Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxin occurrence and prevention in food and feed in northern Africa â a review
äºWorld Mycotoxin JournalSearch for other papers by A. Tantaoui-Elaraki in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by A. Riba in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by S. Oueslati in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by A. Zinedine in
Current site
Google Scholar
North African countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) are surrounded by water bodies, such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Their climate is characterised by high temperatures and high relative humidity in some areas, which are environmental conditions favourable to fast fungal growth and toxinogenesis. This paper reports information on the presence of toxigenic fungi, mycotoxins (especially aflatoxins and ochratoxin A) and emergingFusarium mycotoxins (enniatins, beauvericin and fusaproliferin) in some Northern African commodities that are largely consumed and were investigated thoroughly, especially raw cereals, bread, couscous, pasta, milk, spices, wine, beer, fruit juices, olives and olive oil, dried fruits and nuts, poultry feeds, etc. in the three North African countries. High contamination levels have been reported for some food samples from the three countries. Steps towards better prevention of mycotoxin production in feeds and decrease of intestinal absorption, by means of plant essential oils associated with clay, have been undertaken. Morocco presumably is the country where mycotoxin regulation is the most detailed in comparison with Algeria and Tunisia. Finally, the conclusion section offers some prospects and recommendations for actions by authorities and scientists during the monitoring of mycotoxins in the foods and feeds produced and/or commercialised in the three countries.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Ait Mimoune, N., 2017. Etude de la contamination par les espèces dâAspergillus sectionFlavi et par les aflatoxines de quelques fruits secs utilisés en confiserie. Thèse de doctorat en Sciences Biologiques. ENS Kouba, Alger, Algérie.
'Etude de la contamination par les espèces dâAspergillus sectionFlavi et par les aflatoxines de quelques fruits secs utilisés en confiserie ', in Thèse de doctorat en Sciences Biologiques , ().
-
Aït Mimoune, N., Riba, A., Verheecke, C., Mathieu, F. and Sabaou, N., 2016. Fungal contamination and mycotoxin production byAspergillus spp. isolated from nuts and oils seeds. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 5: 301-305.
'Fungal contamination and mycotoxin production byAspergillus spp ' () 5 Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences : 301 -305.
-
Azaiez, I., Font, G., Manes, J. and Fernández-Franzón, M., 2015. Survey of mycotoxins in dates and dried fruits from Tunisian and Spanish markets. Food Control 51: 340-346.
'Survey of mycotoxins in dates and dried fruits from Tunisian and Spanish markets ' () 51 Food Control : 340 -346.
-
Azzoune, N., Mokrane, S., Riba, A., Bouras, N., Verheecke, C., Sabaou, N. and Mathieu, F., 2016. Contamination of common spices by aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin B1 in Algeria. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops and Foods 8: 137-144.
'Contamination of common spices by aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin B1 in Algeria ' () 8 Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops and Foods : 137 -144.
-
Ben Sassi, F., Zaied, C., Abid, S., Rabeh Hajlaoui, M. and Bacha, H., 2010. Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat in Tunisia. Food Control 21: 281-285.
'Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat in Tunisia ' () 21 Food Control : 281 -285.
-
Benkerroum, S. and Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., 2001. Study of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in poultry feeds. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 152: 335-342.
'Study of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in poultry feeds ' () 152 Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire : 335 -342.
-
Bouafifssa, Y., Zinedine, A., Rahouti, M., Mañes, J. and Berrada. H., 2016. Occurrence and multi-mycotoxin analysis in Moroccan pasta samples using a modified QuEChERS-based extraction and GC/MS/MS. International Congress on Mycotoxins and Cancer. March 24-25, 2016. Marrakech, Morocco.
'Occurrence and multi-mycotoxin analysis in Moroccan pasta samples using a modified QuEChERS-based extraction and GC/MS/MS ', in International Congress on Mycotoxins and Cancer , ().
-
Bouti, K., Zebiri, S., Mokrane, S., Mathieu, F., Sabaou, N. and Riba, A., 2017. Contamination de lâaliment de bétail et du blé par les champignons aflatoxinogènes et ochratoxinogènes et leurs mycotoxines. First International Congress on Biotechnology for Sustainable Development (CIBSDD). October 24-25, 2017. Boumerdes, Algeria.
