
reading curricula
140, 148, 148n21, 318–319
in royal libraries
144
isnāds (chains of transmission)
128, 129
Isqīṭ monastery (Monastery of Abū Maqār, Maryut)
236
Israelites
319
al-Iṣṭakhrī, ʿAlī b. Saʿīd
32, 32n32
istidlāl (inference)
317, 330
istiḥsān (preference)
317, 330, 336
istiʿrāḍ doctrine
385
Ithbāt al-imāma (“Proof of the Imamate”, al-Naysābūrī)
18–22, 79
Ithbāt al-nubuwwāt (“Proof of Prophecy”, al-Sijistānī)
209, 297–298
Ittiʿāẓ al-ḥunafāʾ (al-Maqrīzī)
7n4, 66, 87, 112n11, 221, 230, 290, 349n27, 398
Jabāl/Jibāl (Iran)
379, 397
Jaʿfar II b. Yūsuf al-Kalbī (Tāj al-Dawla, amīr of Sicily, r. 998–1019)
104–106, 159
Jaʿfar (chamberlain of al-Mahdī)
156
Jaʿfarid/Sulaymānid Dynasty
390, 402
Jaʿfar b. Manṣūr al-Yaman
24n20, 207–208
Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad (amīr of Mecca, r. 967–980)
390
Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad (governor of Sicily, d. 985–6)
177, 177n6
Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq (6th Shīʿī Imam, r. 732–765)
followers and opponents of
26
on imamate
27–28
knowledge of
26, 142
lineal descent from/succession of
11, 13, 15, 325, 356
removal of possessions to Cairo
389–390, 394, 405
on sermons
351, 351n33
al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 868/869)
332
Jaḥmiyya (sect, branch of Qadariyya)
322–324
Jahm b. Ṣafwān
322, 323, 324n9
al-Jamālī, Badr (Fatimid military wazīr, r. 1074–1094)
101
advent in Egypt (1074)
47–48, 53, 71, 72, 101, 130–131, 174, 211, 404
arts and sciences/patronage under
131, 132, 211, 292
authority/power
53–54, 55, 72
building program for mosques and city walls
211
death and succession
132
decree of appointment
52
formal titles
46, 47, 48, 51–53, 55, 72, 72n68, 75
immigration of Westerners under
103, 131
inscriptions
52–53
international relations
131
military background/career
48–49
policy towards Hijaz
404, 405
policy towards travelers
131, 132
popular festivals under
116
rebellions against
130–131
Jamīla bt. Nāṣir al-Dawla Ibn Ḥamdān
397
al-Jannābī, Abū Saʿīd (Ruler of the Qarmatian State, d. 913)
379
al-Jarjarāʾī, ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad (Fatimid wazīr, r. 1027–1045)
51
authority
39, 70, 90
as clerk
224, 225
corporal punishment
51n17, 181, 224, 225
decree of appointment
39, 46, 50, 90
Jarrāḥids (Arab dynasty)
395, 396, 397
al-Jawdharī, Manṣūr al-ʿAzīzī
26
Jawhar (“al-Qāʾid”, Fatimid general, d. 992)
64, 99–100, 171, 220, 342, 349, 370n32
Jerusalem
325
conquest by crusaders
1, 135n30
destruction of Church of the Holy Sepulchre
178n7, 231–232, 237, 344
scholars in
135n30, 137
Jerusalemites (Maqādisa)
135
Jesus
251n7, 320
apostles of
34, 352, 386
Christian festivals
119
crucifixion
256
daʿwa and
256
similarity of imams to
32
spiritual power of
296, 297
Jews
178n7
dhimmīs
conversion to Islam
234
courtiers
165
dress code/appearance
228, 235, 243
festivals
118n26
persecution of
238
recognition of imams by
13
status and tolerance of
184, 228
Jidda/Jeddah
395
jihād
348
Jilānīs
162
Jīlān (region)
379
Jīza/Jazīra
223
John of Damascus
303n9
John Philoponus
303n9, 312n41
Joseph, as wazīr to Pharaoh
51, 90
judges see qāḍīs; qāḍīs al-quḍāt
judiciary
qāḍīs; qāḍīs al-quḍāt
in earliest Maghrib phase
57–61, 75
in later Egypt phase
64–67, 69–70, 71, 75
level of rank
57
prominent families in
70, 75
relation with daʿwa
56, 59, 67, 74, 75
Juljūlī, Ismāʿīl b. Salāma (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī)
73, 74
jurisprudence see fiqh
al-Juyūshī, Abū Manṣūr Sārtakīn
52n21
al-Juyūshī, Munīr al-Dawla (Governor of Syria)
52n21
al-Juyūshī, Nāṣir al-Dawla
52n21
al-Juyūshiyya (militia of Badr al-Jamālī)
52, 101, 103
Kaʿba
destruction
331
kiswa
392, 399, 400, 401, 402, 404
pilgrims/pilgrimage gifts
198, 395, 398
al-Kāfiyya (al-Kirmānī)
26
Kahak (village near Qum)
203
Kalbids
95, 98, 104
Ibn ʿAmmār, al-Ḥasan
Kalifen und Assassinen (Heinz Halm)
3
Die Kalifen von Kairo (Heinz Halm)
2–3
al-Kāmil fiʾl-taʾrikh (Ibn al-Athīr)
353
Karrāmiyya (sect)
324–325
Kashf al-asrār wa hatk al-astār (al-Bāqillānī)
32
Kashf al-asrār wa naqd al-afkār (al-Bustī)
32
Kashf al-maḥjūb (al-Sijistānī)
309n32
Kaysāniyya (sect)
321
al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad
142
Kharijites/Khawārij (sect)
Abū Yazīd Makhlad b. Kaydad; Ibāḍīs/Ibāḍiyya
on ʿAlī’s imamate
377
anti-Fatimid revolts
357, 378, 388
branches
321–322, 380–381, 387
Mālikīs vs.
60
refutations of/polemics against
33, 305, 321–322, 329
khaṭībs (preachers)
khuṭbas (ritual preaching/Friday sermons)
appointment
347–348
books of sample sermons
346
dāʿī vs.
347
indicating change in political allegiance
339, 341, 342, 343, 344
job description
347–348
salary
347
Khatkīn al-Ḍayf (chief dāʿī)
68–69, 394
Khāzimiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
al-Khiṭaṭ (al-Maqrīzī)
160n18, 221
editions
7n4
on Fatimid administration
87
chief qāḍīs and chief dāʿīs
56
wazirate
46, 51n18–20, 55n33
on observatory of al-Ḥāfiẓ
292
on pilgrim caravans
399
on popular festivals
107, 113, 122
Khurāsān
320, 325, 403
khuṭbas (ritual preaching/Friday sermons)
khaṭībs; Qirwāsh b. al-Muqallad
after Fatimid conquest of Egypt
342
announcement of death of imam-caliphs
36–37
audience and reception
33–34, 351–353, 366
authority over
68, 71n64, 74n72
blessings in
34–36, 353–358, 360, 386
books of sample sermons
346
by imams/imam-caliphs
33–38, 34n37, 35n40–41, 36–37, 38n44, 158, 159, 344, 348, 349, 351–352, 384–385, 391, 396
condemnation of enemies/curses in
345, 353, 354, 358–360, 364, 367–368, 384–386
festival khuṭbas
112–113, 112n13, 348–350, 351, 352, 366–368
on imamate
33–38
invocations in,
of army
34, 352, 357–358, 385–386
of Companions of the Prophet
393
of imams/rulers
338, 356–357, 391, 403
in Mecca/Madina
391, 391n3, 396, 398, 404
origins
347
rhetoric and rhetorical strategies
350–353
signaling change in political allegiance in
338, 339–350, 404
al-Kindī, al-Ashʿath b. Qays (chief of Kinda tribe, d. 661)
368, 368n23
al-Kindī (polymath, d. 873)
194
al-Kirmānī, Ḥamīd al-Dīn (dāʿī, d.c. 1021)
authority/reputation
192–193, 209
career
192, 209
on creation
198
on God
197–198
on heavenly spheres/cycles
298–299
on imamate
15–18, 26, 79, 149, 199, 284, 378–380
on intellect
194, 197–198
operation of taʿwīl in thought of
249, 257–258, 259
patronage of
69
philosophy in thought/work of
200, 204, 249, 298
Aristotelianism
197, 209
on prophecy
198–199
refutations of/polemics against
32–33, 336
Abū Bakr
335–336
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī
317, 326, 331–332
false imams
333–335, 378–380
Ibāḍis
378–380
al-Jāḥiẓ
332
refutations/polemics by
331–336
on relation between science and religion
285
on removal of Jaʿfar al-Sādiq’s possessions to Cairo
394
on revelation
194
on the Soul
197, 198
sources of inspiration/as source of inspiration
148n21, 194, 205, 209
on taʾwīl
266–270
on Umayyads
364, 369
works
209, 317
on ẓāhir and bāṭin
257–258
Kitāb al-Aḥkām al-sulṭaniyya (“Book of the Ordinances of Government”, al-Māwardī)
78
Kitāb al-aqrābādhīn (Sahlān b. Kaysān)
286
Kitāb al-ʿayn (al-Khalīl)
142
Kitāb al-Bayzara (book on falconry)
211
Kitāb al-Dhakhāʾir waʾl-tuḥaf (“Book of Treasures and Rarities”)
399
Kitāb al-Diyārāt (“Book of Monasteries”, al-Shābustī)
143, 211
Kitāb al-Ḥawādith wa-l-bidaʾ (al-Ṭurṭūshī)
124n2
Kitāb al-himma fī ādāb atbāʿal-aʾimma (“Book of Resolution with Respect to the Comportment of the Followers of the Imams”, Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
26, 29–31, 156
Kitāb al-Iṣlāḥ (al-Rāzī)
209
Kitāb al-Majālis wa-l-musāyarāt (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
62, 62n22, 149, 156
Kitāb al-Manāqib waʾl-mathālib (“Book of Virtues and Vices”, Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
327–328, 371, 372
Kitāb al-Munāẓarāt (Ibn al-Haytham)
25–26, 57–58, 57n7, 370
Kitāb al-Riyāḍ (al-Kirmānī)
148n21, 209
Kitāb al-rusūm waʾl-izdiwāj waʾl-tartīb (“Book of Norms, Pairedness and Ranking”, ʿAbdān)
295–296
Kitāb al-Shajara, “Chapter on Satan” (Abū Tammām)
319–326, 380–381
Kitāb al-Sīra wa akhbār al-aʾimma (al-Warjalānī)
383n16, 387
Kitāb al-Umm (al-Shāfiʿī)
241
Kitāb al-ʿUthmāniyya (al-Jāḥiẓ)
332
Kitāb al-Zīna (al-Rāzī)
209, 326
knowledge see esoteric knowledge; religious knowledge
“knowledge of the steadfast” (Ibn Rushd)
274–275, 274–275n4
Kūfa
340, 397
scholars in
128
Kulthum, tomb of
109
al-Kundurī (Saljuk wazīr, r. 1055–1063)
49
al-Kurdī, Badr b. Ḥasnawayh (amīr of the Jabal)
397
Kurds
103
Kutāma Berbers
142, 169
on ʿĀshūrā festival
110
conversion to Ismaili Shiism
100, 384
Easterners vs.
