Notes on Transliteration
The transcription of Arabic, Hebrew and Ottoman Turkish of this volume generally follows the International Journal of Middle East Studies system and the Library of Congress. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule: personal names where a specific spelling was preferred and used by the individual in question or has become recognized as the norm over time; and transliterations of colloquial Arabic (ʿammiyya), where authors have used styles of transliteration which they feel best evoke the sounds and cadences of particular forms of the language. For ease of reading, diacritical marks have not been used, except to indicate the letters ʿayn and hamza.