How social movements learn in struggle, produce knowledge, and provoke public paradigm shifts have become an important focus of critical adult education in our contemporary turbulent times. And yet, African social movements, and their learning are largely absent from this literature. This work, therefore, provides a rare and much needed African contribution to this field.
African Social Movement Learning: The Case of the Ada Songor Salt Movement speaks to this gap in the literature, laying out an entry-point to an African-centered account of learning in struggle on the continent. However, this entry-point quickly turns to an in-depth sharing of one particular case of African social movement learning. Based on 9 years of research with the Ada Songor salt movement in Ghana, the book provides a detailed account of learning through defending communal access to West Africaâs largest salt yielding lagoon in the face of local, national and global efforts to expropriate this resource. The book shares the knowledge production of the movement, as well as the ways in which the movement has restoried its struggle to meet new challenges. Songs, tapestries, demonstrations, manifestoes, popular education approaches, and book production all feature in these efforts.
Jonathan Langdon, Ph.D. (McGill University), is Canada Research Chair in Sustainability and Social Change Leadership, and is Associate Professor in Adult Education and Development Studies at St. Francis Xavier University. He has published many articles and chapters on social movement learning, as well as edited Indigenous Knowledges, Development and Education (Sense Publishers, 2009).
Foreword
âAnne Harley
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1: Introduction
âSocial Movement and Social Movement Learning Studies
âSocial Movement Learning in Ghana â A Gathering of Voices
âA History of Movements Defending Communal Access
âMoving with the Ada Movement
âStructure of the Book
Chapter 2: African Social Movements and Learning
âSocial Movement Studies and Subaltern Movements
âSocial Movement Learning and Critical Adult Education
â1st Wave: African Liberation Movements
âFrom the 2nd Wave of Democratization to the 3rd Wave of Contemporary Ctruggles
â2nd Wave: African Democracy Movements
â3rd Wave: Protest Movements in Contemporary Times
âMoving from Africa to Ada
Chapter 3: Ada Movement Knowledge Production, Questioning National Development
âNational Development and Neoliberalism as Topographies of Power
âThe Adas, a Salt People from the Start
âAda Songor Focus of British Colonial Divide and Rule Tactics in Area
âGhana Emerges from the Gold Coast Colony, but the Post Independence State Still Promotes the National over the Local
âAdas Dispossessed, Fight back through Legal, Political and Physical Means
âA New Dispossession on the Horizon Means New Tactics Are Needed
âResisting the National Development and Neoliberal Narrative
Chapter 4: Stories and Restorying as Social Movement Learning
âLiteracy of Struggle
âChallenging How the Root Causes of Struggle are Framed
âThe Thumbless Hand, the Chameleon, and the Dog
âChallenging Male Dominance through Rooted Restorying
âThe Struggle of the Songor Salt People Book Project
âRestorying Struggle as Learning
Chapter 5: The Pedagogy of Creative Dissent: Using Creativity to Broaden and Deepen Social Movement Learning
âIntroduction
âCreative Dissent and Pedagogy
âCreativity, Learning and Democratizing Knowledge
âOverlapping Registers of âSpreadingâ Learning and Creativity
Chapter 6: Conclusion
âAfrican Subaltern Movements Thinking and Acting on Their Future
âAfrican Subaltern Social Movements Producing Potential
âCreativity and Non-Violent Activism
âWhere the Movement Is Headed Now, or the Latest Area of Learning
âLearning in, through and to Struggle
Appendix A
References
Index
Those interested in social movements in Africa, as well as their learning, and anyone concerned with contemporary activism, especially as it occurs outside of Europe and North America.