96, 100
in Egypt
99
in Fatimid army
99–103, 156, 352, 357, 384
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
34, 352, 357–358, 385–386
mission of Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī to
382
origins
100
qāḍīs/on qāḍīs
58–59, 61n18
rebellions
95–98
in Syria
99
Turks vs.
97, 100
Landolt, H.
313
Laqbal, Musa
99n9
Lawāta (Berber tribe, Egypt)
48
leprosy
334, 379
Lessons for the True Believers in the History of the Fatimid Imams and Caliphs (al-Maqrīzī)
214
letters see imperial letters
lexicography
326
Liber de Causis
301n4
libraries/librarians
143, 144, 206, 214–218, 215
Dār al-ʿIlm; private libraries/collections; royal libraries
The Life of al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh (Ibn Zūlāq)
109–110
light
203, 264–265
literal wording see ẓāhir
literary production see book copying/production
The Lost Archive (Marina Rustow)
3
Maʿāṣim al-hudā (al-Kirmānī)
26, 332
al-Madāʾin (Iraq)
340, 346
Madelung, Wilferd
12, 13, 14, 26n27, 64n30, 313
madhhabs (schools of Islamic jurisprudence)
57, 58n10, 60, 64n32, 347, 381
Hanafī school; Hanbalī school; Ibāḍīs; Mālikī school/Mālikīs; Shāfʿī school
maʾdhūn (one who has license to teach doctrine)
251, 251n9
Madina/Medina
Ḥaramayn; Hijaz
attempt to transfer Prophet’s remains to Egypt
390, 393n10, 405, 406
jurisdiction over/control of
390, 391, 406
Mālikī school
137, 139
qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs
41, 66
recognition of Fatimid imamate in
391
removal of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq’s possessions to
389–390, 394, 405
scholars in/from
125, 128
shifts in political allegiance
339, 343
madrasas
in Alexandria
127, 129, 129n16, 135, 136, 138–139
appointment of heads/teachers of
39, 87, 92–93, 127
in Cairo
139, 144, 144n15
in Damascus
218n22
Maghāriba see Westerners (Maghāriba)
al-Maghribī, Abuʾl-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. (agent of Sitt al-Mulk)
184n29
al-Maghribī, Abuʾl-Ḥusayn b. (clerk)
163
al-Maghribī, Abuʾl-Qāsim (“al-Wazīr al-Maghribī”, d. 1027)
164, 393, 394–395, 396
al-Maghribī (wazīr)
143
Maghrib/Maghribīs
132, 143, 353
Westerners (Maghāriba)
Almoravids
138
daʿwa in
63–64
Ḥanafīs
60
move of caliphate to Egypt
63, 65, 75, 98, 99, 100, 109, 157, 213, 372, 391–392
qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs
41, 57–61, 63, 64, 66, 75
revolts
378, 378n4, 388
scholars in/from
124, 138
travel of al-Mahdī to
141–142, 214, 388
al-Mahdī bi-llāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 909–934)
63, 353
book collection/royal library
141–142, 214
extravagance/lavishness at court
156, 156n3
invocation in khuṭbas(sermons)
36, 355, 356, 357, 358, 362
letter to followers in Yemen
24n20
lineal descent from
11
military expeditions
214
offspring
166
physicians of
285, 286
predecessors
255n10, 365
recognition as imam-caliph
1, 77, 156, 208
sermons by
365
travel from Egypt to Maghrib
141–142, 214, 388
mahdī-qāʾim see Qāʾim (Messiah)
al-Mahdiyya (Ifrīqiyya)
capture by Kharijites
34, 352, 357, 385
qāḍīs in
61, 61n18, 62, 62n25, 64
Maḥmūd of Ghazna
398
al-Maḥqūf (astronomer)
292
al-Maḥṣūl (Muḥammad al-Nasafī)
209, 301n3
al-Majālis (al-Muʾayyad fiʾl-Dīn al-Shīrāzī)
26, 112n13, 370
Majālis al-ʿIlm/al-Ḥikma (sessions of knowledge)
145, 216, 272, 276–277, 280
al-Majālis waʾl-Musāyarāt (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
31, 364, 369, 374
al-Makīn b. Ḥaydara (qāḍī)
117
al-Malījī, ʿAbd al-Ḥākim b. Wahb (chief qāḍī)
71, 71n64
Malik al-Ashtar (Governor of Egypt, r. 658)
85
Mālik ibn Anas (d. 795)
136, 139
refutations of
33, 317, 321
Mālikī school/Mālikīs
Ibn ʿAwf, Abū Ṭāhir; [al-]Tūrṭūshī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad
in Alexandria
126, 136, 138
Fatimids vs./and
146, 345, 364, 371, 384
Hanafī school vs.
58, 60
Khārijites vs.
60
madrasas
127
origins and threads of
137
qāḍīs
60–61, 64, 75, 346
Malik (title)
54
Mamluk Sultanate
55n34, 122
Mamṭūra see Wāqifiyya
al-Maʾmūn (7th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 813–833)
139, 331
al-Maʾmūn al-Baṭāʾḥī (Fatimid wazīr, r. 1121–1125)
74n72, 162
arts and sciences/patronage under
150, 213
popular festival under
116, 118
works dedicated to
126, 213, 241
Manjūtakīn (military commander, later Governor of Damascus)
51n19, 100, 163, 164
al-Manṣūr (2nd Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 754–775)
331
al-Manṣūr bi-Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 946–953)
death and reburial
37, 99
on imamate
13–14, 24
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
357, 362, 363
letter to al-Muʿizz
369
offspring
166
origins
99
personal pronoun
36
revolts against
378
sermons by
34n37, 35n40–41, 36–37, 36n42, 352, 355, 356, 358
testament
24n20
on Umayyads
369, 370n31
victory over Abū Yazīd
60, 61, 62, 98, 377
al-Manṣūriyya (Ifrīqiya)
169, 181n20
move of Caliphate to Cairo
176
qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs
62, 64, 65–66
al-Maqālīd (“The Keys”, al-Sijistānī)
205, 209, 264, 307, 313
Maqādisa (Jerusalemites)
135
al-Maqdisī, Abuʾl-Ḥusayn Yaḥyā b. al-Mufarrij
135
al-Maqdisī, Abuʾl-Qāsim Hibatallāh
135
al-Maqrīzī (d. 1442)
7n4, 99, 141, 148
on advent in Egypt of Badr al-Jamālī
101
on al-Ẓāhir
184
on Arab rule over Sicily
104
on astrology and astronomy
290, 292
on chief qāḍīs and chief dāʿīs
56, 66, 67, 68n50
on claims on imamate
102
on drinking parties
170–171
on festivals
107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 118n26, 119, 123, 160n18, 349n27
on Ghabn (eunuch of al-Ḥākim)
221, 222, 222n11, 223, 225
on government apparatus
87, 162
on Ḥijāzī dependence and political allegiance
389, 404n50
history of Fatimid dynasty
213–214, 218n22, 221
on Ibn Ḥasdāi
150n28
on al-Jarjarāʾī
224
on Kalbids
105
on libraries
141, 145
on oaths of covenant
278–279, 278n10
on observatories
292
on persecution of dhimmīs
230, 231–232, 233, 237
on pilgrimage caravans
398–400
on political allegiance in Hijaz
404n50
on regency of Sitt al-Mulk
181n20, 183, 184, 185, 188
on royal family
166, 168–169
on Saljuk invasion of Egypt
48n6
on wazīrs
46, 48n7, 51n18–20, 53–54, 55, 55n33
al-Maqs Mosque (Cairo)
117, 232
market supervision (ḥisba)
39, 58n8, 83, 87, 223
Mār Qosmā Church (Fustat)
236n19
marriage, of royal women
167–168, 180
al-Marwadhī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (al-Marwarūdhī, qāḍī)
34, 58–59, 60, 352
Marwān b. al-Ḥakam (Marwān I, 4th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, r. 684–685)
359, 367, 368, 370n31
Marwānids (branch of Umayyad clan)
359, 367, 367n10, 368, 370n32
al-Maṣābīḥ fī ithbāt al-imāma (“Lights to illuminate the Proof of the Imamate”, al-Kirmānī)
15–18, 26, 79, 149, 266, 284, 332–333, 369
Masālta (branch of Kutāma)
382
Mashāriqa see Easterners
Maṣmūdīs/Maṣāmida (Berber tribe)
102–103
al-Masʿūdī (d. 956)
119–120
al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr (d. 944)
309n28
Maundy Thursday
118n26, 119, 243
Mawādd al-bayān (manual on chancery practice, ʿAlī b. Khalaf)
50n13, 89, 212
al-Māwardī (Sunnī polymath, d. 1058)
47, 78
al-Mawṣilī, ʿAmmār b. ʿAlī
286n2
Mawṣil/Mosul
340, 341
maẓālim (grievances) courts
39, 62–63, 65, 66, 71n64, 87
appointment of Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān as head of
39, 40, 62, 62n25, 63, 91–92
Mecca
Ḥaramayn; Hijaz; pilgrimage caravans
alms to
400n37
festivals
115
jurisdiction over/control of
390, 391, 406
pilgrimages
127, 137, 255, 272
(dependency on) funds/goods brought by pilgrimage caravans
396, 397, 398–400, 401, 402, 403
qāḍīs/chief qāḍīs
41, 66
recognition of/loyalty to Fatimid imamate
389, 391, 392, 404
scholars in/from
125, 128, 138
shifting political allegiance
339, 343, 404
medicine
150, 212–213, 285
Medieval Damascus (Konrad Hirschler)
218n22
Medina see Madina/Medina
Melkite Church/Melkites
