Index
advertising
121–126, 364
for copying services
152 fig.4.3, 153
by fortunetellers
133–134
in marginalia
134, 141–142
Ancient Texts Explained (Guwen shiyi 古文釋義)
13 fig.1.1, 66–74, 68 fig.2.1, 71 fig.2.2, 73 fig.2.3, 369–370
Anhui Collection (Anhui ji 安徽集)
369, 403
apologia (謙辭 qianci)
6, 64–109, 364
amusing
74–82
formal
82–89
informal
66–74
in vocabulary lists
66, 89–108
Astrologer’s Predictions 1899
173–198, 370
cover of
175–176, 177 fig.5.2
dating of
176–178, 196
geographic origins of
186–191, 196, 198
mechanics in
175–182
predictions in
182–196, 185 fig.5.5, 187 fig.5.7, 188 fig.5.8, 189 fig.5.9, 198
astrology
5, 7, 173–198, 362, 370, 393
on auspicious days
47, 48, 55, 137, 280, 282
Determing Fate (piming 批命) system of
178n5
and fortunetelling
124, 125 fig.3.8
ghosts and spirits in
324
and legal texts
404
and literacy
198
mechanics of
175–182
See also fortunetellers
authors
6, 9–10
apologia by
66–109, 108
information about
56, 63, 110, 128, 364, 395, 406
names of
19n12, 222, 381
personalities of
111, 141–142, 367
seals of
123 fig.3.7, 385, 414
studios (堂 tang) of
10, 40, 78, 153, 176, 182, 295, 365, 389, 390
use of chaoben by
65, 110
See also copyists
bagua 八掛 (eight trigrams)
37, 46, 48, 54, 55, 132, 181, 207
Basic Primer (Gyemongpyon 啟蒙篇/계몽편)
70n4, 147n4, 370
Beiping lüxing zhinan 北平旅行指南 (Guide to Visiting Beiping; ed. Ma Zhixiang)
152–153
bijiben 筆記本 (notebooks, booklets)
11–12
Bixia yuanjun 碧霞元君 (Sovereign of the Azure Clouds)
347
Book of Changes (Yijing)
48
bookshops (shupu 書舖)
11, 67, 153, 258, 259, 272, 285n14
See also markets
Brokaw, Cynthia J.
16n9, 52
Buddhism: vs. Confucianism
93n23
deities of
38, 247n16, 248, 249, 250 fig.7.12, 268, 269n36, 270, 302–303, 360
dragon kings in
371–372, 384
and funerals
104
in Korea and Japan
411
negative forces in
323
and popular religion
38, 273n1, 274, 345, 360
religious texts of
87, 302, 390–391
symbols of
318
and yoga
384
Buddhist monks (hexiang 和向)
39n23, 93n23, 96, 104, 106 fig.2.20
Byington, Mark
x
calligraphy
9, 155n14
in astrology texts
175
and dating
170
and education
3, 19, 23, 110, 140–141, 207, 209
in essays
69
in fortunetelling texts
123 fig.3.7, 124
in genealogies
204, 206 fig.6.5, 207, 209
kaishu 楷書
19, 107, 397, 403, 410
in Korea and Japan
412
of Mr. Bai
227, 228, 232 fig.7.2, 233, 237, 245, 253, 267, 269, 271
of Mr. Qian
253–254, 269, 271
in religious texts
53, 75n8, 284, 315, 336n13, 361, 393
of teachers
51, 144, 150, 157
in vocabulary lists
27, 34
xingcaoshu 行草書
107, 372, 403, 407, 412, 416
xingkaishu 形楷書
393
of xiucai
2, 63, 364
zhengkaishu 正楷書
150, 411
See also characters, Chinese
cangues (mujia 木枷; jiasuo 枷鎖)
59 fig.1.17
Cao Suosen 曹鎖森
275n2, 335n13, 337 fig.9.3, 370–371
Celebrations Pawnshop (Qingjidang 慶記當)
371, 408–409
Celestial Lord Who Relieves Suffering (Taiyi jiuku tianzun 太乙救苦天尊)
306–308, 307 fig.8.13, 310, 336n13, 370
Ceremonies (Liben 禮本; Wu Shubi)
371, 409, 427n4
Ceremonies for the Dragon Kings (Longwang fashi 龍王法亊)
247n16, 371–372
Chants of Repentence to the Three Primes (Sanyuan fa chan 三元法懺; Text C)
39–42, 44, 109, 300–302, 301 fig.8.11, 304, 372
apologia in
87–89, 89 fig.2.10
chaoben 抄本 (copybooks): addresses on
23, 56, 91 fig.2.12, 162, 364, 365, 378, 380, 393, 416
availability of
5, 8, 12, 82
bites out of
116, 174, 387, 395
categories of
6, 398–410
damage to
6, 45 fig.1.12, 88, 89, 116, 174, 327n1, 379
economic use of
22, 23, 63, 110, 363
everyday use of
1, 3, 11, 12, 22–23, 31, 62–64, 74, 142, 170, 198, 200, 271
Japanese
380, 384–385, 411–412, 415–416
Korean
376, 380, 383, 411–415
materials in
3, 16
meanings of term
3–4, 5
minjian 民間 (popular)
4, 7, 15, 62
numbering of
9
personal use of
65, 111, 142
personalities in
75, 82, 111, 141–142, 367
printed editions of
11, 62, 67, 83–87, 108, 130, 369, 372, 375, 378, 382, 383, 388, 389, 392, 393, 412
professional use of
110, 121, 134, 142
as reference works
5, 11, 23, 46n31, 49, 61n44, 65, 110, 128, 130, 155, 157, 227, 237, 245, 267, 278–279, 285, 335, 362, 364
social role of
19–25
terms for
11n1
titles on
8, 22, 54, 65, 330n5, 369
characters, Chinese: combined (hetizi 合體字)
243 fig.7.9, 244–245, 244 fig.7.10
in Korea
415
in matching couplets
240
miswritten
119n9, 141, 314, 327n1, 361, 362, 374, 389, 401
nonstandard (suzi 俗字)
3, 19, 101, 104, 141, 362, 388
traditional (fantizi 繁體字)
101, 102 fig.2.18, 174, 394, 396, 400
See also talismans
Characters for Elementary Education (Zhengmeng ziyi 正蒙字義)
147n4, 372
Chau, Adam Yuet 周越
x, 53
Chen Shi 陳實
x, 74n7
Cheng Zhenping 程震平
369, 403
Ch’ŏljong, King (Ch’ŏljong wang 철종왕/哲宗王)
380, 414
Christianity
323
cinnabar (genzhu 艮硃)
315
Collected Scripture of the Deeds of the Jade Emperor (Gaoshang Yuhuang benxing jijing 高上玉皇本行集經)
284–285, 286 fig.8.2, 287 fig.8.3, 372–373
commercial ledgers
See under merchants
common people (pingmin 平民): and chaoben
3, 4, 7, 10, 11–64, 358–368
deities of
7, 269, 273–278, 282–284, 292, 300, 306, 308, 310, 325, 326, 367, 378
education of
186 fig.5.6, 361–362, 367
and ghosts and spirits
334–335, 350–357, 360
and legal advisors
56–61, 385
literacy of
1–2, 62, 145 fig.4.1, 186 fig.5.6, 358, 359, 361–362
literate
2–3, 7, 226, 227–228, 232, 245
material lives of
1, 358, 360
morality of
111–120
and mourning rites
246 fig.7.11
and national events
367
and social status
359, 363–364
symbols of
358, 360
at work
29 fig.1.5, 37 fig.1.10, 117 fig.3.4, 171 fig.4.13, 183 fig.5.4, 350 fig.9.9
See also xiucai
Communist Party, Chinese (CCP)
101n28, 371
and apologia
85, 86 fig.2.8
and Japanese occupation
212n5
political campaigns of
193 fig.5.12, 194–196
See also Cultural Revolution
communities: of Mr. Bai
237–240, 251, 258–260, 266–268, 363, 366
of Mr. Qian
254, 256, 258–260, 264 fig.7.19, 266, 270, 363
Confucian temples (文廟 wenmiao)
8, 173–174, 176 fig.5.1
Confucianism
67, 146, 147n4, 245, 273n1
and Daoism
75, 93n23
in Korea and Japan
411, 413–414
morality in
67, 75, 78, 81, 115, 156n17, 267, 389
in Mr. Bai’s Notebook
237, 239 fig.7.6, 240
rituals of
411, 412
Congratulatory Phrases for the Household (Jiayong zhuci 家用祝詞)
373, 410
Copy These, Or, Feel Free to Copy These Examples (Xingjie suanke ye 行揭算可也)
