In Hamburg, accounts were kept and payments were made in Mark Banko or rixdollar Banko (âthalerâ in the nineteenth century), whereby one rixdollar or thaler was equal to three Mark Banko. The term âBankoâ refers to the fact that this Hamburg currency was a bank currency, which was never minted. It was the currency of account of the Hamburg Bank founded in 1619 (cf. chapter 2).
In the eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries, 100 Mark Banko (of nominally 8.43 grammes of fine silver) were equal (official parity) to
87.90 guilders Flemish current or â since October 1816 â 87.62 Dutch guilders in the Netherlands
7.82, since November 1785 8.12 Louisdâors in Bremen
8.03 pounds Sterling in Great Britain
187.12 Livres tournois, since 1795 187.33 Francs in France
30.88, since 1854 35.04 Milréis in Portugal
34.51 Pesos duros (1772â1848) in Spain
224.53 Lire fuori di Banco, since 1827 187.11 Piedmontese Lire nuove in Genoa
38.74 Pezze da otto reali or 222.75 Lire moneta buona in Leghorn
44.04 Ducati del Regno in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
268.31 Ducati di Banco in Venice
72.11 guilders Konventionskurant, since November 1858 75.79 guilders Ãsterreichische Währung in the Habsburg Monarchy
50.57 (since 1750/64), since 1821 50.46 Thaler Prussian current in Prussia
124.89 guilders Polish current or 201.87 guilders Danzig current in Poland
48.11 silver roubles in the Russian Empire
98.37 Daler silver money, since 1776 32.78 rixdollars specie (up to 1857) in Sweden
40.98 rixdollars Danish current, since 1813 66.69 Rigsbankdaler or â since March 1854 â rixdollars Rigsmønt in Denmark
35.70, since 1834 36.00, since March 1853 36.69 dollars in the United States of America
This list of par values, which does not make the claim to be complete, is compiled according to: Denzel, âParitätentabellen,â (1991) 216, 218â220, 230, 232, 235, 237 and 239; idem, âParitätentabellen,â (1992) 42, 45â47, 49â51; idem, âParitätentabellen,â (1993) 50, 52â55, 57, 59â60; idem, Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 58â59, 104â108, 190â193, 196â197, 255â256, 279â280, 307, 327â328, 339â340, 359â360, 379 and 404.