118n26, 176–177, 286
emigration of Melkites
221, 237
merit (tafāḍul), differences in
19–20
Mernissi, Fatima
176
Mesopotamia
339
Messiah see Qāʾim (Messiah)
Messina (Sicily)
98
metaphysics
190, 202, 209, 330
Miʿḍād (eunuch)
401
Michael (Coptic Bishop of Tinnīs), on persecution of dhimmīs
230, 237–238, 243
Michot, Yaḥya
313
migration
of Christians/dhimmīs
221, 237
to Egypt
103–104, 105, 106, 131, 132, 401
Miknāsa (tribe)
371
military see army
military campaigns/expeditions
214, 378n4
to Egypt
47–48, 100
to Hijaz
391n3, 392, 392n5
to Sicily
98
to Syria
96, 97, 100, 178
military commanders
46, 51, 96
[al-]Afḍal; Ibn ʿAmmār, al-Ḥasan; [al-]Jamālī, Badr; Jawhar
military coups
165, 174
military wazīrs
174
[al-]Afḍal; Amīr al-juyūsh; [al-]Jamālī, Badr
position of chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī under
72–74
Mina Jaʿfar (near Bilbays, Egypt)
178
minbars (pulpits)
destruction of minbars
344–345, 404
khaṭībs (preachers) as ‘knights of the minbar’
347–348
mounting of
155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 349, 350
mint
coins/coinage
control of the
65, 66, 66n43, 68, 74, 74n72
Mirʾat al-zamān (Sibt Ibn al-Jawzī)
48n6
Mīr Damād (scholar)
202, 203
Mirḍāsid Dynasty/Mirḍāsids
103
Mīrgūsh (residential area, Cairo)
52
mirrors for princes (Fürstenspiegel)
24, 78, 79, 80–81n11, 85n14, 86, 126, 213
Miṣr see Egypt
monasteries, destruction of
229, 232, 236
Monastery of Abū Maqār (previously Isqīṭ Monastery, Maryut)
236
Mongol invasions (1250s)
193, 201
Mortel, Richard T.
392
Moses
34, 90, 251n7, 297, 320, 354
Aaron as wazīr of
39, 50–51, 51n15, 90
mosques
in Cairo
65, 111, 113, 114, 117, 145, 158, 226n27, 232, 291
in Constantinople
344
donation of books to
144–145
expansion of
232
financial support to
145
Four Nights of Lighting
113–117
in Fustat
65, 109, 110, 117, 342
in Rāshida
117, 350
supervision of and control over
57, 65, 66
treasure underneath mosque at Birkat Rusays
289
Mosul see Mawṣil/Mosul
mourning see ʿĀshūrāʾ (Shīʿī festival)
Muʿjam al-safar (Abū Ṭāhir al-Silafī)
128
Muʿāwiya b. Abī Sufyān (Muʿāwiya I, 1st Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, r. 661–680)
368n13–14
condemnation of/polemics against
322, 331, 359, 367, 370n31
al-Muʾayyad biʾllāh Aḥmad b. Ḥusayn b. Hārūn (Zaydi imam, Caspian region, d. 1020), condemnation of/polemics against
333, 334, 334n34
al-Muʾayyad fiʾl-Dīn al-Shīrāzī (poet and chief dāʿī, d. 1078)
authority and reputation
76, 193
career as dāʿī/chief dāʿī
70–71, 71n65, 72n66
death
53, 72, 73
decree of appointment
39, 40, 71, 91
residence/public academy of
216
works
26, 31–32, 71–72n66, 112n13, 209, 210
al-Mubashshir b. Fātik (philosopher, fl. 11th c.)
211–212
Mudawwana (Saḥnūn)
127
Mufarrij b. Daghfal b. al-Jarrāḥ (chief of Ṭayy Bedouins)
395, 396
al-Mufīd, al-Shaykh (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥamma al-Nuʿmān, d. 1032)
192, 199–200
authority and reputation
193, 199
philosophy in thought/work of
204
on reason
199, 200
on sin and condemnation
200
sources of inspiration
200
students
193, 199
works
199
al-Mughāzilī (astronomer)
168, 169
al-Mughīra b. Shuʿba (Governor of Kūfa)
368, 368n17
Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr
109
Muḥammad b. Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥusayn
102
Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Bāqir ʿUlūm al-Dīn (5th Shī ʿī Imam, r. 712–733)
325, 356
Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (7th Ismaili Imam, r. 762–813)
concealment of
356
as rightful imam
14
succession of
11, 12, 211n10
Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. Abī Hāshim (amīr of Mecca, r. 1063–?)
403
Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Juhayr
404
Muḥammad b. al-Mustanṣir
101
Muḥammad b. al-Nuʿmān (chief qāḍī and chief dāʿī)
66, 95, 97, 98, 114, 169, 170
Muḥammad (the Prophet)
ʿahd of ʿAlī and
85
ʿAlī as wazīr of
39, 50–51, 50n13, 51n15, 90
attempt to transfer Prophet’s remains to Cairo
390, 393n10, 405, 406
family members
109, 354–355
imam’s and/vs. Prophet’s function
16–17, 24–25, 79, 197
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
353
law/rules of
197, 239, 251n7
lineal descent from/descendants of
1, 17, 25, 29, 32, 34, 35, 39, 364–365
observation of birthday
108
recognition of
242, 324
spiritual power
296, 297
succession of
25, 79, 109, 319
appointment of successor by Prophet
25, 35, 108, 112, 322
Muḥammad b. Ṭughj (autonomous ruler of Egypt and parts of Syria, r. 935–946)
119
al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 953–975)
12, 62
conquest of and move to Egypt
65, 98, 99, 100, 109, 157, 213, 372, 391–392
correspondence
24n20, 369
court of
156
death and eulogies
176, 210
dream about al-Nāṣir
370n32
festivals under
109–110, 121
gifts to kaʿba
398
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
342, 362, 391, 391n3
literary production by order of/under protection of
149, 207, 208, 330
military expeditions
378n4
offspring
166, 167, 175
pilgrimage to Mecca/Madina
392
pronouncements of
208
recognition in Hijaz/Ḥaramayn
391, 391n3
reputation
370
sermons by
37, 349, 355–356, 391
on/and Umayyads
369, 374, 375
al-Muʿizz b. Bādīs (Zīrid ruler, r. 1016–1062)
345, 345n15
al-Mūjaza al-kāfiya fī adab martaba wa shurūt al-daʿwa al-hādiya (al-Naysābūrī)
22–24, 80, 81–85, 86
mukāsirs (ones who break) see novices
Mukhtaṣar fiʾl-ṭīb (Sahlān b. Kaysān)
286
Mukhtaṣar al-wazīr (Ibn Killis)
149–150
Mukthār al-ḥikam wa maḥāsin al-kalim (al-Mubashshir b. Fātik)
211–212
Mullā Ṣadrā (Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Shīrāzī, d. 1640)
192
authority and reputation
193
educational background
202
on existence and essence
203–204
fusion of theology and philosophy by
202, 203, 205
period of retreat
203
sources of inspiration
203
al-Muntaẓam fi taʾrīkh al-mulūk waʾl-umam (“The Well-Organized Book Concerning the History of Kings and Peoples”, Ibn al-Jawzī)
363
Muqaffā (al-Maqrīzī)
66n39,n45, 68n50, 99
Muqaṭṭam (Eastern Desert Plateau, Egypt)
52
al-Muqtadī (27th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 1075–1094)
404
al-Muqtadir (18th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 908–929)
331, 367, 367n5
al-Murādī, al-Ḥasan b. Majallī b. Asad b. Abī Kudayna
71n65
Murjiʾa (sect)
321
al-Murtaḍā, al-Sharīf
193, 193n4, 397
Murūj al-Dhahab (“Meadows of Gold”, al-Masʿūdī)
119
al-Musabbiḥī, al-Mukhtār ʿIzz al-Mulk Muḥammad (Fatimid amīr, d. 1029)
on al-Ṭabarānī
290
on court sessions/audiences
163
on daʿwa
74
on drinking parties
171
on Ghabn
221n10
history by
210–211, 213, 221, 230
on Ibn Yūnus
287
on popular festivals
111, 114, 120
on processions
158–159, 161
on Sitt al-Mulk
184, 184n28–29
on Tāj al-Dawla (Jaʿfar II)
105
Mūsā b. Jaʿfar (al-Kazim, 7th Shīʿī Imam, 765–799)
14, 325–326
al-Musawī, al-Sharīf
184n29
Museum of Islamic Art (Cairo)
221, 226
music/musicians
120, 122, 126, 133, 171, 172, 184, 212, 286, 328, 372
Muslims
concept
75
participation in Christian festivals
120–121, 243
al-Mustaʿlī bi-llāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1094–1101)
36, 73
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
357
succession of al-Mustanṣir
101, 132, 162
Nizār b. Mustanṣir
al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1036–1094)
appointment of Badr al-Jamālī
47, 49, 53, 130
arts and sciences/patronage under
291
biography
212
court/courtiers
157, 224
death
101
economic crisis
157, 157n9
inheritance of family estates
167–168
invocation in khuṭbas
344, 403, 404
offspring
166, 166–167
physicians of
213, 291
recognition in Ḥaramayn
404, 405
succession crisis
101, 131, 132
Nizār b. Mustanṣir
al-Muṭīʾ li-llāh (23rd Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 946–974)
391n3
al-Mutanabbī (poet, d. 965)
212
Muʿtazilī/Muʿtazila
137, 321
Ashʿarīs vs.