409–410
copyists: elite scholars as
3
information about
56, 63, 75, 78, 81, 88
marginalia by
110, 134, 141, 142
religious specialists as
304
of religious texts
42–43, 45 fig.1.12, 88, 285, 295, 297, 299, 306
services of
54–55, 150–153, 157
social status of
300
student
27, 28 fig.1.4, 69–70, 71 fig.2.2, 140, 232 fig.7.2, 233, 267, 269
studios of
9, 78, 153, 295, 365, 389, 390
terms for
151
of vocabulary lists
32
couplets, matching (duilian 對聯): and apologia
107–108
categories of
237, 254, 256–262, 265, 266–268, 270, 272
collections of
251n22, 373, 382
for deities
245–251
for funerals
245, 246 fig.7.11, 272
for merchants
258 fig.7.16, 259
of Mr. Bai
7, 226, 233–253, 254, 270, 382
of Mr. Qian
226, 254, 269–270, 382
New Year’s (chunlia’er 春聯兒)
7, 31, 234, 236, 238 fig.7.5, 243, 256, 259, 272, 363
printed
251, 272, 382
samples of
409, 410
specialists in
5, 53, 146
in vocabulary lists
29, 31
for weddings
254–255, 255 fig.7.14, 272, 362–363
See also Invitations and Matching Couplets
covers
13 fig.1.1, 16
advertising on
124, 133
of astrological texts
123 fig.3.7, 175–176, 177 fig.5.2, 178
dates on
83, 164
of genealogies
202 fig.6.2, 203
of medical texts
138 fig.3.14
missing
5, 6, 62n46, 65, 126, 254, 330n5, 369
names on
9, 32, 45 fig.1.12, 93, 122, 275n2, 335n13, 337 fig.9.3, 348n22
of religious texts
76 fig.2.4, 78, 90 fig.2.11, 282, 286 fig.8.2, 302, 305 fig.8.12, 306, 312 fig.8.15, 316 fig.8.17, 322 fig.8.19
seals on
43, 69n3, 153, 170, 282, 372
of teaching materials
154 fig.4.4, 166 fig.4.9
of texts with apologia
68 fig.2.1
titles on
22, 54, 57 fig.1.16, 68 fig.2.1, 153
of vocabulary lists
28 fig.1.4, 32, 33 fig.1.7, 84 fig.2.7, 94 fig.2.14, 102 fig.2.18, 105 fig.2.19, 112n4
Criminal Inquest (Salok jueinchang 살옥죄인장/殺獄罪人狀)
373–374, 404, 415
Cui Yixuan 催毅鉉
x
Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
3, 86 fig.2.8, 167–168, 217 fig.6.11, 396, 407
memorabilia from
173–174
culture: Chinese
1, 360, 363
definitions of
20–21
folk
344
high vs. low
21n15
local variations in
21, 64
popular
7, 8, 15, 21n15, 38–39, 40, 62, 231n6, 274
popular vs. Great Tradition
360–362
and written texts
53–56
See also manuscript culture
currency: national (guobi 國幣)
50, 365, 371, 387, 409
paper (jinzi 金子)
349n22, 355
silver ingots
259, 262 fig.7.18, 407
Dai Xuanzhi 戴玄之
14
Daofa huiyuan 道法會元 (Corpus of Daoist Ritual)
330–331
Daoism: and apologia
108–109
and Buddhism
38, 274, 302, 345
chanting (chan 懺) in
5–6, 39–42, 44, 62, 87–89, 104, 109, 276, 281, 300–302, 304, 306, 308n33, 311, 372, 390
and common people
360
and Confucianism
75, 93n23
deities of
38–39, 75–82, 184n9, 233n8, 247n16, 249, 268, 270, 275–326, 352–353, 360, 372, 373, 389, 391, 395
and fortunetelling
132–134
and funerals
104
gender in
292n20, 304
and ghosts and spirits
275–326, 334–335, 395
illustrations of
13 fig.1.1, 44 fig.1.11, 45 fig.1.12, 47 fig.1.13, 48 fig.1.14, 89 fig.2.10, 90 fig.2.11, 106 fig.2.20, 250 fig.7.12, 280 fig.8.1, 301 fig.8.11
and land contracts
399
and medicine
137, 142
and personal writings
403
“pivot” (shu 樞) in
133n23
and popular religion
7, 8, 273n1, 274
Quanzhen 全真 (Complete Perfection) school of
283n11
religious specialists in
2, 39n23, 96, 104, 133, 275, 277–279, 282, 295, 304, 311, 315, 326, 327, 332, 355, 359, 361
rituals of
111, 137, 139, 140, 279–281, 284, 290, 327–328, 330–332, 360
talismans in
42–46, 395
and yoga
384
Zhengyi 正一 (Orthodox Unity) school of
43, 285, 326, 328n3, 385
of Zhuangzi
80
dating
7, 12, 365
of astrology texts
176–178, 196
and calligraphy
170
and paper
83
of religious texts
9, 78, 315, 320
of vocabulary lists
14, 27, 32, 93, 131
See also particular titles
deities (shen 神): in astrology
175, 182, 184n9
Buddhist
38, 247n16, 248, 249, 250 fig.7.12, 268, 269n36, 270, 302–303, 360
chants for
88
and common people
7, 269, 273–278, 282–284, 292, 300, 306, 308, 310, 325, 326, 367, 378
couplets for
245–251
Daoist
38–39, 75–82, 184n9, 233n8, 247n16, 249, 250 fig.7.12, 268, 270, 275–326, 352–353, 360, 372, 373, 389, 391, 395
and fortunetelling
197 fig.5.14
and ghosts and spirits
352–353
hierarchy of
274–275, 276, 321
high-ranking
276–291
legal system of
58n43
local
320–321
low-ranking
306–321
Manchu
247
middle-ranking
292–306
and Mr. Bai
260, 267, 268–269
and Mr. Qian
260, 270
of plague
325
in popular religion
7, 38–39, 40, 273–275, 373, 410
and rituals
53–55
in South China
260
star (xingshen 星神)
40, 46–47, 48, 54, 55, 175, 181, 182, 184n9, 291n19, 292, 339, 347
in Taiwan
75
See also particular gods and spirits
Deity of Clear Sight (Yanguang 眼光)
248, 268
diaries
387, 390, 401, 402, 412
Dingchou shenjiang 丁丑神將 (Zhao Ziyu 趙子玉; Oxhead Spirit General)
332n7, 351 fig.9.10
Dizang King (Dizang wang 地藏王)
317, 318, 324, 391
doctors, herbal (langzhong 郎中): chaoben used by
4, 134–139, 379, 399–400
and common people
359, 360, 366
literacy of
52, 139
at markets
121 fig.3.6
ritual specialists as
379
scribes as
54
teachers as
170
xiucai as
2, 25, 146, 158–159
See also medicine, Chinese
Domestic Gold and Silver (neizao jinyinsu 內造金銀素)
374, 407–408
Dong Chengxiang 董成祥
386, 401
Dong Gongda 董恭達
126–130
Dong Yongfa 董永發
162
Dragon King of the Well (Jinglongwang 井龍王)
247, 268
Dragon kings (Long wang 龍王)
320–321, 324, 325, 371–372, 384
Du Ping 杜平
334
Du Yuping 杜玉平
x, 74n7, 318n45
Du Zuxun 杜澤遜
x
education
143–172
and calligraphy
3, 19, 23, 110, 140–141, 207, 209
of common people
186 fig.5.6, 361–362, 367
elementary (qimeng 啟蒙)
143, 146–147, 148 fig.4.2, 155, 170, 172, 228, 372, 389–390
and examinations
66–67, 147
morality in
147, 161
of Mr. Bai
254, 266, 268
of Mr. Qian
254, 266
new system of
227–229, 267–268, 269, 397
poetry in
361
and social status
25, 146, 170
in South China
256
of teachers
51
teaching materials in
143, 149–163, 154 fig.4.4, 155, 166 fig.4.9, 401–402, 409
and vocabulary lists
25–31, 112
of xiucai
23, 25, 66–67, 93, 364
See also teachers
“Efficacious True Sutra of the God of Medicine” (Lingying Yaowang zhenjing 靈應藥王真經)
391
Eight Effective Formulas (Ba qinkoujue 八親口決)
327–329, 329 fig.9.1, 374–375
Elliott, Mark
12n3
Elman, Benjamin A.