'Contamination de lâaliment de bétail et du blé par les champignons aflatoxinogènes et ochratoxinogènes et leurs mycotoxines ', in First International Congress on Biotechnology for Sustainable Development (CIBSDD) , ().
-
Bulletin Officiel du Royaume du Maroc (Bulletin Officiel), 2016. Arrêté conjoint du ministre de lâagriculture et de la pêche maritime et du ministre de la santé no. 1643-16 du 23chaâbane 1437 (30 mai 2016) fixant les limites maximales autorisées des contaminants dans les produits primaires et les produits alimentaires. Le ministre de lâagriculture et de la peche maritime, Le ministre de la sante, Rabat, Morocco.
-
El Adlouni, C., Tozlovanu, M., Naman, F., Faid, M. and Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., 2006. Preliminary data on the presence of mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, citrinin and aflatoxin B1) in black table olives âGreek Styleâ of Moroccan origin. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 50: 507-512.
'Preliminary data on the presence of mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, citrinin and aflatoxin B1) in black table olives âGreek Styleâ of Moroccan origin ' () 50 Molecular Nutrition and Food Research : 507 -512.
-
El Marnissi, B., Belkhou, R., Morgavi, D., Bennani, L. and Boudra, H., 2012. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk collected from traditional dairies in Morocco. Food Chemistry and Toxicology 50: 2819-2821.
'Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk collected from traditional dairies in Morocco ' () 50 Food Chemistry and Toxicology : 2819 -2821.
-
Ennouari, A., Sanchis, V., Marin, S., Rabouti, M. and Zinedine, A., 2012. Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat from Morocco. Food Control 32: 115-118.
'Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat from Morocco ' () 32 Food Control : 115 -118.
-
European Commission (EC), 2006. Commission Regulation No. 1881/2006 of December 19th setting maximum levels of certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 364: 5-24.
-
European Commission (EC), 2007. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1126/2007 of 28 September 2007 amending regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regardsFusarium toxins in maize and maize products. Official Journal of the European Union L 255: 14-17.
-
European Commission (EC), 2010. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 165/2010 of 26 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards aflatoxins. Official Journal of the European Union L 50: 8-12.
-
European Commission (EC), 2012. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1058/2012 of 12 November 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards maximum levels for aflatoxins in dried figs. Official Journal of the European Union L 313: 14-15.
-
Faid, M. and Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., 1989. Production of toxic metabolites byPenicillium italicum andP. digitatum isolated from citrus fruits. Journal of Food Protection 52: 194-197.
'Production of toxic metabolites byPenicillium italicum andP. digitatum isolated from citrus fruits ' () 52 Journal of Food Protection : 194 -197.
-
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), 2004. Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper No. 81. FAO, Rome, Italy.
-
Fernane, F., Sanchis, V., Marin, S. and Ramos, A.J., 2010. First report on mould and mycotoxin contamination of pistachios sampled in Algeria. Mycopathologia 170: 423-429.
'First report on mould and mycotoxin contamination of pistachios sampled in Algeria ' () 170 Mycopathologia : 423 -429.
-
Filali, A., Ouammi, L., Betbeder, A.M., Baudrimont, I., Benayada, A., Souleymani, R. and Creppy, E.E., 2001. Ochratoxin A in beverages from Morocco: a preliminary survey. Food Additives and Contaminants 18: 565-568.
'Ochratoxin A in beverages from Morocco: a preliminary survey ' () 18 Food Additives and Contaminants : 565 -568.
-
Frisvad, J.C., Larsen, T.O., De Vries, R., Meijer, M., Houbraken, J., Cabanes, F.J., Ehrlich, K. and Samson, F.J., 2007. Secondary metabolites profiling, growth profiles and other tools for species recognition and importantAspergillus mycotoxins. Studies in Mycology 59: 31-37.
'Secondary metabolites profiling, growth profiles and other tools for species recognition and importantAspergillus mycotoxins ' () 59 Studies in Mycology : 31 -37.
-
Ghali, R., Hmaissia-Khlifa, K., Ghorbel, H., Maaroufi, K. and Hedili, A., 2009. Incidence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in Tunisian foods. Food Control 19: 921-924.