189
condemnation of
305, 321, 336
doctrine
193, 199, 200, 381
Shīʿīs and
189
Muwaḥḥidūn see Almohads
Muwaṭṭaʾ (Mālik ibn Anas)
136, 139
Muẓaffar Bahāʾ al-Dawla (Slav royal parasol bearer)
159
mysticism/mystics
137, 300, 311
Nāfiʾ b. al-Azraq (leader of the Azāriqa, d. 685)
321
Nafīsa bt. al-Ḥasan b. Zayd b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī
109
al-Nafṭī, Muḥammad b. ʿImrān (qāḍī)
60
Nahj al-balāgha (“The Path of Eloquence”, al-Sharīf al-Raḍī)
80, 85, 85n14
al-Najashī, Abū ʿAbbās Aḥmad (d. 1058–1059 or 1071)
193
Najdiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
Najjāriyya (sect)
324
al-Nasafī, Muḥammad (d.c. 943)
on creation
196
execution
320
philosophy in thought/work of
194
works
148n21, 207, 208, 301, 301n3
Nāṣir al-Dawla Ibn Ḥamdān
397
Naṣīr al-Dīn Muhtashim (governor of Kuhistan)
201
Naṣīr b. Khusraw (traveler and dāʿī)
200, 209
on Fatimid army
100, 102, 102n16
on pilgrimages
398, 400–401
works
26n27, 31, 209
al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh see ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III
Naṣr Aftikīn
52n21
Nativity festival
118n26, 119
natural sciences
285
doctrinal writings and
295–299
Nawrūz (Coptic New Year)
107, 118–119, 118n26, 121–123, 243
nawrūz (Persian festival)
118, 118n27
Nawshirwan
83
Naysabur (Iran)
49
al-Naysābūrī, Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm (dāʿī, fl. 10th/11th c.)
on daʿwa/dāʿīs
22–24, 80, 81–85, 86, 93
on imamate
15, 18–24, 79
on oaths of covenant
277–278
naẓar (speculation)
317, 330
al-Nazwānī, ʿUmar (Ibāḍī imam in Jabāl ʿUmān)
333, 334, 334n36, 379
negation, twofold
310–311, 312
negative theology/via negativa
305–306, 310
Neoplatonism
192, 194, 197, 198, 202, 209, 263
Neoplatonic/unknowable God
197, 300, 302, 305, 306–307, 312–313
New Year’s Festival (mawsim raʾs al-sanna)
107–108
Nihāyat al-arab (al-Nuwayrī)
289
Nile
119–120, 171, 402
control of rise and fall of
290–291
Niẓām al-Mulk (Saljuk wazīr, 1064–1092)
49
Nizārīs
101–102, 191
Nizār b. al-Mustanṣir (Fatimid prince, d. 1095)
claim on imamate
101–102, 131, 162
revolt of
132, 133, 134
Noah
251n7, 296, 297, 360, 367
nobility see ʿAlid ashrāf; social elites
noble families
social elites
in government service
169–170
non-Muslim population see dhimmīs
North Africa
1, 6, 77, 98
Egypt; Ifrīqiya; Maghrib
book production
206
hierarchy of qāḍīs for
64
Ibāḍīs
377
Mālikī school
137
scholars from
129
novices (mustajīb)
‘breaking’ of
318
compared to newborns (in taʾwīl)
253
fasting
277
knowledge transferred to
276
al-Nujūm al-Ẓāhira (Ibn Taghrī Birdī)
363
al-Nujūm al-Ẓāhira (Ibn Saʿīd al-Maghribī)
227
Nukkarīs (branch of Ibāḍīs)
378n4, 384, 384n19, 385, 387, 388
al-Nuʿmān family
169–170, 174
al-Nuʿmān, Qāḍī see Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān
Nuremberg
219
Nusayrīs/Nuṣayriyya (sect)
317, 336
al-Nuwayrī
on astrology
289, 290
on attempt to move Prophet’s remains to Cairo
406
on order of salutations
162
on Tāj al-Dawla (Jaʿfar II)
105
oaths of covenant (daʿwa)
253, 254, 256, 276–280, 318
obedience
16, 24, 28, 38, 254, 255, 269, 322, 323, 324, 379, 380
observatories
201, 285, 289, 292–293
The Observatory in Islam (Aydin Sayılı)
293
Old Mosque (Mosque of ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, Fustat)
117, 342
Oneness of God see tawḥīd
One, the see God
opponents
27, 32–33
Abbasid Caliphate/Abbasids; Ibāḍīs/Ibāḍiyya; Kharijites/Khawārij; Mālikī school/Mālikīs; polemics; refutations; Umayyad Caliphate/Umayyads
claim of bāṭinī heresy
260
condemnation in khuṭbas (sermons)
345, 353, 354, 358–360, 364, 367–368, 384–386
open debates between daʿwa and
336
Orations of the Fatimid Caliphs: Festival Sermons of the Ismaili Imams (Paul E. Walker)
5
Orestes (Melkite Patriarch of Jerusalem)
176–177
origination (abdaʿa)
196, 198
orphans, qāḍīs managing funds of orphans
43, 43n48, 89, 89n23
Pact of ʿUmar (al-shurūṭ al-ʿumariyya), al-Ḥākim’s dhimmī policy and
230, 239, 241–242
Palermo
105, 106
Palestine
68, 395
Palm Sunday
231
paradise
267, 320, 322, 324n9
paramilitary groups
68
Parmenides (Plato)
302
patronage see poetry/poets; scholarship/scholars
pederasty
328–329, 370n32, 372, 373
persecution, dhimmīs
228–237
Persians
100
personal judgment see raʾy
philosophy
Aristotelism; natural sciences; Neoplatonism
fusion of theology and
202, 203, 205
Greek
190, 194
Ismaili doctrine and/vs.
194, 204, 205, 274–275, 301, 301n4, 303–304
refutations of philosophers
317
physicians
147, 163, 164, 213, 225, 285, 290, 291, 293, 326
Jewish
146–148, 150, 216–217, 285, 286
Melkite Christian
164, 170–171, 172–173, 212–213, 286, 287–288
pilgrimage (ḥajj)
127, 137, 198, 392
Abbasid/Iraqi pilgrims
389, 403
importance to Fatimids
405
sermons during
403–404
in taʾwīl
254–255, 272
pilgrimage caravans
389
of al-ʿAzīz
391, 391n3, 392n5
cancellations and interceptions/robberies
393–394, 395, 396, 397, 398n24
(dependency on) funds/goods brought by Fatimid
391–392, 391n3, 396, 397, 398–400, 401, 402, 403, 405
Iraqi
395, 397–398, 398n24
value of goods and costs of caravan
400
Pillars of Islam (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān) see Daʿāʾim al-islām
Pitti Palace (Florence), rock crystal ewer in
219, 220
plagiarism
212
Plato
146, 214, 302, 327
Plotinus (d. 270)
309n27
on the One
302–303, 303n8, 311
as source of inspiration
194, 209, 301n4
on unknowability of God
306, 312–313
poetry/poets
Ismaili/pro-Fatimid
133, 209–211, 358
patronage
106, 210, 211
praising/on imams
13, 31–32, 133, 210
polemics
curses/cursing; refutations
against sects
319–326, 380–381
anti-Umayyad
328, 364–376, 405
definition
317
on imamate
32–33
phrases/words indicating
327
polemical techniques
319–320
in program of daʿwa
318–319
Sunnī vs. Ismaili
321
political allegiance
signals of change in,
colors
341, 342, 344, 392, 404
khuṭbas
338, 339–350, 404
smashing of minbars (pulpits)
344–345, 404
polytheism/polytheists
251, 343, 375, 381, 382
Poonawala, Ismail
33, 141, 141n3–4, 313, 329
population
acceptance of Fatimid rule by
346, 384
diversity of
77, 108, 174, 346
prayers
khuṭbas
regulation of
57, 68, 71n64, 74n72
preachers see khaṭībs
preaching see khuṭbas
Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt (Ibn Riḍwān)
213
private libraries/collections
146–148, 206, 207, 216–217
procession (emanation, inbaʿatha)
198
processions
158–161, 162
festivals
animals in
158, 159, 349, 350
Proclus
306
prominent families, in government service
169–170
Proof (ḥujja)
251, 251n7
prophecy
19, 197
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī on
327
natural sciences and/proof of
296–297
Proponents of Ḥadīth
334n35
proselytization see daʿwa
protected peoples see dhimmīs
Pseudo-Dionysius (fl. 5th-early 6th c.)