52
essays
66–74, 369, 388
classical (wenyanwen 文言文)
227n2
eight-legged (bagu 八股)
147n4, 389
by Mr. Bai
231–233, 382
by students
361, 401–402
eulogies (jiwen 祭文)
62, 373, 375, 376–377, 397, 403
in Korea and Japan
411, 413
models for
53, 245, 410
Eulogies (Mansa 만사/輓詞)
375, 413
Evening Altar Text (Wantan gongke 晚壇功課)
391
Exalted Jade Emperor Precious Repentances for Forgiveness of Sins (Gaoshang Yuhuang youzui baochan 高上玉皇宥罪寶懺)
290n18
examinations, civil-service
2, 13, 75, 93, 155, 359, 372
and education
66–67, 147
eight-legged essays in
147n4, 389
and genealogy
214
in Korea
265n34
and literacy
52
and Mr. Bai
268
and Mr. Qian
261 fig.7.17, 263, 265–266, 270–271
and social status
144, 146
and teachers
143, 144
See also xiucai
Exchanging Conventional Greetings (Hanwon ch’arok 한훤차록/寒暄劄錄)
375, 412
“Family Instructions” (zhijia geyan 治家格言; Yixuan)
72n6, 73 fig.2.3
Family Registry (Jiabu 家簿)
214n8, 220n13, 375–376
fate, charts of (mingpan 命盤)
180 fig.5.3, 181, 370, 400
Feng Yuxiang 馮玉祥
402
fengshui 風水 (geomancy)
48, 332, 401
fiction: vs. chaoben
1, 366
ghosts and spirits in
335n13
and legal cases
60, 396, 406
in personal writings
402
Fifty Days to Encounter the Five Spirits (Wushi zhiri feng wudao 五十之日逢五道)
334–336, 339, 340 fig.9.4, 341 fig.9.5, 344–346, 352, 356, 376
translation of
416–430
filial piety (xiao 孝)
75, 77–78, 79 fig.2.6, 119, 306, 318, 389
fire god (huoshen 火神)
248, 250 fig.7.12, 268
“First Fu on the Red Wall” (Qian chibi fu 前赤壁賦; Su Shi)
69
five elements (wuxing 五行)
55, 122, 175, 344, 347
Five Generals (Obang janggun 오방장군/五方將軍)
291
Five Lords (dijun 帝君)
291
five robbers (wudao 五盜)
334, 344
Five-Antis (Wufan 五反) campaign
194
Fortunes (Ming 命)
376, 400
fortunetellers (suanmingshi 算命師)
359, 376, 383, 398
advertising by
133–134
and astrology
124, 125 fig.3.8
and auspicious days
339
businesses of
260
and Daoism
132–134
and ghosts and spirits
324
illustrations of
114 fig.3.2, 121 fig.3.6, 197 fig.5.14, 354 fig.9.13
legal advisors as
57 fig.1.16, 58, 61, 62, 385
literacy of
52
on marriage
132–134
scribes as
54
and stem-branch system
122, 180, 347
and talismans
400
teachers as
162
texts of
22, 55, 90 fig.2.11, 123 fig.3.7, 124, 125 fig.3.8, 400, 411
xiucai as
25, 56, 63, 146
four elements (sida 四大)
156
Four Sovereigns (Siyu 四御)
282–283, 284n11
Funeral Orations (Jiwen 祭文)
62, 376–377
funerals
104, 106
auspicious days for
48, 332, 339
eulogies at
53, 375, 376
and ghosts and spirits
307 fig.8.13, 310, 315, 318, 356
matching couplets for
245, 246 fig.7.11, 272
writings for
126, 245, 272, 373, 380, 409, 410, 411, 413–414
Gamble, Sidney
x–xi
gazetteers, local (difangzhi 地方志)
222n14, 253n25, 263n33
Ge Huanli 戈煥禮
x
genealogies (jiapu 家譜)
7, 12, 13, 19n13, 199–225, 395–396
attitudes towards ancestors in
29, 38, 199, 225, 361
calligraphy in
204, 206 fig.6.5, 207, 209
covers of
202 fig.6.2, 203
and Japanese occupation
209, 211 fig.6.8, 212n5
in Korea and Japan
411
on marriage
216–220
oral transmission of
212n6
paper in
201, 215n8
Republican-era
224–225
and social status
7, 214, 216, 222–223
women in
216, 392
Geng Yanzheng 耿彥正
334
geographic origins
137, 365, 366
and book markets
62n46, 174
and deities
347
of vocabulary lists
27, 93, 101
See also particular titles
ghosts and spirits (guishen 鬼神)
273–357, 361, 367, 374–375, 377, 378
and common people
334–335, 350–357, 360
Daoist
275–326, 334–335, 395
and deities
352–353
in fiction
335n13
and funerals
310, 315, 318, 356
in Hell
306–320
hierarchy of
352
illustrations of
307 fig.8.13, 333 fig.9.2, 340 fig.9.4, 351 fig.9.10
in Japan
323n50, 335n13, 353 fig.9.12
lowest-ranking
327–333
and marriage
371, 382
and medicine
341–344, 370, 391
negative vs. positive
323–326
and psychological issues
400
and ritual specialists
275, 324, 332, 355, 356–357
small (xiaogui 小鬼)
310, 318
and stem-branch system
340 fig.9.4, 347–348, 351 fig.9.10
in Taiwan
352–353, 355–356
and yinyang masters
275, 279, 324, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336
goblins (dousha 斗煞, yaogui 妖鬼)
7, 275, 331–333, 335, 340 fig.9.4, 360, 376
Japanese
353 fig.9.12
Golden Bough, The (Dajinzhi 大金枝)
377, 405–406
government, Chinese: clerks and scribes for
2, 25, 150–151
and currency
50n33
and education
227–229
and ghosts and spirits
44, 276, 325
local
32, 385, 398
official career in (dang guan 當官)
8, 32, 67, 144, 181, 184, 185 fig.5.5, 245, 263, 268, 359
post-1911
51–53, 394
PRC
191n11, 194–196, 285, 290
in vocabulary lists
32, 112, 394
Grandfather of Heaven (Laotianye 老天爺)
See Jade Emperor
Gu Yitang 顧義堂
284–285, 286 fig.8.2, 373
Guangxu 光緒 emperor
72n6
Guanyin 觀音 (Goddess of Mercy; Avalokiteśvara)
260, 269n36, 302, 303n31, 323, 346
Guo Ai 郭曖
377, 405
Guo Changyun 郭長雲
32, 33 fig.1.7, 115, 394
Guo Shengkui 郭生魁
32, 33 fig.1.7, 115, 394
Guo Ziyi 郭子儀
377, 405
Guomindang 國民黨 (Nationalist Party)
51n33, 93, 151, 191 fig.5.11, 193, 365, 371
Hanlin 翰林 Academy (Beijing)
265, 270
Hao Liugui 郝留桂
378, 400
Harbin Municipal Architecture and Art Museum (Haerbinshi jianzhu yishuguan 哈爾濱市建築藝術館)
217 fig.6.11
Hase, Patrick H.