'Incidence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in Tunisian foods ' () 19 Food Control : 921 -924.
-
Gourama, H., Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Fares, M., 1985. Toxinogenèse et activité lipolytique de souches dâAspergillus flavus etA. ochraceus isolées des olives. Actes de lâInstitut Agronomique et Vétérinaire 5: 51-57.
'Toxinogenèse et activité lipolytique de souches dâAspergillus flavus etA. ochraceus isolées des olives ' () 5 Actes de lâInstitut Agronomique et Vétérinaire : 51 -57.
-
Gruber-Dorninger, H., Jenkins, T. and Schatzmayr, G., 2018. Multi-mycotoxin screening of feed and feed raw materials from Africa. World Mycotoxin Journal 11: 369-383.
'Multi-mycotoxin screening of feed and feed raw materials from Africa ' () 11 World Mycotoxin Journal : 369 -383.
-
Hajjaji, A., El Otmani, M., Bouya, D., Bouseta, A., Mathieu, F., Collin, S., and Lebrihi, A., 2006. Occurrence of mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol) and toxigenic fungi in Moroccan wheat grains: impact of ecological factors on the growth and ochratoxin A production. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 50: 494-499.
'Occurrence of mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol) and toxigenic fungi in Moroccan wheat grains: impact of ecological factors on the growth and ochratoxin A production ' () 50 Molecular Nutrition and Food Research : 494 -499.
-
Houmairi, H. and Hicham, M., 2015. Mycobiota composition and mycotoxins aflatoxin and ochratoxin A type of some spices in the central region of Morocco. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science 6: 877-884.
'Mycobiota composition and mycotoxins aflatoxin and ochratoxin A type of some spices in the central region of Morocco ' () 6 Journal of Materials and Environmental Science : 877 -884.
-
Institut National de la Normalisation et de la Propriété Industrielle (INNORPI), 1983. List of maximum concentrations of contaminants and undesirable substances. Tunisian Standard NT 117.02. INNORPI, Tunis, Tunisia.
-
Jacquet, J., Boutibonnes, P., Teherani, A. and Tantaoui-Elaraki A., 1971. Sur la fréquence des moisissures du genreAspergillus. Aperçu sur la présence de flavacoumarines (aflatoxines) dans les aliments. Bulletin de lâAcadémie Nationale de Médecine 155: 268-273.
'Sur la fréquence des moisissures du genreAspergillus ' () 155 Bulletin de lâAcadémie Nationale de Médecine : 268 -273.
-
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 2001. Evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food: fifty-sixth report of the JECFA. WHO Technical Report Series no. 906. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
Juan, C., Berrada, H., Manes, J. and Oueslati, S., 2016. Multi-mycotoxin determination in barley and derived products from Tunisia and estimation of dietary intake. Food and Cosmetic Toxicology 103: 148-156.
'Multi-mycotoxin determination in barley and derived products from Tunisia and estimation of dietary intake ' () 103 Food and Cosmetic Toxicology : 148 -156.
-
Juan, C., Zinedine, A., Idrissi, I. and Manes, J., 2008. Ochratoxin A in rice on the Moroccan retail market. International Journal of Food Microbiology 126: 83-85.
'Ochratoxin A in rice on the Moroccan retail market ' () 126 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 83 -85.
-
Khaddor, M., Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Benajiba, A., Lamarti, A., Ezziyyani, M., Candela Castillo, M.E. and Badoc, A., 2003. Destruction de lâaflatoxine M1 par les bactéries lactiques du lben Marocain et du yaourt. Bulletin de la Société Pharmaceutique de Bordeaux 142: 101-112.
'Destruction de lâaflatoxine M1 par les bactéries lactiques du lben Marocain et du yaourt ' () 142 Bulletin de la Société Pharmaceutique de Bordeaux : 101 -112.
-
Kichou, F. and Walser, M.M., 1993. The natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in Moroccan poultry feeds. Veterinarian and Human Toxicology 35: 105-108.
'The natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in Moroccan poultry feeds ' () 35 Veterinarian and Human Toxicology : 105 -108.