303, 303n9, 312
public duty
ʿahd of ʿAlī as statement of
80, 85–87, 93
concept
77–80, 94
works on
78–87
decrees
public libraries see Dār al- ʿIlm
public office/positions
dāʿīs; dāʿīs al-quḍāt; maẓālim (grievances) courts; qāḍīs; qāḍīs al-quḍāt; wazīrs
appointments to
38–44
decrees of appointment
46, 78, 87–93
duties of
89–90, 94
Qadariyya (sect)
321, 322–324
Qāḍī ʿAbdallāh (Syrian judge)
400
al-Qāḍī al-Fāḍil (Chief Secretary of Ṣalāh al-Dīn, d. 1200)
on Coptic nawrūz festival
122–123
literary skills/production
89, 212, 348n22
madrasa of
144, 144n15, 218n22
on Salāh al-Dīn’s visit to Alexandria
139
Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān (d. 974)
on Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī
383
audience and access to works
149
authority
75, 330
background
371
career,
as dāʿī
63, 67
(decree of) appointment as head of maẓālim
39, 40, 62, 62–63n25, 63, 91–92
as qāḍī al-quḍāt (chief judge)
62–63, 75
death
65
descendants’ role in judiciary/daʿwa
69, 70, 95, 169–170, 171, 222
on Fatimid court
156, 372
on imamate/authority of imams
13, 26–31, 330, 372
on Ismaili law
64
literary production/works
207, 208, 243, 284, 317, 372
on/and taʾwīl
249, 251
on public duties
80, 85
refutations
33, 284, 327–330, 336
of Abū Ḥanīfa
317, 329
of Aḥmad b. Surayj
329
of al-Shāfiʿī
317, 329
of Ibn Qutayba
317, 329
of Ibn Surayj
317
of Khawārij
329, 377–378
of Mālik b. Anas
317, 329
of Umayyads/ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III
328–329, 364, 369, 370–374, 375
al-Qādir (25th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 991–1031)
claim on imamate
379
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
340, 341
refutation of
333–334
substitution of al-Ṭāʾiʿ
78, 165, 334n33, 392
qāḍīs (judges)
adab al-qāḍī (judge’s comportment)
78
appointment of/decrees of appointment
39, 40, 57–59, 68
authority/power
57n6, 76
coinage
46, 49, 74
conflicts on gaining qāḍīship
58–59
duties
40–42
in earliest Maghrib phase
57–61, 75
in later Egypt phase
64–67, 75
Mālikī
60–61, 64, 75, 346
managing funds of orphans
43, 43n48, 89, 89n23
relation with dāʿīs
59
qāḍīs al-quḍāt (chief judges)
164
appointment of/decrees of appointment
40, 61, 65, 66, 71, 74n72, 86, 87, 88
attire
56, 61
authority/rank
56, 59, 65, 75, 76, 81
duties/responsibilities
74, 163
joint office of chief dāʿī, wazīr and
67, 70, 73, 75
in later Egypt phase
61, 64–67, 69–70, 75
in Maghrib
61, 75
prominent families in position of
70, 75, 169–170
role in festivals/processions
158, 159, 160, 161
title
65
Qāʾid al-Quwwād (“Commander of Commanders”, title)
220, 222–223, 225, 226
Qāʾim (Messiah)
12, 13, 251n7, 255n11, 296, 297, 298, 319, 325–326, 332, 353
al-Qāʾim bi Amr Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 934–946)
on Abbasids
371
death
36, 65
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
355, 358, 362
military expeditions
214
offspring
166
revolt of Abū Yazīd against
34, 60, 62, 98, 352, 357–358, 377, 378, 384–386
second invasion of Egypt
390
sermons by
38n44, 348, 351, 352, 357–358, 359–360, 366–368, 369, 384–386
al-Qāʾim bi-amri ʾllāh (26th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 1031–1075)
invocation in khuṭbas (sermons)
403, 404
sermons by
344
al-Qalʿī, Abū Muḥammad b. (astronomer)
292
al-Qalqashandī
appointment decrees and
66, 87, 88
on government apparatus
50n10, 89, 162, 212
on khaṭībs (preachers)
347–348
al-Qalqī (astronomer)
293
al-Qamūdī, Muḥammad b. Maḥfūz (qāḍī)
60
al-Qānūn fi dīwān al-rasāʾil (“The Code of the Chancery”, Ibn al-Ṣayrafī)
89, 212
Qarāfa (City of the Dead, Cairo)
114, 115, 117
al-Qarāfi (groom of al-Ḥākim)
187
Qarmatism/Qarmatians
12, 333, 335n37, 369, 379, 391n3
Qāsim b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Nuʿmān (chief dāʿī and chief qāḍī)
69, 70, 159, 170
Qaṣr ibn Hubayra (Iraq)
340, 346
Qaṣriyya (guard force of Sitt al-Mulk)
178, 179
Qaṭʿiyya Imāmiya Ithnā ʿashariyya
336
Qaṭʿiyya (sect)
326
al-Qawī, al-Jalīs b. ʿAbd (librarian)
144
Qayrawān (Ifrīqiya)
capture by Khārijites/Abū Yazīd
60, 384, 385, 387
conquest by Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Shīʿī
382–383, 384
dāʿīʾs
381
qāḍīs
58, 58n8, 61, 62, 62n25, 64, 64n32
Qazvin/Qazwin
66n43, 202
Qirwāsh b. al-Muqallad (ʿUqaylid emir of Mosul, r. 1001–1050)
khuṭba (Friday sermon) of
35n38–39, 36, 340, 341, 346, 348, 353, 356, 357
complete text
360–363
shift in political allegiance
339–341
qiyās (analogy)
317, 330, 336
al-Quḍāʿī (qāḍī, d. 1062)
211
Queen of Sheba
265
Qulzum (ancient town and seaport on Red Sea)
396, 400
Qum (Iran)
66n43, 203
Qurʾan
26, 264, 323, 324
Qurʾanic interpretation see taʾwīl
Qurʾanic verses
3 The Family of Imran (Āl ʿImrān)
268, 273n2
3:7
262, 273
3:61
354
3:97
254
3:102
360
3:103
361
4 Women (al-Nisāʾ),
4:6
254
4:59
16, 38, 361
4:64
24
4:103
42
4:128
367n12
5 The Feast (al-Māʾidā),
5:3
252
5:4
254
6 Livestock (al-Anʿām),
6:149
250
6:164
268
8 Battle Gains (al-Anfāl),
8:11
267
8:42
251
9 Repentance (al-Tawba),
9:31
367
9:100
386n25
9:128
38
12 Joseph (Yūsuf),
12:53
385n21
12:55
51n16
17 The Night Journey (al-Isrāʾ),
17:60
331, 369
17:71
16, 361, 379
20 Ta Ha (ṬāʾHā), 20:25–34
50n14
21 The Prophets (al-Anbiyāʾ),
21:15
386n26
21:73
22
21:105
343
22 The Pilgrimage (al-Ḥajj), 22:27
40
24 Light (al-Nūr),
24:35
264, 264n5
24:59
254
25 The Criterion (al-Furqān), 25:35
50n14
33 The Joint Forces (al-Aḥzāb),
33:27
386
33:64
367n7
37 Ranged in Rows (al-Ṣāffāt),
37:62–65
369
37:79
367n8
38 Ṣād (Ṣād), 38:3
362
39 The Throngs (al-Zumar), 39: 56–58
362
41 [Verses] Made Distinct (Fuṣṣilat),
41:11
267
41:53
295
44 Smoke (al-Dukhān), 44:43–46
369
47 Muhammad (Muḥammad), 47:25
385n22
51 Scattering Winds (al-Dhāriyyāt), 51:46
367n9
56 That Which is Coming (al-Wāqiʿa), 56:52
369
58 The Pleading (al-Mujādilah),
58:18
366
58:19
386n29
58:22
386n29
60 Women Tested (al-Mumtaḥanah), 60:10
251–252
63 The Hypocrites (al-Munāfiqūn) 63:4
386n27
74 Wrapped in his Cloak (al-Muddaththir), 74:50
386n28
88 The Overwhelming Event (al-Ghāshiyya), 88:1
349
90 The City (al-Balad),
90:8–10
251
90:11
251
90:12–13
251
92 The Night (al-Layl),
92:8–9
282
92:10
282
92:14–16
385n24
92:14
385n23
92:15
385
99 The Earthquake (al-Zalzalah), 99:7–8
361
Quraysh (clan)
364
Qusayr Monastery
177, 232
Qutbuddin, Tahera
31–32, 71–72n66, 112n13
al-Raḍī, al-Sharīf
80, 193, 193n4, 397
Rafʿ al-iṣr ʿan quḍāt Miṣr (Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī)
64n31, 65, 68, 69n57, 164
Rāhat al-ʿaql (“The Comfort of Reason”, al-Kirmānī)
148n21, 209, 298
Rajāʾ b. Abiʾl-Ḥusayn
164
Ramaḍān
164, 348, 352
ʿid al-fiṭr
Rametta (fortress, Sicily)
98
Ramla
395, 395n16, 396
Raqqāda (Maghrib)
58, 167, 382–383
qāḍīs
61, 61n18
Rasāʾil al-Ḥikma (“Epistles of Wisdom”, Druze sacred writings)
68, 242
Rasāʾil (Ibn ʿAbbād)
78
Rāshida, Mosque of
117, 350
Rāshida bt. al-Muʿizz (d. 1050)
157, 165, 167
al-Rass, Associates of
360, 367
al-Rassī, Abuʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm (ʿAlīd nobleman)
163, 172, 173
Rawāfiḍ (derogatory term Sunnīs use for the Shīʿa)
305
al-Rawḍa (Egypt)
114
Rawda-yi taslīm (“Paradise of Submission”, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭusī)
201
Raydān (royal parasol bearer)
179
Rayḥāniyya (military regiment)
103
raʾy (personal judgment)
317, 330, 336
Rayy (Iran)
66n43
al-Rāzī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (d. 1131)
130n17
al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr (Rhazes, d. c. 925 or 935)
polemics against/refutation of
33, 209, 317, 326–327, 331–332, 336
on prophecy
327
al-Rāzī, Abū Ḥātim (d. 934)
on creation
196
literary production and circulation
207, 209
Neoplatonism of
194
refutations by, of Abū Bakr al-Rāzī
326–327, 331, 336
al-Rāzī, Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb
134–135
reading
144
reading curricula
140, 148, 148n21, 318–319
reason (ʿaql)/reasoning
intellect
deductive reasoning
29
esotericism based on authority vs.