15
Hayashi Kyūe 林久恵
416
Hayes, James
15
He Jinliang 何錦樑
134–139, 142, 379, 400
He Jun 何俊
x
He Wumeng 何無夢
x, 179, 347n21
He Zhaohui 何朝暉
ix, 11n, 13, 61n44
Hell (diyu 地獄)
306–320, 324, 350, 361, 370, 378
and women
316 fig.8.17, 317, 318, 319 fig.8.18, 391
Hero Mountain Cultural Market (Yingxionshan wenhua shichang 英雄山文化市場)
200–201, 201 fig.6.1
Hinduism
302, 323, 372, 384
Hŏ Kasŏn 허가선/許嘉善
413
Hong Kong
67, 75, 356
Household Almanac (Jujia biyong 居家必用)
377–378
How to Cure Illness (Bing zhi fang 病治方)
378, 400
Huang Tianxia 黃天霞
396, 406
Huang Yongquan 黃湧泉 (Huang Daozong 黃道宗)
43–44, 45 fig.1.12, 47 fig.1.13, 48 fig.1.14, 395
humor
6
and apologia
66–82, 108
in kuaiban routines
70–71
Idema, Wilt
x
Illustrated List of Common Words (Huitu suyan zazi 繪圖俗言雜字)
112n4, 378
Illustrated Precious Jade Calendar to Save the World (Huitu Yuli baochao quanshiwen 繪圖玉暦寶鈔勸世文)
309n36, 378
“In Praise of the Five Early Emperors” (Wudi benji zan 五帝本紀贊; Shiji)
69
Incantations to Send Off Ghosts (Songgui chongzhou 送鬼崇咒)
347–349, 349 fig.9.8, 378
Inglis, Alister
x
instructional texts
143, 149–163, 155, 401–402, 409
covers of
154 fig.4.4, 166 fig.4.9
paper in
150
Internal and External Medical Complaints (Neiwaike yanke zazheng 內外科眼科雜症)
110–111, 134–139, 135 fig.3.13, 138 fig.3.14, 140 fig.3.15, 142, 379, 400
Invitations and Matching Couplets (Tieshi duilian 帖式對聯)
120 fig.3.5, 126–130, 127 fig.3.9, 379, 409
Islam
323
Items for Mourning (Ch’osang ch’egu 초상제구初喪諸具)
380, 413–414
Jade Emperor (Yuhuang dadi 玉皇大帝; Laotianye 老天爺)
276n3, 283–287, 290–291, 298 fig.8.10, 323, 373, 385
and Mr. Bai
247, 249, 268
and Mr. Qian
261, 270
Japan: chaoben from
380, 384–385, 411–412, 415–416
classical Chinese (wenyanwen 文言文) in
411
Confucianism in
411, 413–414
education in
228
ghosts and spirits in
323n50, 335n13, 353 fig.9.12
manuscript culture in
4, 11n
National Diet Library in
402
paper in
17
and personal writings
403
Japanese occupation
200, 209, 211 fig.6.8
of Beijing
151
of Korea
415
of Manchuria
136n25, 371, 409
of Shandong
211, 212n5
of Shanghai
189 fig.5.9, 362
and Wenzhou
191 fig.5.11, 192–193
Jiang Shang 姜尚 (Taigong 太公)
233n8
See also “Taigong diaoyu”
Jiang Wen 姜文
233, 234 fig.7.3, 267
Jingu qiguan 今古奇觀 (Strange Stories Ancient and Modern)
80
July 1, 1924 (Minguo shisan nian qiyue chuyiri 民國十三年七月初一日)
402
Kaiping 開平 (Guangdong Province)
228n3, 253, 259, 263n33, 266, 270, 382
Kangxi zidian (Kangxi Dictionary)
62n46, 376–377
Kim, Sunjoo 金善珠김선주
x, 404
Kim Ch’unsŏng 김춘성/金春成
414
King of Horses (Mawang 馬王)
247, 268
kitchen god (zaojun 皂君)
245, 247, 258, 260, 268, 341 fig.9.5, 345, 347, 348
Kleinman, Arthur
20, 64
Knapp, Ronald
x
Kobayashi Tadao 小林忠夫
x
Korea: book-binding style of
150, 154 fig.4.4, 393
chaoben from
376–377, 380, 383, 411–415
Chinese classical learning in
370, 373, 404, 411
Chosŏn 조선/朝鮮 period
370, 375, 380, 404, 411–412, 413, 414
civil-service examinations in
265n34
Japan in
415
manuscript culture in
4, 11n
paper in
17, 412
politics in
414
popular culture in
21n15, 231n6
shaman rituals in
291
texts from
70n4, 147n4, 404
kuaiban 快板 routines
70–71
Lai Afong 赖阿芳
197 fig.5.14
land contracts (diqi 地契)
1, 229n4, 373, 380, 381, 398–399, 404, 410
Land Contracts of the Tang 湯 Family of Hanyang (Hanyang Tang-shi diqiji 漢陽湯氏地契集)
380, 399
Land Documents (Densho meitsuki shōmon Mukai 田所名附證文向)
380, 416
Laozi 老子
277–279, 281, 282, 295–296, 297 fig.8.9, 387
Lee, Jonghyun 李鍾玄
x, 231n6
Leete, William
x
legal advisors (songshi 訟師; songguan’er 訟棍兒)
260, 363, 366, 385, 398
and common people
56–61, 385
fortunetellers as
57 fig.1.16, 58, 61, 62, 385
and traditional rituals
53
use of chaoben by
4, 22, 56–61
xiucai as
2, 25, 57 fig.1.16, 58, 63, 146
legal cases: fictional
60, 396, 406
and social status
363
and women
60–61
legal texts
57 fig.1.16, 58–61, 62, 385, 404–405
Leigong 雷公 (god of thunder)
278, 328, 374, 395
Li Bai 李白
124
Li Donglin 李棟琳
x, 199n
Li Guoqing 李國慶
14, 15n7
Li Hongduo 李洪鐸
390
Li Linxiang 李林祥
x
Li Mi 李密
67, 369
Li Ren-yuan 李仁淵
ix, 11n, 12
Li Si 李思
334
Li Yaguang 李亞廣
204n2, 384
Li Yuanhong 黎元洪
251–253, 252 fig.7.13, 268
Li Yunjie 李雲傑
x, 199n
Li Zhisong 李志松
x
Liang Qichao 梁啟超
215 fig.6.10
Lin Weiping 林瑋平
11n
Lin Yiping 林一平
x
lingpai 令牌 (command placard blocks)
327
List of Characters to Teach the People, A (Shenqun shunzi 申群順字)
27, 28 fig.1.4, 30 fig.1.6, 34, 112–115, 113 fig.3.1, 380–381
literacy: and astrology
198
of common people
1–2, 62, 145 fig.4.1, 186 fig.5.6, 358, 359, 361–362
of doctors
52, 139
income from
25, 226, 227, 233, 241, 253, 254, 260, 264 fig.7.19, 266, 269, 271, 272
of legal advisors
56
Mao Zedong on
52–53
of Mr. Bai
226–227, 228, 244, 266
of ritual specialists
39, 52
and vocabulary lists
25–31, 109, 111–112, 115
of xiucai
2, 25, 63, 66
Liu Borong 劉柏榮
289 fig.8.5, 290
Liu Daochao 劉道超
323–326
Liu Fengge 劉鳳閣 (Liu Phoenix Hall)
19n12, 381
Liu laoshi 劉老師 (Teacher Liu)
169 fig.4.12
Liu Weisheng 劉衛生
112n4, 378
Liu Xiaoli 劉曉麗
x
Liu Xun 劉迅
328n3
Liu Zhilong 劉志龍
390
Liulichang xiaozhi 琉璃廠小志 (A Short Account of Liulichang; Sun Dianqi)
82, 83
Liulichang 琉璃廠 (Beijing market district)
82–83, 151n11, 153
Lu Shuxian 呂淑賢
x, 17n10
“Luck” (Shiyun 時運)
69–72, 74
Lunheng 論衡 (Balanced Inquiries; Wang Chong)
69n4, 147n4, 370
Lunyu 論語 (Analects of Confucius)
146, 147n4
Luo Ruitang 羅銳棠
371, 408
Ma Family Land Contracts (Mashi diqi 馬氏地契)
381, 399
Ma Jiwu 馬驥伍 (personal writings)
381–382, 403
Ma Zhixiang 馬芷庠
153n12
