There are many approaches to spelling Indonesian words in an English text. Many authors and schools of literature add various diacritics to words; today, there are some authors and editors who discard all diacritics. I have selected to only use one diacritic to show the sound of long “aa” when the letter “e” appears in such words as Déwa, Gedé, or jerujéng. The spelling of Sasak words is not codified; I follow general rules in place on Lombok for Sasak words. Similarly, the spelling of Arab terms in Indonesia and on Lombok differ from Romanized spellings used in Middle Eastern scholarship. One anomaly is hajji, which refers to a man who has completed the pilgrimage to Mecca. In Indonesia, the spelling is “Haji” and it appears before the names of millions of those Muslims. I use “hajji” and “Hajj” in this book when referring to clerics and the pilgrimage, respectively, and “Haji” when writing someone’s name or title.
Certain terms recur throughout the text. I define all foreign terms the first several times they appear but do not re-define all of these terms for each recurrence. A list of recurring terms and office names is below:
Adat |
Localized practices and customs |
Azan |
Muslim call to ritual prayer |
Barong Tengkok |
Sasak gamelan that accompanies family rites |
Bayan |
Wetu Telu village/center in North Lombok |
Bidang Kesenian |
“Arts Section” or Arts Office |
Buda |
Small minority of Sasak Buddhists |
Budaya |
“Culture” |
Bugis |
South Sulawesi ethnic group on Lombok |
Cakranegara |
Town connected to city of Mataram |
Cepung |
“Vocal gamelan” with Sasak/Balinese roots |
Cilokaq |
Sasak vocal form with gambus & ensemble |
Dakwah |
Proselytism of Islam |
Dalang |
Puppeteer |
Dangdut |
Hybrid Javanese/national folk/popular form |
Gambus |
Short-necked plucked lute |
Gamelan Balaganjur |
Balinese processional gamelan |
Gamelan Gong Kebyar |
Large, modern Balinese gamelan |
Gamelan Gong Sasak |
Sasak gong kebyar equivalent |
Gendang Beleq |
Primary Sasak processional/ritual gamelan |
Gong Beleq |
Smaller gendang beleq ensemble |
Street vendor music using tins |
|
Gunung Rinjani |
Major volcanic mountain and symbol |
Halal |
Adhering to Islamic law |
Haram |
Not adhering to Islamic law |
Kecimol Asli |
Folk ensemble associated with Lenek |
Kecimol Dangdut |
Dangdut music/dance in wedding procession |
Kemaliq |
Sasak traditional shrine |
Khas |
Original or authentic |
Klentangan |
Sasak gamelan for life-cycle rites |
Kris |
Ceremonial asymmetrical dagger |
Lembaga Pendidikan Seni Nusantara (lpsn) |
Arts Institution with a branch on Lombok |
Lingsar |
West Lombok village with major temple |
Lontar |
Traditional palm-leaf manuscript |
Madrasah |
School for Islamic instruction |
Marawis |
Modern Islamic ensemble w/marawis drums |
Mataram |
ntb capital and largest city on Lombok |
Nahdlatul Ulama (nu) |
National organization of traditional Muslims |
Nahdlatul Wathan (nw) |
Lombok equivalent to nu |
Nusa Tenggara Barat (ntb) |
Province including Lombok and Sumbawa |
Nyongkolan |
Sasak wedding processions |
Pancasila |
Five founding principles of Indonesia |
Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Depdikbud) |
Education and Culture Ministry |
Pepaosan |
Singing translations of traditional texts |
Peréséan |
Fighting dance with sticks and shields |
Pesantren |
Islamic boarding school |
Pura |
Hindu Balinese temple |
Puri |
Balinese ruling house |
Rebana |
Goat-skin drum; also an ensemble |
Preret |
Double-reed instrument |
Rudat |
Theatre/dance form based on “1001 Nights” |
Sanggar |
Performing arts troupe/school |
Sembalun Bumbung |
High East Lombok traditional village |
Selober |
Jaws or Jews harp |
Suling |
Bamboo flute |
Taman Budaya |
“Cultural Park” or Arts Center |
Tarékat |
Sufi Muslim brotherhood orders |
Tawaq Tawaq |
A processional Sasak gamelan |
Tongkek |
Split bamboo ensemble, East Lombok |
Charismatic Muslim leaders |
|
Tuan Guru Haji (tgh) Bajang M. Zainul Majdi |
Former governor; leader of nw |
tgh Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid |
Founder of nw; saint |
Ummah |
(Umma) community of Muslims |
Wayang Sasak |
Sasak shadow-puppet theatre |
Wetu Telu |
Sasak minority religious traditionalists |
Zikrsamman |
A cappella Islamic group style |
Similar to the above, a number of individuals are introduced once or twice and then recur in later chapters, sometimes without being reintroduced. And, there are distinctive ways or honorifics to present those people. For example, “Pak” equals “Mr.” and “Ibu” equals “Ms.” The Sasak “Amaq” and “Inaq” equal “Mr.” and “Ms.” While there are about 100 individuals identified in this book, the individuals who are frequently cited and not always reintroduced include:
Haji Lalu Anggawa |
Adat and pepadi association leader |
Max Arifin |
Late Bidang Kesenian official/theatre |
Erni Ayuningsih |
Kecimol Dangdut female artist |
Novi Bhavan |
Reggae & rock artist/producer |
Amaq Dumsiah |
Senior Sasak music master |
Drs hl Agus Fathurrahman |
(Mamiq Agus) founder of adat study group |
Amaq Hamdi |
Music director in Montor |
Abdul Hamid |
Former Bidang Kesenian official/dancer |
I Komang Kantun |
Former Taman Budaya official/music |
Ki H. Lalu Nasip |
Famous dalang and music composer |
Ida Wayan Pasha |
Late Bidang Kesenian official/music/dance |
Amaq Sadar |
Gambus master from Batu Rimpang |
Ki Ageng Sadarudin |
Adat study leader, dalang, school principal |
Amaq Senen |
Sasak music master, son of Amaq Dumsiah |
Endah Setyorini |
Dancer, director, government official |
Nur Kholis Sumardi |
(Kaké Kholis) Sasak musician/scholar |
Mochammad Yamin |
lpsn director, arts educator and advocate |
Haja Sri Yaningsih |
Bidang Kesenian director 1983–1995 |
I Gedé Yudarta |
Balinese musician & scholar of Sasak arts |