260, 261–272
rationally determined judgment
189
revelation/revealed scripture and
194, 199, 200, 247, 272
Shīʿīs vs. Sunnīs
191
in taʾwīl
262–270, 275
rebellions see revolts/rebellions
refutations
6, 199, 317
curses/cursing; polemics
on imamate
32–33
Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden (875–973) (Heinz Halm)
2, 13
religious allegiance, signaling of conversion in khuṭbas (sermons)
338, 339
religious authority, justice vs. daʿwa
57
revelation (tanzīl)
28, 262
intellect and/vs.
194
reason and
194, 199, 200, 247, 272
taʾwīl vs.
257, 264
revolts/rebellions
of Abuʾl-Futūḥ (1010–11)
390, 395–396, 402
of Abū Rakwa (1005–1006)
393
of Abū Yazīd (944–947)
34, 60, 62, 98, 352, 357–358, 377, 378, 384–386
against irreligious or unjust caliphs
78
Bāghāya uprising (969)
388
of Ibāḍīs
378n4, 384, 385, 388
of Kutāma Berbers
95–96
of Mufarrij b. Daghfal b. al-Jarrāḥ
395, 396
of Nizār b. al-Mustanṣir (1095)
101, 131, 132, 133, 134
of son of Badr al-Jamālī (1084)
130–131
rhetoric, in Friday khuṭbas (sermons)
350–353
Rice, D.S.
219–220, 222, 226n24
Riḍwān b. Walakhshī (wazīr)
127, 228n3
rightly guided/righteous imams
14–15, 28, 322, 356, 358, 365
al-Risāla al-kāfiya fiʾl-radd ʿalā al-Hārūnī al-Ḥusaynī al-Kirmānī al-Zaydi (al-Kirmānī)
32–33
al-Risāla fi-l-imāma (“Letter on the Imamate”, Abuʾl-Fawāris Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb)
14
al-Risāla al-miṣriyya fiʾl-radd ʿala al-Shāfiʿī (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
329
al-Risāla al-miṣriyya (“The Egyptian Letter”, Abuʾl-Ṣalt)
103, 133, 211
Risālat dhāt al-bayān fiʾl-radd ʿalā Ibn Qutayba (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
329
al-Risāla al-wāʿiẓa (al-Kirmānī)
26
Ritual, Politics and the City in Fatimid Cairo (Paula Sanders)
107, 109, 161
ritual preaching see khuṭbas
rituals see festivals
rock crystal
219–221, 226, 227
royal family
availability of information on
165, 166
detention after end of rule
166
in government positions/authority
165, 174
inheritance
166
list of members
166–167
offspring
166
supervision over
168–169
royal libraries
Dār al-ʿIlm
access to
144
acquisition of works
150–151, 215–216
daʿwa and
140–141, 216
dispersion by Ayyubids
144, 147–148, 217, 218n22
donations to
215
holdings
140, 143, 144, 206, 215, 217
Ismaili texts in
144
origins of
142
selling off books during economic crisis
143, 215–216
Rustamid Dynasty/Rustamids
383, 384n19, 387
Rustow, Marina
3
Ruzzīk b. Ṭalāʾiʿ
39
Saʿīd b. ʿĪsā b. Nastūras (wāsiṭa)
240n23
Sabāʾiyya (branch of Ghāliyya)
325
al-Sābiʾ, Hilāl (historian, d. 1056)
185, 187
Safarnāma (Nāṣir b. Khusraw)
210, 400
Safavid Dynasty/Safavids
193
Ṣaḥāba (Companions of the Prophet)
332
condemnation/cursing of
229, 335, 392–393
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī
150
Sāḥil al-Ghalla Mosque (Fustat)
117
Sahlān b. Kaysān (Melkite physician)
177n4, 212–213, 285–286
Sahlūn (astronomer)
292, 293
Saḥnūn (d. 854–855)
127
Salāh al-Dīn (Sultan of Egypt and Syria, r. 1174–1193)
74, 89, 136
detention of Fatimid ruling family
166
Fatimid royal libraries and
218n22
as Fatimid wazīr
1, 51, 52, 54, 55, 55n34, 139
scholarship under
139
Salamiyya (Syria)
214
Saljuks/Seljuks
Abbasids and
49, 55, 343, 403
control of over Ḥaramayn
390, 398, 403, 406
invasion of Egypt
48
Salmān b. Jaʿfar b. Falāḥ (Kutāma military commander)
96
salutations
162
Samanid Dynasty/Samanids
320
Sanders, Paula
107, 109, 111, 161
Ṣanhāja Berbers
345
San Marco, Treasury of
219
satans, “Chapter on Satan” (Abū Tammām)
319–326, 380–381
Sayılı, Aydin
293
The Sayings, Sermons and Teachings of ʿAlī (al-Quḍāʿī)
211
al-Ṣayrafī see Ibn al-Ṣayrafī
Sayr wa sulūk (Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭusī)
201
al-Sayyida al-ʿAzīziyya (concubine of al-ʿAzīz)
175, 176–177, 178–179, 178n7, 286
Sayyid, Ayman Fuad
7n4, 72n66, 160n18
Scheiner, Jens
241n25
scholarship/scholars
authority/status of
190, 193
East-West scholar exchange (Alexandria)
124–140
Fatimid studies
2–7
Imāmī
190, 192, 194
patronage
103, 124, 133, 134, 139, 144, 211, 285, 288, 291, 292, 294, 299
science/scientists
daʿwa and
285, 294
interpretation of scientific texts
247
second intellect
198
sects, polemics against
319–326, 380–381
sermons see khuṭbas
sexual intercourse
329, 370n32, 372, 373
al-Shābustī, Abuʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī (librarian)
143, 211
al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad b. Idrīs (d. 820)
33
Abū Ḥanīfa vs.
322
on dhimmīs
241, 242
refutations of
317, 321
Shāfiʿī school/Shāfiʿiyya
128, 129, 135, 136, 139, 322, 329
[al-]Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad b. Idrīs; [al-]Silafī, Abū Ṭāhir
Shafīʿ (royal parasol bearer)
349
Shams al-Dīn Abuʾl-Fatḥ Masʿūd b. Ṭāhir al-Wazzān
159
Shams al-Mulk (chief dāʿī)
159
al-Shantarīnī, ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar ʿAlī see Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ
Sharḥ al-akhbār (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
377
Shāwar (Fatimid wazīr, r. 1162–1169)
54
Shaybān (dāʿī in India)
24n20
al-Shayyal, Jamāl al-Dīn
7n4
Sheba, Queen of
265
al-Shīʿī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh see Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī
Shiism/Shīʿīs
189–190
Imāmīs/Imāmiyya; Ismaili Shiism/Ismailis
conversion to Sunnism/conversion from Sunnism to
339, 341
festivals see ʿĀshūrāʾ; Ghadīr Khumm
main topics of scholarly treatment and works
190–191
imamate; philosophy; reason/reasoning
Sunnīs vs.