Manchukuo
136n25, 371, 409
Manchuria
148 fig.4.2, 149, 221 fig.6.14, 365, 381, 394, 403
Manchus
216, 222, 247, 251, 396
See also Qing dynasty
manuscript culture
4–5, 11–64
and copying services
150
in Japan and Korea
4, 11n
popular (minjian chaobenwenhua 民間抄本文化)
15, 62
Mao Zedong
52–53, 407
marginalia
6, 56, 110–142, 279, 364
advertising in
121–126, 134, 141–142
and authors’ personalities
128, 134–139, 141–142
by itinerant merchants
126–131
and marriage advice
132–134
morality in
111–120
markets: antiques (guwancheng 古玩城; jiuhuo shichang 舊貨市場)
5, 8, 82, 200–201, 227
book
168, 173–174
foreign
408, 411
Hero Mountain
200–201, 201 fig.6.1
illustrations of
26 fig.1.3, 29 fig.1.5, 37 fig.1.10, 114 fig.3.2, 121 fig.3.6, 132 fig.3.12, 145 fig.4.1, 171 fig.4.13, 176 fig.5.1, 183 fig.5.4, 197 fig.5.14, 217 fig.6.11, 220 fig.6.13, 242 fig.7.8, 293 fig.8.6, 352 fig.9.11, 354 fig.9.13
Liulichang
82–83, 151n11, 153
Panjiayuan
5, 143, 169, 227, 290, 352 fig.9.11, 376
services at
359, 362, 363, 385
temple fair (miaohui 廟會)
121 fig.3.6, 151n11, 173–174
texts from
272, 361, 369, 399–400, 401, 404
marriage: advice on
54–56, 89–90, 132–134, 349n22
auspicious days for
55
couplets for
359, 362–363, 373
between families
218, 223
in genealogy
216–220
and ghosts and spirits
371, 382, 387
in Korea and Japan
411
legal cases on
60
to multiple wives
216, 222
sample writings for
409, 410
in vocabulary lists
118, 120 fig.3.5
Mazu 媽祖 (Empress of Heaven, Tianhou 天后)
260, 270
McDermott, Joseph
16n9
medical texts
110–111, 134–139, 138 fig.3.14, 140 fig.3.15, 142, 379
drawings in
399–400
in Korea and Japan
411
medicine, Chinese (hanfang 漢方)
378, 379
and Buddhist deities
302–303
and Daoism
137, 142
and ghosts and spirits
341–344, 370, 391
and psychological issues
400
recipes for
1, 22, 63, 157–159
in religious texts
282
in rural areas
340–341
and stem-branch system
336n13
and teachers
170
Mengzi 孟子 (Mencius)
146, 339n14
merchants
25, 56, 293 fig.8.6
book
173–174
couplets for
258 fig.7.16, 259
ledgers of (zhangshu 賬書)
315, 381, 387, 392, 399, 406–409
and Mr. Bai
240, 241 fig.7.7, 242 fig.7.8
and Mr. Qian
271
numbers used by
377, 409
poetry by
63, 127 fig.3.9, 128–130
traveling (xingshang 行商)
126–134
Meulenbeld, Mark R.E.
331
Meyer, Michael
356
moneylenders
387, 407
Mongolian language
155
morality, conventional: and apologia
97
of common people
111–120
Confucian
67, 75, 78, 81, 115, 156n17, 267, 389
in education
147, 161
and legal cases
60
and Mr. Bai
237, 239 fig.7.6
Republican-era
200, 224
and social status
141
and Thousand-Character Classic
156
in vocabulary lists
29, 31, 32–38, 111–120, 364, 381, 394
Morning Altar Text (Zaotan gongke 早壇功課)
390
Morrison, Hedda H.
354 fig.9.13
Morse, William
x
mourning rites
245, 246 fig.7.11, 270, 380, 413–414
Mr. Bai’s Notebook (Bai xiansheng zhi chaoben 白先生之抄本)
230–252 figs.7.1–13, 382
author of
227–253, 361–362, 363, 366
dates of
251–253
geographic origin of
240, 266, 268, 271
and Mr. Bai’s community
237–240, 251, 258–260, 266–268, 363, 366
and Mr. Bai’s income
226, 227, 233, 241 fig.7.7, 266, 269, 382
vs. Mr. Qian’s
253–254, 259, 260, 266–272
Mr. Qian’s Notebook (Qian xiansheng zhi chaoben 錢先生之抄本)
255 fig.7.14, 257 fig.7.15, 258 fig.7.16, 382
author of
253–266, 269–270, 271, 363
dates of
266
geographic origin of
254, 270
vs. Mr. Bai’s
253–254, 259, 260, 266–272
and Mr. Qian’s community
254, 256, 258–260, 264 fig.7.19, 266, 270, 363
and Mr. Qian’s income
266
Mydans, Carl
26 fig.1.3
names: of authors
19n12, 222, 381
on covers
9, 32, 45 fig.1.12, 93, 122, 275n2, 335n13, 337 fig.9.3, 348n22
generational (zibei 字輩)
204, 206, 216, 220, 376, 403
honorific (hao 號)
204, 214, 216, 222, 392
religious
279, 285, 295
National Code (Kyŏngguk taejŏn 경국대전/經國大典)
414
Nationalist government
See Guomindang
New Collection of Regular and Commercial Couplets (Gonghe putong shangyong duilian xinbian 共和普通商用對聯新編)
251n22, 382
Noji Kaeko 野地香惠子
x
On the Foundation of Marriage (This Edition) Free of Mistakes (Hunyuanjiang, wushi 婚元講勿失)
54–56, 89–90, 90 fig.2.11, 91 fig.2.12, 92 fig.2.13, 109, 132–134, 141, 382–383
One Thousand Three Hundred Words (Ch’on sambaekcha 천삼백자/千三百字)
383, 414–415
opera, traditional
358, 377, 405–406
oral recitation: of religious texts
5–6, 39–42, 44, 62, 87–89, 104, 109, 276, 281, 300–302, 304, 306, 308n33, 311, 312 fig.8.15, 321, 372, 390
of stories
396, 406
Osawa Akihiro 大澤顕浩
x
Overmyer, Daniel
21n16
Panjiayuan Market (Beijing) 北京潘家園舊貨市場
5, 143, 169, 227, 290, 352 fig.9.11, 376
paper: and apologia
104
in Astrologer’s Predictions
175
calendars used as
404–405
currency made of
349n22, 355
and dating
83
in genealogy
201, 215n8
handmade
3, 8–9, 13, 16
insecticide-treated
126, 127
in Korea and Japan
17, 412
manufacture of
17–19
of Mr. Bai
227, 253, 266
of Mr. Qian
253, 266, 270
in religious texts
78, 299, 302, 315, 320
in teaching materials
150
types of
16–17
of vocabulary lists
27, 32
pawnshops (dangpu 當鋪)
136, 221 fig.6.14, 259, 262 fig.7.18, 371
records of
408–409
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
191n11
founding of
194
and religion
285, 290
See also Communist Party, Chinese
performance texts
70–71, 377, 405–406
personal writings
372, 381–382, 402–403
Petitions to the Thunder Altar (Fengzhi chiling leitan 奉旨敕令雷壇)
281n8, 345 fig.9.6, 346 fig.9.7, 383
poetry: advertising for
152, 153
in education
361
in horoscopes
184
as marginalia
