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Impact of microalgal phenolic extracts on the control of Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat

In: World Mycotoxin Journal
Authors:
P.T. Scaglioni Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália, km 8, Bairro Carreiros, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós- Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Avenida Eliseu Maciel, S/N, CEP 96160-000, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

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V. Scarpino Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.

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F. Marinaccio Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.

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F. Vanara Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.

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E. Badiale Furlong Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália, km 8, Bairro Carreiros, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.

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M. Blandino Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.

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In this study, microalgal phenolic extracts (MPE) of Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. were tested in in vitro experiments and, in comparison with synthetic fungicides, in field experiments, for their ability to control Fusarium graminearum development and limit deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. In in vitro experiments, the Nannochloropsis and Spirulina extracts inhibited fungal biomass by 34 and 25%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. This effect was confirmed by a reduction in ergosterol production (-80% for Nannochloropsis and -75% for Spirulina) and in DON content (-97% for Nannochloropsis and -62% for Spirulina). In field experiments, application of the fungicide prothioconazole and prothioconazole + tebuconazole resulted in control of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and foliar disease, leading to a significant increase in grain yield (+13%) and a reduction in DON content (-46%) compared to the untreated control. The application of MPE at wheat flowering reduced the severity of FHB compared with the control (-35% for Spirulina and -39% for Nannochloropsis). However, the MPE did not significantly control foliar diseases (Septoria tritici blotch) and therefore did not enhance the grain yield. Moreover, no effect in reducing the DON content in comparison to the control was observed in the field. In view of that, the use of MPE in wheat fields as real alternatives to conventional fungicides requires the discovery of solutions to empower their persistence and efficacy.

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