58, 126, 191
Shimrākhiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
Shiraz
202
al-Shīrāzī, al-Muʾayyad fiʾl-Dīn see [al-]Muʾayyad fiʾl-Dīn al-Shīrāzī
al-Shīrāzī, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm see Mullā Ṣadrā
shirk (compromising God through association)
304, 305
Shukr b. Abuʾl-Futūḥ (amir of Mecca, r. 1010–1012)
390, 402
Sibt Ibn al-Jawzī (preacher and historian, d. 1256/1257)
48n6, 404
Sicily/Sicilians
1, 68, 77, 132, 171
Arabic poetry
106, 106n26, 211
Arab rule
104–106
hierarchy of judges
64
Muslim conquest (965)
98
nobility
98
Norman conquest (1071)
211
qāḍīs in
66
Sicilian roots of Sitt al-Mulk
177
Ṣiffīn, Battle of
368n13, 368n21–23
signatures (tawqīʿ), for appointment of wazīrs
54–55
sijillāt see decrees
Sijilmāsa (Morocco)
156, 382, 383, 388
al-Sijistānī, Abū Yaʿqūb (d. 971)
194–197
allegiance to Fatimid imams
208
authority/reputation
192, 193, 330
on creation
195, 196
doctrines
195–197
on God/the One
195–196
cognizance/existence of God
306–307, 311
command between God and intellect
196
God as cause
308, 308n27
God as a thing
309
Oneness of God/tawḥīd
304, 308, 313
unknowability of God
307, 308, 310, 312, 312–313
on imamate
197
on intellect
194, 195, 196
natural sciences in work
295n20, 297–298
opponents
309, 330
philosophy in thought/work
200, 204, 249
Neoplatonism
192, 197, 198, 209, 263, 300–301
pilgrimage
301n2
on prophecy
197
refutations/polemics by
195, 330–331
on revelation
194, 257, 264
on the Soul
196
sources of inspiration/as source of inspiration
192, 194–195, 205, 304
on/and taʾwīl
249, 256–257, 259, 263–266
twofold negation
310–311, 312
works
26n27, 148n21, 192, 195, 207, 301, 301n3
on worship
304–305, 312, 313
al-Sijistānī, Muḥammad b. Karrām (d. 868)
324, 325
al-Silafī, Abū Ṭāhir (haḍīth scholar, d. 1180)
in Alexandria
128, 129–130, 138
background/career
127–128
collection and transmission of haḍīth
128, 129, 134–135
epithet
128
madrasa
129, 129n16, 136
reputation
139
students
136
teachers
135
travels
127–128, 133
works
128
Silvestre de Sacy, Antoine Isaac
12
Simāṭ al-ḥuzn (“Meal of sorrow”, feast)
108
al-Ṣinhājī, ʿAbbās b. Abiʾl-Futūḥ b. Tamīm b. Muʿizz b. Bādīs (Fatimid wazīr, 548–549)
103–104
sin/sinners
200, 304
Sīra (al-Muʾayyad fiʾl-Dīn al-Shīrāzī)
210
Sirāj al-mulūk (“Lamplight of the Kings”, al-Ṭurṭūshī)
80–81n11, 126, 213, 241
Sitt Miṣr (“Lady of Egypt”, daughter of al-Ḥākim, d. 1063)
167
Sitt al-Mulk (Regent of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1021–1023)
166, 167, 224
allegedly planned coup by
179–180, 181, 183
correction of excesses of al-Ḥākim
184–185
death
184, 188
disappearance/murder of al-Ḥākim
182, 183, 185–187
executions by
185
family roots
175, 176–177, 178
gifts to/from
181, 181n20
mother of
175, 176–177, 178–179, 178n7, 286
participation in government affairs
179, 180, 181, 182
regency of
183–187
relation with father
178
romantic liaisons
67n48, 179, 180, 181–182, 182n21, 185
wealth and power
179, 180
Siyāsat-nāma (“Book of Government”, Niẓām al-Mulk)
78
slaves
in army
105, 171, 395, 395n16
dhimmīs and
229, 232, 234
enslaved nobility
177
eunuch
177, 181
freeing of
279
slave girls at courts
97
Slavs
159, 171, 173
Smoor, Pieter
32n30
social elites
at court/court sessions
155, 162–164, 164
influence/status
174
prominent families in government service
169–170
religious affiliation
164–165
role in processions
158–161
royal family
165–169
Socrates
327
sons, of imam-caliphs
166, 167, 172
Soul, the
196, 197, 198
Spain
132
Umayyad Caliphate/Umayyads
Mālikī school
137
scholars from
124, 213
Speaker (Nāṭiq)
251, 251n7, 255, 255n11
Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā (al-Qalqashandī)
50n10, 87, 88, 89
Sufism/Sufis
137, 300, 306
al-Ghazālī
Ṣufriyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
al-Suhrawardī (d. 1191)
203
al-Sulamī, Abuʾl-Aʿwar ʿAmr b. Sufyān (general)
368, 368n20
Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik (7th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, r. 715–717)
370n31
Sulaymān (Solomon, prophet)
265
al-Ṣūlī (d. between 941 and 948)
371
sultanates
55
sulṭān (title)
53, 54, 55, 55n34
Sunnī law, Mālikī school/Mālikīs
Sunnī scholars
213, 216
Sunnism/Sunnīs
139
Hanafī school/Hanafīs; Hanbalī school/Hanbalīs; Mālikī school/Mālikīs; Shāfiʿī school/Shāfiʿiyya
appointment, removal and replacement of caliphs
78
appointment to public office
43
conversion to Shiism/conversion from Shiism to
339, 341
imams and
11, 13
participation in pilgrimage caravans
398
reception/interpretation of khuṭbas by
352–353, 366
on religious authority
27
Shīʿīs vs.
58, 126, 191
Sunni population in Fatimid Caliphate
77, 103, 384
Suspended Church (Fustat)
233, 236n19
synagogues
229, 231, 238
Syria
1, 77
astronomy/astronomers
292, 295
daʿwa operations
295
Jarrāhids in
395, 396
Kutāma in
96, 99
al-Mahdī’s travel to Egypt from
141–142, 214
military expeditions,
from Syria to Egypt
47, 48, 130
to Syria
96, 97, 100, 178
qāḍīs
66
scholars in/from
125, 128, 131, 137
al-Tabarānī, Abuʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl (court astronomer)
at drinking party
171, 173, 287
career and works
288
al-Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr (d. 923)
142, 144, 215
Tabriz (Iran)
201
tafāḍul (merit)
19–20
tafāwut (disparity)
19–20
tafsīr (exegesis)
249
taʾwīl
Tāhart (modern Tiaret, Algeria)
382, 383, 384, 387
Ṭāhir b. al-Mustanṣir
101
al-Ṭāʾiʿ biʾllāh (24th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, r. 974–991)
78, 165, 334n33, 392, 392n5
Tāj al-Dawla wa Sayf al-Milla (Jaʿfar II b. Yūsuf al-Kalbī, amīr of Sicily, r. 998–1019)
104–106, 159
Tajrīd al-kalām (“Abstract of Theology”, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭusī)
202
Ṭalāʾiʿ b. Ruzzīk (Fatimid wazīr, r. 1154–1161)
54, 102, 211
Ṭalḥa ibn ʿUbayd Allāh (Companion of the Prophet, d. 656)
322
Tamīm b. al-Muʿizz (d.c. 984)
31, 176, 210
Tanbīh al-hādī waʾl-mustahdī (“The Exhortation to the Guiders and the Guided”, al-Kirmānī)
317, 332–333, 336
tanzīl see revelation
tanzīh (removing all association from God)
309, 310–311
Taormina (Sicily)
98
Taqarrub (spy of Sitt al-Mulk)
184
taqlīd (arbitrary submission to authorities)
317, 330, 336
Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī (“History”, al-Ṭabarī)
142, 144
tashbīh (trying to understand God by analogy and comparison)
304, 305, 309, 310
taʿṭīl (denuding God of all content by strict denial of tashbīh)
304, 309, 310
Tathbīt al-imāma (“Confirming the Imamate”, al-Manṣūr)
13–14, 24, 370n31
tawḥīd (Oneness of God)
302–303, 302n5, 304, 307, 308, 309, 313, 334
Taʾwīl al-daʿāʾim (Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān)
249
taʾwīl (Qurʾanic interpretation)
6
access by general public
273–274
access to knowledge of and authority to perform
249, 251–253, 264, 273–274
al-Kirmānī on
266–270
al-Sijistānī on
263–266
ambiguity and
247, 262, 265, 273
of both scripture and scientific texts
247
examples
250–257, 259
Ibn Rushd on
262–263, 273
meaning/employment in Ismaili context
247, 248–249, 260
methods and results
249, 260
payment of dues and access to
251–252, 271, 276, 280–282, 283, 284
reason vs./and authority in
262–270, 272, 275
revelation vs.
257, 264
tailored to circumstances and audience
250
term/meaning
275n5, 282
ẓāhir vs./and bāṭin
247, 248, 257–258, 260, 266, 274, 312
tawqīʿ see signatures
taxes
184
Ṭayy Bedouins
395, 397
Ṭayyibī Ismailis
76, 191, 193
[al-]Muʿayyad fiʿl-Dīn al-Shīrāzī
teachers
appointment of/decrees of appointment
39, 87, 92–93
men compared to (in taʾwīl)
252
Thaʿāliba (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
Thamūd (tribe)
360, 367
theology
199
fusion of philosophy and
202, 203, 205
Theology of Aristotle (Enneads)
194, 301n4, 304
Thiqa al-Dawla (Yūsuf b. ʿAbdallāh al-Kalbī, amīr of Sicily, r. 990–998)
104, 105
al-Ṭibb al-rūḥānī (“Spiritual Medicine”, al-Rāzī)
33, 331
time cycles
296, 298
Tinnīs/Tennis (medieval Egypt)
65, 70, 132
Ṭirāz (Abū ʿAlī Sanad b. ʿImān al-Azdī)
126
tirāẓ (medieval Islamic embroideries/inscribed textiles)
46, 49, 52
Tortosa (Spain)
124
transvestites
121, 122
travel/travelers
100, 125, 131, 132, 133
Naṣīr b. Khusraw; pilgrimage; pilgrimage caravans; [al-]Silafī, Abū Ṭāhir; [al-]Ṭurṭūshī, Abū Bakr
“A Treatise on the Imamate of the Fatimid Caliph al-Manṣūr bi-Allāh” (Wilferd Madelung)
14
Tripoli, qāḍīs
61n18, 62
Tughril Beg (Sultan of the Saljuk Empire, r. 1037–1063)
49, 344
Tulunid Mosque (Egypt)
117
Tunisia
1, 77
Mālikī school
137
Turks
in Egypt
100
in Fatimid army
103
Westerners (Maghāriba) vs.