-
Lahouar, A., Crespo-Sempere, A., MarÃn, S., Saïd, S. and Sanchis, V., 2015. Toxigenic molds in Tunisian and Egyptian sorghum for human consumption. Journal of Stored Products Research 63: 57-62.
'Toxigenic molds in Tunisian and Egyptian sorghum for human consumption ' () 63 Journal of Stored Products Research : 57 -62.
-
Lasram, S., Belli, N., Chebil, S., Zghounda, N., Mliki, A., Sanchis, V. and Ghorbel, A., 2007. Occurrence of ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A in grapes from a Tunisian vineyard. International Journal of Food Microbiology 114: 376-379.
'Occurrence of ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A in grapes from a Tunisian vineyard ' () 114 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 376 -379.
-
Lasram, S., Oueslati, S., Mliki, A., Ghorbel, A., Silar, P. and Chebil, S., 2012. Ochratoxin A and ochratoxigenic blackaspergillus species in Tunisian grapes cultivated in different geographic areas. Food Control 25: 75-80.
'Ochratoxin A and ochratoxigenic blackaspergillus species in Tunisian grapes cultivated in different geographic areas ' () 25 Food Control : 75 -80.
-
Lemrani, M., Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Samih, M., 1992. Toxicity ofPenicillium digitatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Sacch. andP. italicum Wehmer culture filtrates to the chick embryo. Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 10: 407-414.
'Toxicity ofPenicillium digitatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Sacch. andP. italicum Wehmer culture filtrates to the chick embryo ' () 10 Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition : 407 -414.
-
Mahnine, N., Meca, G., El Abidi, A., Fekhaoui, M., Saoiabi, A., Font, G., Manes, J. and Zinedine, A., 2011. Further data on the levels of emergingFusarium mycotoxins: enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), beauvericin and fusaroproliferin in breakfast and infant cereals from Morocco. Food Chemistry 124: 481-485.
'Further data on the levels of emergingFusarium mycotoxins: enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), beauvericin and fusaroproliferin in breakfast and infant cereals from Morocco ' () 124 Food Chemistry : 481 -485.
-
Melki Ben Fredj, S., Chebil, S., Lebrihi, A., Lasram, S., Ghorbel, A. and Mliki, S., 2007. Occurrence of pathogenic fungal species in Tunisian vineyards. International Journal of Food Microbiology 113: 245-250.
'Occurrence of pathogenic fungal species in Tunisian vineyards ' () 113 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 245 -250.
-
Ninard, B. and Hintermann, J., 1946. Les tumeurs de la travée hépatique chez le porc au Maroc de 1944 à 1946. Bulletin de lâInstitut dâHygiène du Maroc 5: 49-57.
'Les tumeurs de la travée hépatique chez le porc au Maroc de 1944 à 1946 ' () 5 Bulletin de lâInstitut dâHygiène du Maroc : 49 -57.
-
National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia (NIST), 2014. Statistiques Tunisie. Available at:http://www.ins.tn.
-
Oueslati, S., Berrada, H., Manes, J. and Juan, C., 2017. Presence of mycotoxins in Tunisian infant foods samples and subsequent risk assessment. Food Control 84: 362-369.
'Presence of mycotoxins in Tunisian infant foods samples and subsequent risk assessment ' () 84 Food Control : 362 -369.
-
Oueslati, S., Blesa, J., Molto, J.C., Ghorbel, A. and Manes, J., 2014. Presence of mycotoxins in sorghum and intake estimation in Tunisia. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 31: 307-318.
'Presence of mycotoxins in sorghum and intake estimation in Tunisia ' () 31 Food Additives and Contaminants Part A : 307 -318.
-
Oueslati, S., Meca, G., Mliki, A., Ghorbel, A. and Manes, J., 2011. Determination ofFusarium mycotoxins enniatins, beauvericin and fusaroproliferin in cereals and derived products from Tunisia. Food Control 22: 1373-1377.
'Determination ofFusarium mycotoxins enniatins, beauvericin and fusaroproliferin in cereals and derived products from Tunisia ' () 22 Food Control : 1373 -1377.
-
Oueslati, S., Romero-González, R., Lasram, S., Garrido Frenich, A. and MartÃnez Vidal, J.L., 2012. Multi-mycotoxin determination in cereals and derived products marketed in Tunisia using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadruple mass spectrometry. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50: 2376-2381.