ix, 110, 119–120, 127 fig.3.9, 128–130, 141
by merchants
63, 127 fig.3.9, 128–130
morality in
364
and Mr. Bai
226, 229, 236, 240, 267, 382
reference books for
62, 386, 401
in religious texts
78, 80
and rhyming phrases
27, 28 fig.1.4, 29, 112, 114, 120 fig.3.5, 131 fig.3.11, 155, 376, 386, 396, 401
in rituals
53
in vocabulary lists
32–38, 112, 119–120, 394
Popular Knowledge, Volume 3 (Tonggam, gwanji sam 통감 권지삼/通鑑卷之三)
383, 412
“Popular Medical Advisor” (Minzhong yiyao guwen 民眾醫藥顧問)
379
Practical Cures (Shiyan liangfang 實驗良方)
134–135, 140 fig.3.15
Prayers to the Dragon King (Longwang fashi 龍王法事)
320–321, 322 fig.8.19, 384
Precious Mirror of the Li Family (Lishi chuanjia baojian 李氏傳家寶鑑)
204n2, 384
Precious Repentances to the Lord Who Relieves Suffering (Taiyi jiuku baochan 太乙救苦寶懺)
308n33
Precious Repentances to the Supreme Three Officials (Taishang sanguan baochan 太上三官寶懺)
304
Precious Repentances to the Three Primes (Sanyuan baochan 三元寶懺; Text D)
302–304, 306, 384
printing: of chaoben
11, 62, 67, 83–87, 108, 130, 369, 372, 375, 378, 382, 383, 388, 389, 392, 393, 412
vs. handwritten texts
11, 62, 383
lithographic (石印 shiyin)
4, 11, 111, 129 fig.3.10, 285, 388, 389, 392, 412
of religious texts
274, 277, 285, 286 fig.8.2, 288 fig.8.4, 290n18, 295, 378
of school texts
147n4
of vocabulary lists
83–87, 111, 112n4
woodblock (木板 muban)
3, 4, 67, 83–87, 274, 285, 286 fig.8.2, 295, 309n36, 369, 372, 375, 378, 381, 383, 388, 393, 405, 411, 412
punctuation
5–6, 69, 174, 384, 401, 411
Pure Land (Jingtu 淨土)
314
Puyi 溥儀, emperor
136n25, 371, 409
Qian Yicheng 淺一誠
40
Qin Yicheng 秦一誠
299, 386
Qing dynasty: fall of
32, 93n21, 192, 251, 253
opposition to
251, 396
Qu Runtian 曲潤田
348n22, 378
Qu Xiaofan 曲曉范
x
Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida
52
“Record of One’s Emotions” (Chenqingbiao 陳情表; Li Mi)
67
Records Prepared in 1811 (Bunka hachinen fuyu okakitsuki 文化八年冬御書附)
384–385, 415–416
Red Shore, The (Hongpu 洪浦)
57 fig.1.16, 58–61, 62, 385, 404
religion, popular
357, 361, 398
and Buddhism
38, 273n1, 274, 345, 360
and Daoism
7, 8, 273n1, 274
deities of
7, 38–39, 40, 273–275, 373, 410
religious specialists: criticism of
93, 95 fig.2.15, 96–97
Daoist
2, 39n23, 96, 104, 133, 275, 277–279, 282, 295, 304, 311, 315, 326, 327, 332, 355, 359, 361, 379
and deities
276, 277–278, 279, 282
and ghosts and spirits
275, 324, 327, 332, 355, 356–357
literacy of
39, 52
personal writings of
403
and religious texts
290, 315, 320, 384, 390, 395
services of
22, 260, 304, 379
shamans (saman 薩滿 wuxi 巫覡)
291, 325, 326
and talismans
395
xiucai as
2, 53–54, 63
religious texts
38–52, 273–357, 398
Buddhist
87, 302, 390–391
calligraphy in
53, 75n8, 284, 315, 336n13, 361, 393
copyists of
42–43, 45 fig.1.12, 88, 285, 295, 297, 299, 304, 306
covers of
76 fig.2.4, 78, 90 fig.2.11, 282, 286 fig.8.2, 302, 305 fig.8.12, 306, 312 fig.8.15, 316 fig.8.17, 322 fig.8.19
dating of
9, 78, 315, 320
hand-copied
8, 9, 15
information in
282, 364–365
Japanese and Korean
411, 412
oral recitation of
5–6, 39–42, 44, 62, 87–89, 104, 109, 276, 281, 300–302, 304, 306, 308n33, 311, 312 fig.8.15, 321, 372, 390
paper in
78, 299, 302, 315, 320
poetry in
78, 80
popular use of
22, 367
printed
274, 277, 285, 286 fig.8.2, 288 fig.8.4, 290n18, 295, 304, 306, 309n36, 378
seals in
42, 43, 46, 47 fig.1.13, 282, 285, 289 fig.8.5, 290, 372, 373
stem-branch system in
282, 344–346
See also particular titles
Ren An 任安
334
Repentance in Homage to Heaven, Complete (Chaotian chan, quan quan 朝天懺，全券)
285, 288 fig.8.4, 289 fig.8.5, 290, 385
Repentances to the Supreme Three Primes to Forgive Sins (Taishang sanyuan you zui fachan 太上三元宥罪法懺; Text B)
40–41, 263n32, 299, 305 fig.8.12, 306, 386
Repentances to the Three Officials (Sanguan chan 三官懺; Text A)
294 fig.8.7, 295–299, 296 fig.8.8, 304, 386
Republic of China (Zhonghua minguo 中華民國)
190 fig.5.10, 192, 252 fig.7.13, 253, 371, 408
Revolution of 1911
190 fig.5.10, 192, 251–253
Rhyming Dictionary (Yinyun ziyi 音韻字義)
386, 401
Riches Bestowed (Qianjinfu 千金賦)
46–48, 49 fig.1.15, 148–149, 386–387
riddles
159–161, 160 fig.4.6, 350n22
ritual texts (keyiben 科儀本)
39, 42, 43, 87, 285, 289 fig.8.5, 290, 403
See also religious texts
rituals: Confucian
411, 412
Daoist
111, 137, 139, 140, 279–281, 284, 290, 327–328, 330–332, 360
shamanic
291
in Taiwan
328n4
traditional family
53–55
Ropp, Paul
x, 52
Ruili Accounts (Ruili qingchaozhang 芮裡清抄賬)
387, 407
Russia
390, 401
sample writings
409–410, 411
Sanjiao soushen daquan 三教搜神大全 (Great Compendium of the Unseen Spirits of the Three Teachings)
334n10
scribes (daishu 代書)
5, 392, 409
and government
2, 25, 150–151
at markets
26 fig.1.3, 121 fig.3.6, 217 fig.6.11
services of
54–55, 150, 260
xiucai as
2, 25, 63, 146
Scripture of Repentance (Chanhuijing 懺悔經)
284, 372–373
seals
9–10
of authors
123 fig.3.7, 385, 414
and copying services
150, 392
on covers
43, 69n3, 153, 170, 282, 372
on fortunetelling texts
123 fig.3.7, 124, 393
on horoscope
181–182
in Korea chaoben
414
on land contracts
380, 398
in religious texts
42, 43, 46, 47 fig.1.13, 282, 285, 289 fig.8.5, 290, 372, 373
Seaman, Gary
46n30
Secret Text for Summoning the Snake (Shechuan miben 蛇傳秘本)
277–283, 280 fig.8.1, 338n14, 356, 387–388
Selected Essays (Jingxuan shiwen 精選時文)
388, 402
sexuality: and ghosts and spirits
331n6
in legal cases
60–61
in personal writings
381, 403
in vocabulary lists
34, 36, 38, 118
shanben 善本 (excellent reliable copies)