96, 97–98, 100
al-Ṭurṭūshī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad (d. 1126)
arrival and settlement in Alexandria
125, 128, 129–130, 132–133, 137, 213
Ibn Khaldūn on
126
reputation/success
103, 125, 126n4, 128, 135
rivalries/opponents
133, 138
students/disciples
103, 126–127, 136, 139
travels
103, 125, 133
works
80n11, 126, 138, 213
al-Ṭusī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad (d. 1067)
193, 193n4
al-Ṭusī, Naṣīr al-Din (d. 1274)
204–205
background
200–201
conversion from Ismaili to Imāmī Shiism
192, 193, 200, 201
on divine/God’s command
201
on imamate
201
on intellect
201
on metaphysics
202
philosophy in thought/work of
202, 204
on reason
201
sources of inspiration
200–201, 205
works
201, 201–202
Twelver Shīʿa see Imāmīs (Twelver Shīʿa)
Tyre (Lebanon)
128, 289
ʿUbaydallāh b. Ziyād (Umayyad Governor of Iraq, d. 686)
368, 368n19
al-ʿUkbarī (astrologer)
288–289
ʿUmān (country)
380
ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
241, 242
ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (2nd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, r. 634–644)
115, 322, 332, 359, 374, 381, 405
ʿUmar, Pact of
230, 239, 241–242
Umayya b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Abuʾl-Ṣalt al-Dānī see Abuʿl-Ṣalt
Umayya b. ʿAbd Shams (b.c. 515)
328, 359, 372
Umayyad Caliphate/Umayyads
60
condemnation of Fatimids by
364, 374
condemnation of/polemics against
405
by Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān
328–329, 364, 369, 370–374, 375
comparison to Zaqqūm/Accursed Tree
331, 335, 364, 369, 370n32
in khuṭbas (sermons)
359, 367–368
rulers
328, 330, 331, 333, 372–373, 376
Spanish Umayyads
328–329, 369
origins of rivalry between Fatimids and
364–365, 366, 371
Umm Mallāl (sister of Bādis, Zīrid ruler)
181n20
unio mystica
306, 307
ʿUqayl (head of intelligence bureau under al-Ḥākim)
224
Uṣayfira (tribe)
397
Ustādh al-Ustādhīn (“Master Eunuch of Eunuchs”, title)
222–223, 225, 226
Ustādh Jawdhar (high-ranking eunuch, d. 973)
156, 156n4, 223, 369, 386, 387
ustādh (term)
222–223, 222n12
ʿUtba b. Abī Sufyān
367–368
ʿUthmān (3rd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, r. 644–656)
322, 332, 368n15, 380, 381
al-ʿUthmānī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 1218)
136
ʿUyūn al-akhbār (Idrīs ʿImād al-Dīn)
55n33, 63, 71–72n66
Valencia
136
Venice
219
viziers see wazīrs
Wadi al-Qura
392
al-Walakhshī, Riḍwān b. (Fatimid wazīr)
92
Walīʾl-Dawla Abū ʿAlī b. Khayrān
50n10
al-Walīd b. Abī Muʿayṭ
368
al-Walīd b. ʿUtba (Governor of Madīna, d. 624)
368, 368n14
al-Walīd b. Yazīd (11th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, r. 743–744)
331, 370n31
Walker, Paul E.
2, 5
waqfs (endowments)
145, 146, 216
Wāqifiyya (branch of Imāmiyya)
325–326
al-Warjalānī, Abū Zakariyyāʾ
383n16, 387
Wārjlān, Basin of
383
Wasit (early Islamic city)
128
wāsiṭa (rank/title)
50, 50n10, 96, 240n23
wazirate, development/evolution of
46–47, 51n18, 52, 55
wazīrs
appointment of/decrees of appointment
39, 46, 50, 50n13, 51, 52, 54–55, 87, 90, 96
attire
55n33
ṭirāz (medieval Islamic embroideries)
46, 49, 52
classes of
47, 51n18, 54
military wazīrs
46, 47, 48–49, 52, 53, 55, 72, 73, 174
Fatimid vs. non-Fatimid
39, 46, 49
joint office of chief qāḍī, chief dāʿī and
70
in late Fatimid vs. early Fatimid period
46, 49–51, 52, 90
rank/status
53–54, 56, 75, 81, 90
residences
55n33
role in festivals/processions
159, 160, 161
title
46–47, 50, 51n18, 54, 55, 72
“The Wazīr’s Epistle” (Ibn Killis)
208
weights and measures, control of
66, 66n43,n45
Westerners (Maghāriba)
Kalbids; Kutāma Berbers; Maṣmūdīs
on day of ʿĀshūrā
109–110
definition/term
99
Easterners (Mashāriqa) vs.
96–99, 100
in Egypt/Cairo
95, 96
migration to Egypt
103–104, 131
scholars
124–127
William of Tyre
178n7
wine consumption
122, 331, 370n31, 374–375
by rulers
329, 331, 335, 372, 373
drinking parties
163, 164, 170–173, 174, 286, 287–288
prohibition of alcohol by al-Ḥākim
173, 229, 288
“Wine, Love and Praise for the Fāṭimid Imāms” (Pieter Smoor)
32n30
wine trade
333, 370n31, 373
women
compared to students (in taʾwīl)
252
confinement of
182, 184, 229
conversion to Islam
251–252
in daʿwa
250
instruction in Ismaili teachings/in majālis
276–277, 277n7
royal
167–168, 180
marriage
167–168
wealth
167–168, 180
rule by
175
Sitt al-Mulk
worship/worshipers
311, 312, 313
types of worshipers
304–305
Yaḥyā of Antioch (Melkite historian, d.c. 1066)
accessibility of work
230
on destruction of houses of worship
236
on Ghabn (eunuch of al-Ḥākim)
220–221, 222, 225, 227
on persecution of dhimmīs
230, 233–235, 237–238, 240
al-Yamanī, ʿUmāra (poet, d. 1174)
211
al-Yanābīʿ (al-Sijistānī)
209
Yānis (chief eunuch)
180
Yaʿqūb b. Nasṭās (physician of al-Ḥākim)
164, 170–171, 172–173
Yaqẓān (Ibāḍī imam, r. 906–909)
382–383, 383
Yazīd b. Muʿawiya (Yazīd I, 2nd Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, r. 680–683)
331, 370n31
Yazīdiyya (sect, branch of Kharijites)
380
al-Yāzūrī, al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī (Fatimid wazīr, r. 1050–1058)
49, 51
as chief dāʿī, chief qāḍī and wazīr
70–71
expenditure on pilgrim caravans
399–400, 400n36
fall and execution
71, 402
rank/authority
70–71, 76
Yemen
53, 115, 193, 209, 403, 405
Yumgan (region, modern Afghanistan)
210
Yūnus b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (ḥadīth transmitter, d. 823–824)
326
Yūsuf b. ʿAbdallāh al-Kalbī (Thiqa al-Dawla, amīr of Sicily, r. 990–998)
104, 105
Yūsuf b. Tāshfīn (amīr of the Almoravids, r. 1061–1106)
131, 138
al-Ẓāfir bi-Aʿdāʾ Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1149–1154)
217
Ẓāfir al-Ḥaddād (poet)
134, 135
al-Ẓāḥir li-Iʿzāz Dīn Allāh (Imam-Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, r. 1021–1036)
alms by
400n37
arts and sciences/patronage under
288
censorship
149–150, 208
courtiers
224
inheritance
168
invocation in khuṭbas
344
offspring
166
popular festivals under
111, 113, 115, 120
in royal processions
158–159
sermons by
105
succession of al-Ḥākim
183, 184, 186
regent see Sitt al-Mulk
ẓāhir (literal wording), bāṭin (inner meaning) vs./and
247, 257–258, 260, 266, 272, 274, 312, 320–321
al-Zamakhsharī (d. 1143)
136–137
Zamzam (well)
404
Zaqqūm/Accursed Tree, Umayyads compared to
331, 335, 364, 369, 370n32
Zayd ibn ʿAlī (5th Zaydi Imam, r. 714/715–739/740)
26
Zaydīs/Zaydiyya (Shīʿī sect)
317, 321, 333, 336
imams
26, 32, 191, 332, 369, 379
scholarship
190
al-Zaylaʿī, Aḥmad ʿUmar
392
Zayn al-Dawla Intiṣār b. Yaḥyā
103
Zenāta/Zanāta (tribe)
371, 378n4
Zīj al-kabīr al-Ḥākimī (Ibn Yūnus)
213, 286
zījs (astronomical tables)
286, 292, 293, 294, 295
Zīrid Dynasty/Zīrids
99, 100–101, 103–104, 343, 345, 345n15, 346, 350
Ziyād b. Summayya (Ziyād b. Abīhī, Umayyad commander)
368, 368n18
al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām (Companion of the Prophet, d. 656)
322
Zurʿa b. ʿĪsā b. Nastūras (wāsiṭa)
240n23
Zurāra b. Aḥmad (qāḍī)
62