'Multi-mycotoxin determination in cereals and derived products marketed in Tunisia using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadruple mass spectrometry ' () 50 Food and Chemical Toxicology : 2376 -2381.
-
Redouane-Salah, S., Morgavi, D.P., Arhab, R., Messaï, A. and Boudra, H., 2015. Presence of aflatoxin M1 in raw, reconstituted, and powdered milk samples collected in Algeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187: 375-378.
'Presence of aflatoxin M1 in raw, reconstituted, and powdered milk samples collected in Algeria ' () 187 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment : 375 -378.
-
Rharmitt, S., Hafidi, M., Hajjaj, H., Scordino, F., Giosa, D., Giuffrè, L., Barreca, D., Criseo, G. and Romeo, O., 2016. Molecular characterization of patulin producing and non-producingPenicillium species in apples from Morocco. International Journal of Food Microbiology 217: 137-140.
'Molecular characterization of patulin producing and non-producingPenicillium species in apples from Morocco ' () 217 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 137 -140.
-
Riba, A., Bouras, N., Mokrane, S., Mathieu, F., Lebrihi, A. and Sabaou, N., 2010.Aspergillus sectionFlavi and aflatoxins in Algerian wheat and derived products. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48: 2772-2777.
'Aspergillus sectionFlavi and aflatoxins in Algerian wheat and derived products ' () 48 Food and Chemical Toxicology : 2772 -2777.
-
Riba, A., Matmoura, A., Mokrane, S., Mathieu, F. and Sabaou, N., 2013. Investigations on aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins contamination in some nuts sampled in Algeria. African Journal Microbiology Research 7: 4974-4980.
'Investigations on aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins contamination in some nuts sampled in Algeria ' () 7 African Journal Microbiology Research : 4974 -4980.
-
Riba, A., Mokrane, S., Mathieu, F., Lebrihi, A. and Sabaou, N., 2008. Mycoflora and ochratoxin a producing strains ofAspergillus in Algerian wheat. International Journal of Food Microbiology 122: 85-92.
'Mycoflora and ochratoxin a producing strains ofAspergillus in Algerian wheat ' () 122 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 85 -92.
-
Riba, A., Zebiri, S., Mokrane, S. and Sabaou, N., 2016. Occurrence of toxigenic fungi, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in wheat and dried fruits commercialized in Algeria. International Congress of Mycotoxins and Cancer. March 24-25, 2016. Marrakech, Morocco.
'Occurrence of toxigenic fungi, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in wheat and dried fruits commercialized in Algeria ', in International Congress of Mycotoxins and Cancer , ().
-
Salih, G., Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Ismaili-Alaoui, M., Lamrani, K., Cheheb, M., Hassouni, H., Rio, B., Gaime-Perraud, I., Augur, C. and Roussos, S., 2006. Mycoflore desmâasras marocaines: toxinogenèse des souches isolées dâAspergillus flavus et dâAspergillus niger. Les biotechnologies en agriculture et en industries agro-alimentaires; état des lieux et perspectives. Les Séminaires de Recherche de lâIAV Hassan II, 4-5 avril 2006.
'Mycoflore desmâasras marocaines: toxinogenèse des souches isolées dâAspergillus flavus et dâAspergillus niger ', in Les biotechnologies en agriculture et en industries agro-alimentaires; état des lieux et perspectives , ().
-
Samane, S., Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Essadaoui, M., 1991. Mycoflora of Moroccan (Greek style) black olives. II â Toxigenesis. Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 9: 335-352.
'Mycoflora of Moroccan (Greek style) black olives ' () 9 Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition : 335 -352.
-
Sebti, F. and Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., 1994.In vitro inhibition of fungi isolated from âPastillaâ papers by organic acids and cinnamon. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie 27: 370-374.
'In vitro inhibition of fungi isolated from âPastillaâ papers by organic acids and cinnamon ' () 27 Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie : 370 -374.
-
Sifou, A., Mahnine, N., Manyes, L., El Adlouni, C., El Azzouzi, M. and Zinedine, A., 2016. Determination of ochratoxin A in poultry feeds available in Rabat area (Morocco) by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science 7: 2229-2234.