15, 16
Shandong
209, 211, 212n5, 221–222
Shanghai United Friendship Society (Shanghai lianyishe 上海聯誼社)
135, 140 fig.3.15, 379
Shanhaijing 山海經 (Classic of the Mountains and Rivers)
332n7
Shao Yunfei 邵韻霏
x, 179n6
Shen Chunshun 申群順
112n5
Shengping, Princess (Shengping gongzhu 升平公主)
377, 405
Shi Shilun 施世綸
396, 406
Shiji 史記 (Book of History; Sima Qian)
69
Shortcut to Vocabulary Words (Jiejing zazi 捷徑雜字)
83–87, 84 fig.2.7, 86 fig.2.8, 87 fig.2.9, 388–389
Shum Chun (Shen Jin 沈津)
215n8, 376
Shun 舜, Emperor
69
Sima Qian 司馬遷
69
Singapore
24 fig.1.2, 356
Six-Word Vocabulary List (Liuyan zazi 六言雜字)
104–108, 105 fig.2.19, 106 fig.2.20, 388
social status: and apologia
88, 97, 98 fig.2.16, 108, 300
and common people
359, 363–364
and education
25, 146, 170
and examinations
144, 146, 265
and genealogies
7, 214, 216, 222–223, 376
and government posts
144, 181
in Korea and Japan
411, 413
and legal issues
363
and morality
141
and Mr. Bai
240, 268
and Mr. Qian
254–255, 256, 263, 265, 266, 269–271
and multiple wives
216, 222
of teachers
143, 146, 149
and vocabulary lists
36 fig.1.9, 108, 109, 118–119
of xiucai
2, 6, 24 fig.1.2, 25, 142, 146, 149, 359, 366, 409
Sohel, Belal
x
Song by the Wenchang Emperor Advocating Filial Piety (Wenchang dijun qinxiao ge 文昌帝君勤孝歌)
13 fig.1.1, 66, 75–82, 79 fig.2.6, 389
Song Zhiwen 宋之問
236n11
souls (hunpo 魂魄)
308–309, 310, 331
spirit generals (shenjiang 神將)
327–330, 353, 370–371, 374, 383, 395
and Chinese medicine
343–344
in Fifty Days to Encounter the Five Spirits
334, 335
illustrations of
308 fig.8.14, 337 fig.9.3, 351 fig.9.10
spirit possession
44, 46, 48 fig.1.14
Standard Elementary Education (Zhengyi qimeng 正義啓蒙)
147n4, 389–390
Standard Literary Styles (Samun ryujung 사문류중/事文類眾)
412
stem-branch (ganzhi 干支) system (heavenly stems and earthly branches; tian’gan dizhi 天干地支)
336–347
in astrology
175, 178, 181, 182, 184
and auspicious days
339
and fortunetelling
122, 180, 347
and ghosts and spirits
347–348, 351 fig.9.10, 378
in religious texts
282, 344–346
sixty-year/day cycle of
338, 340 fig.9.4, 376
storytellers
145 fig.4.1
texts of (pingshu 評書 huaben 話)
396, 406
stove god (zaoshen 灶神)
324, 363, 371
See also kitchen god
Student Li Hongduo (Xuesheng Li Hongduo 學生李洪鐸)
390, 401
Su Shi 蘇軾
69
Sun Dianqi 孫殿起
82n13
Sun Li 孫立
334
Sun Yan 孫嵒
x
Sun Zhu 孫洙
229n5
Supreme Morning Text for Becoming an Immortal (Taishang xiuzhen chenke 太上修真晨課)
310–314, 313 fig.8.16, 390
cover of
312 fig.8.15
Survey of Ancient Texts (Guwen guanzhi 古文觀止)
67
Sutra of the City God, Sutra of the Dead (Chenghuang jing, Duwang jing 城隍經度亡經)
315–320, 316 fig.8.17, 319 fig.8.18, 391–392
Suzhou numerals (Suzhou mazi 蘇州碼子)
377, 409
Szonyi, Michael
x, 12n3, 206n3
“Taigong diaoyu” 太公釣魚 (Taigong Goes Fishing)
229–231, 230 fig.7.1, 232, 233, 267, 269
Taiping rebellion
266
Taishang ganying pian 太上感應篇 (Folios of the Most High on Retribution)
277
Taiwan
7, 67, 75, 328n4
ghosts and spirits in
352–353, 355–356
talismans (fu 符)
360–361
and Chinese medicine
344, 370, 371
examples of
44 fig.1.11, 48 fig.1.14, 329 fig.9.1, 337 fig.9.3, 345 fig.9.6, 351 fig.9.10
and family rituals
55
in fortunetelling texts
383, 400
in religious texts
295, 327n1, 330, 334n9, 335, 336n13, 374
texts on
42–46, 395
trance writing of
48 fig.1.14, 395
and yinyang masters
133, 383
Talking about Vocabulary Lists (Shuo zazi 說雜字)
130–131, 131 fig.3.11, 392
Tang Chengliang 唐承樑
207, 208 fig.6.6, 212
Tang Family Genealogy (Tangshi jiapu 唐氏家譜)
199–225, 392
cover of
202 fig.6.2, 203
dates in
200, 201, 207, 209, 222
geographical origin of
206–207, 221–222, 223
illustrations of
203 fig.6.3, 205 fig.6.4, 206 fig.6.5, 208 fig.6.6, 210 fig.6.7, 213 fig.6.9, 219 fig.6.12
women in
206, 216–220, 223
Tang Zuren 唐祖仁
216
Tang Zushi 唐祖仕
204, 209, 210 fig.6.7, 212, 214, 223
Tangshi sanbaishou 唐詩三百首 (Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty)
229
Tan’gun (Tan’gun wanggŏm 단군왕검/檀君王儉)
414–415
Teacher Xu (Xu laoshi 徐老師)
143–172, 169 fig.4.12, 361, 392–393
classroom of
148 fig.4.2
dates of
144, 164
teaching materials of
143, 149–163
teachers
143–172, 169 fig.4.12, 398
calligraphy of
51, 144, 150, 157
and civil-service examinations
143, 144
income of
49–51, 148–149
Mr. Bai as
227, 228, 269
services of
149n7, 162, 170, 260
use of chaoben by
7, 22
xiucai as
2, 5, 25, 63, 144
See also instructional texts
Thousand-Character Classic (Qianziwen 千字文)
153n13, 155–159, 164, 167, 393
Three Items for Mr. Xu (Xushi sanzhong 徐氏三種)
13 fig.1.1, 143–172, 392–393
cover of
154 fig.4.4, 166 fig.4.9
dates of
170–172
medical prescription in
153n13, 157–159, 158 fig.4.5
riddle in
159–161, 160 fig.4.6, 164
students’ names in
161–163, 163 fig.4.7, 164, 165 fig.4.8
Three Primes (Sanyuan 三元; Three Officials Sanguan dadi 三官大帝)
39–40, 260, 292–306, 311, 372, 384, 386, 390
conflation of
262n32, 293, 299
Three Pure Ones (Sanqing 三清)
277, 282, 291, 297 fig.8.9
Three-Antis (Sanfan 三反) campaign
193 fig.5.12, 195 fig.5.13
Three-Character Classic (Sanzijing 三字經)
146
Tian Family Divides the Estate (Tian shi fenjia 田氏分家)
398–399
Tian Maoqiu 田茂秋
398
Tian Yicheng 田一澄
304, 384
Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin (Qian Cunxun 錢存訓)
18n11
Using the Western Calendar as a Guide to Writing (Your Fortune) through the Five Stars (Xiyang dili liangtianchi feixie wuxing 西洋地曆量天尺飛寫五星)
121–126, 123 fig.3.7, 125 fig.3.8, 141, 393, 400
Various Words Offered to the People (Kuanzhong zazi 欵眾雜字)
