Maps
1 Cities and central lines of communication in early modern South Asia xiv
2 Arab expeditions in the Western parts of al-Hind 663–820 CE 45
3 Arab conquests until 751 CE 47
4 Ghaznawids around 1100 CE 113
5 Delhi Sultanate around 1235 CE 119
6 Delhi Sultanate 1350 CE 126
7 South Asia around 1400 CE 154
8 South Asia around 1525 CE 177
9 Expansion of Mughal power 214
10 Fall of Mughal rule in the eighteenth century 298
11 South Asia between colonialism and independence (1937–1948) 453
12 Contemporary South Asia 528
Figures
1 Muʿin al-Din Chishti praying in front of ʿAli b. ʿUthman al-Hujwiri’s tomb 90
2 Shah ʿAbd al-Latif Bhitai 271
3 Madrasa Ghazi al-Din 273
4 Abu al-Kalam Azad during the Khilafat Days 444
5 The tragic legacy of an uncertain future 459
6 Abu al-Aʿla al-Mawdudi 495
7 Religious plurality in South Asia 585