'Determination of ochratoxin A in poultry feeds available in Rabat area (Morocco) by high performance liquid chromatography ' () 7 Journal of Materials and Environmental Science : 2229 -2234.
-
Sifou, A., Meca, G., Serrano, A.B., Mahnine, N., El Abidi, A., Mañes, J., El Azzouzi, M. and Zinedine, A., 2011. First report on the presence of emergingFusarium mycotoxins enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), beauvericin and fusaproliferin in rice on the Moroccan retail markets. Food Control 22: 1826-1830.
'First report on the presence of emergingFusarium mycotoxins enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), beauvericin and fusaproliferin in rice on the Moroccan retail markets ' () 22 Food Control : 1826 -1830.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., 1977. Production dâaflatoxines par desAspergillus du Maroc. Homme Terre et Eau 3: 79-86.
'Production dâaflatoxines par desAspergillus du Maroc ' () 3 Homme Terre et Eau : 79 -86.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Bartine, H., 1994. Fungal load of selected spices and their contamination by toxigenicAspergillus species. Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 12: 231-236.
'Fungal load of selected spices and their contamination by toxigenicAspergillus species ' () 12 Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition : 231 -236.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Beraoud, L., 1994. Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production inAspergillus parasiticus by essential oils of selected plant materials. Journal of Environmental Pathological and Toxicological Oncology 13: 67-72.
'Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production inAspergillus parasiticus by essential oils of selected plant materials ' () 13 Journal of Environmental Pathological and Toxicological Oncology : 67 -72.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Le Tutour, B., 1985. Possible mycotoxin contamination of olives and olive products: latest developments. Oleagineux 40: 451-454.
'Possible mycotoxin contamination of olives and olive products: latest developments ' () 40 Oleagineux : 451 -454.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Mannioui, A., 1994. Essais de traitement antifongique des olives noires (façon Grèce). Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 14: 5-14.
'Essais de traitement antifongique des olives noires (façon Grèce) ' () 14 Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition : 5 -14.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Benabdellah, I., Majdi, M., Elalaoui, M.R. and Dahmani, A., 1994a. Recherche de mycotoxines dans des denrées alimentaires distribuées au Maroc. Actes de lâInstitut Agronomique et Vétérinaire 14: 11-16.
'Recherche de mycotoxines dans des denrées alimentaires distribuées au Maroc ' () 14 Actes de lâInstitut Agronomique et Vétérinaire : 11 -16.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Le Tutour, B. and Aboussalim, A., 1983b. Conséquences de la contamination des olives par desAspergillus toxinogènes sur la quantité et la qualité de lâhuile de pression. Revue Française des Corps Gras 30: 473-476.
'Conséquences de la contamination des olives par desAspergillus toxinogènes sur la quantité et la qualité de lâhuile de pression ' () 30 Revue Française des Corps Gras : 473 -476.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Le Tutour, B., Bouzid, M. and Keddani, M.J., 1983a. Contamination des olives noires âfaçon Grèceâ par les spores dâAspergillus toxinogènes et leurs toxines. Industrie Alimentaire et Agricole 1983: 997-1000.
'Contamination des olives noires âfaçon Grèceâ par les spores dâAspergillus toxinogènes et leurs toxines ' () 1983 Industrie Alimentaire et Agricole : 997 -1000.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Lemrani, M. and Gonzalez-Vila, F.J., 1994b. tentative identification of metabolites in toxic extracts fromPenicillium digitatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Sacch. andP. italicum Wehmer cultures. Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 12: 225-230.
'tentative identification of metabolites in toxic extracts fromPenicillium digitatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Sacch. andP. italicum Wehmer cultures ' () 12 Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition : 225 -230.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Lemrani, M. and Taousse, R., 1992. Inhibition of the garden cress seed germination byPenicillium italicum Wehmer andP. digitatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Sacch. culture filtrates. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie 25: 353-356.
'Inhibition of the garden cress seed germination byPenicillium italicum Wehmer andP. digitatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Sacch. culture filtrates ' () 25 Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie : 353 -356.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Majdi, M., Dahmani, A. and Elalaoui, M.R., 2000. Recherche des aflatoxines dans les aliments de lâHomme et du bétail distribués au Maroc. Actes de lâInstitut Agronomique et Vétérinaire 20: 65-70.