13 fig.1.1, 32–38, 33 fig.1.7, 35 fig.1.8, 36 fig.1.9, 63, 97–101, 98 fig.2.16, 99 fig.2.17, 115–120, 141, 393–394
Vietnam
11n
Vocabulary for Young Students (Youxue zazi 幼學雜字)
112n4, 394
Vocabulary List in Five-Character Verses (Wuyan zazi 五言雜字)
66, 101–104, 394
cover of
102 fig.2.18
Vocabulary List in the Local Dialect (Fangyan zazi 方言雜字)
91, 93–97, 94 fig.2.14, 95 fig.2.15, 394–395
vocabulary lists (雜字 zazi)
9, 25–38, 363–364
apologia in
66, 89–108
calligraphy in
27, 34
couplets in
29, 31
covers of
28 fig.1.4, 32, 33 fig.1.7, 84 fig.2.7, 94 fig.2.14, 102 fig.2.18, 105 fig.2.19, 112n4
on daily life
31
dating of
14, 27, 32, 93, 131
and education
25–31, 112
geographic origins of
27, 93, 101
government terms in
32, 112, 394
and literacy
25–31, 109, 111–112, 115
marriage in
118, 120 fig.3.5
morality in
29, 31, 32–38, 111–120, 364, 381, 394
poetry in
32–38, 112, 119–120, 394
printed
83–87, 111, 112n4
rhyming phrases in
27, 28 fig.1.4, 29, 114, 120 fig.3.5, 131 fig.3.11
sexuality in
34, 36, 38, 118
social commentary in
31–32
and social status
36 fig.1.9, 108, 109, 118–119
See also particular titles
Wang Bingming 王秉鳴
164, 165 fig.4.8, 166 fig.4.9, 167 fig.4.10, 172
Wang Chong 王充
69n4, 147n4, 370
Wang Ermin 王爾敏
14
Wang Jufu 王聚福
162
Wang Juhe 王聚和
104, 105 fig.2.19, 388
Wang Kemin 王克敏
162
Wang Shuxiang 王恕鄉 (Wang Shoudao 王守道; Wang Youda 王有達)
42, 88, 300, 301 fig.8.11, 372
Wang Tian 王田
93, 94 fig.2.14, 394
Wang Xiang 王相
393
Wang Yingling 王應麟
393
Wang Zhen 王禎
93, 94 fig.2.14, 394
Wang Zhenzhong 王振忠
12
Watanabe Seihei 渡邊瀨兵衛
385, 416
We Petition (fuyi 伏以)
330n5, 395
Weller, Robert
x
Wenchang emperor (Wenchang dijun 文昌帝君)
75, 77 fig.2.5, 124, 182, 323, 367, 389
Wenzhou 溫州
186–191
White Cloud Monastery (Baiyunguan 白雲觀; Beijing)
75, 276n3, 285, 290n18, 304, 308n33, 310, 328n3, 334n10
women: as adopted daughters
218–219
in Daoism
292n20, 304
in genealogies
216, 392
and Hell
316 fig.8.17, 317, 318, 319 fig.8.18, 391
in Korea
413
and legal cases
60–61
as shamans (nüwu 女巫)
326
Wong, Ming (Huang Ming) 黃明
x, 159n18, 342–344
Writing Talisman (Shu fu fashi 書符法事)
42–46, 395
illustrations of
13 fig.1.1, 45 fig.1.12, 47 fig.1.13, 48 fig.1.14
Wu Peifu 吳佩浮
153n12
Wu Shubi 吳書壁
371, 409, 427n4
Xia Linchang 夏林昌
315, 391
Xiaotangji gulu 歗堂集古錄 (Collection of Ancient Records from the Xiao Hall)
82–83
xiucai 秀才 (flourishing talent; low-level degree holders)
2–5, 25n17
calligraphy of
2, 63, 364
as doctors
2, 25, 146, 158–159
education of
23, 25, 66–67, 93, 364
as fortunetellers
25, 56, 63, 146
income of
7, 25, 53–54, 63, 272, 359, 364, 382
in Korea
413
as legal advisors
2, 25, 57 fig.1.16, 58, 63, 146
literacy of
2, 25, 63, 66
at markets
121 fig.3.6
proprietary knowledge of
4–5
as religious specialists
2, 53–54, 63
as scribes
2, 25, 63, 146
self-perceptions of
364
skills of
2–3, 9, 170
social status of
2, 6, 24 fig.1.2, 25, 142, 146, 149, 359, 366, 409
as teachers
2, 5, 25, 63, 144
Xu laoshi
See Teacher Xu
Xu Shiye 徐士業
393
Xue Family Genealogy: Carefully Copied with Additions by Sixteenth-Generation Xue Zhonghe (Xueshi jiapu: shiliu shishun Xue Zhonghe jinchao bingbu 薛氏家譜: 十六世孫薛中和謹抄并補)
19n13, 395–396
Xue Family Hideout, Part 6; Court Cases of Magistrate Shi (Xuejiawo, di liu juan; Shi gong’an 薛家窩，第六卷；施公安)
396, 406
Yan Hailin 閻海林
112n4, 394
Yan Shuwen 顏書文
83, 84 fig.2.7, 388
Yan Xibang 顏錫榜
84 fig.2.7, 85, 388
Yang Hongjin 양홍진/梁洪鎮
414
Yang Keming 楊克明
233
Yang Liu 楊柳
x
Yang Xi 楊曦
x, 173n
Yang Yifan 楊簃范
282
Yang Zanru 楊贊儒
309n35
Yao 堯, Emperor
69
Ye Faling 葉法靈
279
Yellow Emperor 黃帝 (Huangdi)
69
Yi Sanggyu 이상규/李常圭
414
Yi Tong-ae 이동애/李東崖
404
yinyang masters (yinyangshi 陰陽師)
55, 132–134, 132 fig.3.12
and ghosts and spirits
275, 279, 324, 332–336
income of
359
and talismans
133, 383
as teachers
52n34, 149n7
and texts
22, 46, 48, 90 fig.2.11, 340 fig.9.4, 376, 383, 386, 398
xiucai as
63
yinyang 陰陽 thought
175, 178n5, 181, 323, 342–343
Yixuan 奕譞 (Prince Chun; Chun qinwang 醇親王)
72n6, 73 fig.2.3
yoga (yujia 瑜伽)
302, 384
Yu Chao 于超
x
Yuan Shikai 袁世凱
251–253, 252 fig.7.13, 268, 394
Yue Chongde 岳崇德
389
Yue Heng 岳衡
389
Yumemakura Baku 夢枕獏
335n13
Zangfeng yunqi 藏風運氣
335n13
Zazi leihan 雜字類函 (Vocabulary Lists Li Guoqing)
14
Zeng Bingyan 曾炳炎
121–126, 393
Zha Fushen 查輔紳 (personal writings)
396–397, 402–403
Zhai Wenjun 瞿文君
x
Zhan Jialiang 詹佳良
282
Zhang Degong 張德恭
101, 394
Zhang Jishan 張繼善
377, 406
Zhang Wei 張謂
233n7
Zhang Weiqi 張偉奇
x
Zhang Yu 張于
x
Zhang Zhicheng 張志成
x, 151n11
Zhang Zhiqiang 張志強
x
Zhao Xing 趙星
214n8, 220n13, 376
Zhao Ziyu 趙子玉 (Oxhead Spirit General Dingchou shenjiang 丁丑神將)
332n7, 351 fig.9.10
Zheng Chuhui 鄭處誨
181n7
Zheng Da 鄭達
x, 74n7, 173n
Zheng Zhenman 鄭振滿
13
Zhizhoutang 志周堂 (Hall of Great Purpose shop)
150, 153, 154 fig.4.4, 157, 168 fig.4.11
Zhong Kui 鐘馗
333 fig.9.2
Zhongguo shenguai dacidian 中國神怪大辭 (Dictionary of Chinese Gods and Spirits)
334
Zhongkuiye 中魁爺 (Middle Chief, Protector Against Demons)
249, 268–269
Zhou Donghua 周東華
x, 139n28, 237n12
Zhou Enlai 周恩來
190 fig.5.10
Zhou Fadao 周法道
279
Zhou Fahui 周法輝
279
Zhou Guixiang 周桂香
x
Zhou Nüxian 周妮賢
279
Zhou Xingsi 周興嗣
155, 167
Zhou Xuanyun 周玄雲
x, 133n22, 326
Zhu Xi 朱熹
75, 414
Zhuangzi 莊子
66, 108–109
wife of
80–81
Zhumeng minsheng: Zhongguo minjian xinyang xinzhihui 築夢民生; 中國民間信仰: 新智慧 (Constructing Dreams for Life: New Thinking about Chinese Popular Beliefs; Liu Daochao)
323–326
Zitong emperor (Zitong dijun 梓潼帝君)
See Wenchang emperor