'Recherche des aflatoxines dans les aliments de lâHomme et du bétail distribués au Maroc ' () 20 Actes de lâInstitut Agronomique et Vétérinaire : 65 -70.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Mekouar, S.L., El Hamidi, M. and Senhaji, M., 1994c. Toxigenic strains ofStachybotrys atra associated with poisonous straw in Morocco. Veterinarian and Human Toxicology 36: 93-96.
'Toxigenic strains ofStachybotrys atra associated with poisonous straw in Morocco ' () 36 Veterinarian and Human Toxicology : 93 -96.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Samane, S. and Roquebert, M.F., 1990. Mycoflora of Moroccan (Greek Style) black olives. I â inventory. Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 8: 257-264.
'Mycoflora of Moroccan (Greek Style) black olives ' () 8 Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition : 257 -264.
-
Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Sebti, F., Breton, A., Kaanane, A. and Faid, M., 1993. Mycoflora and physico-chemical properties of âPastillaâ papers. Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 11: 195-202.
'Mycoflora and physico-chemical properties of âPastillaâ papers ' () 11 Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition : 195 -202.
-
World Population Prospects (WPP), 2017. WPP 2017 revision. Available at:https://tinyurl.com/ydhrcnn4.
-
Zaied, C., Abid, S., Hlel, W. and Bacha, H., 2013. Occurrence of patulin in apple-based-foods largely consumed in Tunisia. Food Control 31: 263-267.
'Occurrence of patulin in apple-based-foods largely consumed in Tunisia ' () 31 Food Control : 263 -267.
-
Zaied, C., Abid, S., Zorgui, L., Bouaziz, C., Chouchane, S., Jomaa, M. and Bacha, H., 2009. Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A in Tunisian cereals. Food Control 20: 218-222.
'Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A in Tunisian cereals ' () 20 Food Control : 218 -222.
-
Zaied, C., Zouaoui, N., Bacha, H. and Abid, S., 2012. Natural occurrence of citrinin in Tunisian wheat grains. Food Control 28: 106-109.
'Natural occurrence of citrinin in Tunisian wheat grains ' () 28 Food Control : 106 -109.
-
Zinedine, A., Brera, C., Elakhdari, S., Catano, C., Debegnach, F., Angelini, S., De Santis, B., Faid, M., Benlemlih, M., Minardi, V. and Miraglia, M., 2006. Natural occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and spices commercialized in Morocco. Journal of Food Control 17: 868-874.
'Natural occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and spices commercialized in Morocco ' () 17 Journal of Food Control : 868 -874.
-
Zinedine, A., Fernandez-Franzon, M., Manes, J. and Manyes, L., 2017. Multi-mycotoxin contamination of couscous semolina commercialized in Morocco. Food Chemistry 214: 440-446.
'Multi-mycotoxin contamination of couscous semolina commercialized in Morocco ' () 214 Food Chemistry : 440 -446.
-
Zinedine, A., Gonzalez-Osnaya, L., Soriano, J.M., Molto, J.C., Idrissi, I. and Manes, J., 2007a. Presence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk from Morocco. International Journal of Food Microbiology 114: 25-29.
'Presence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk from Morocco ' () 114 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 25 -29.
-
Zinedine, A., Juan, C., Idrissi, I. and Manes, J., 2007b. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in bread consumed in Morocco. Biochemical Journal 87: 154-158.
'Occurrence of ochratoxin A in bread consumed in Morocco ' () 87 Biochemical Journal : 154 -158.
-
Zinedine, A., Juan, C., Soriano, J.M., Molto, J.C., Idrissi, I. and Manes, J., 2007c. Limited survey for the occurrence of aflatoxins in cereals and poultry feed from Rabat, Morocco. International Journal of Food Microbiology 115: 124-127.
'Limited survey for the occurrence of aflatoxins in cereals and poultry feed from Rabat, Morocco ' () 115 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 124 -127.
-
Zinedine, A., Meca, G., Manes, J. and Font, G., 2011. Further data on the occurrence ofFusarium emerging mycotoxins enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), fusaroproliferin and beauvericin in raw cereals commercialized in Morocco. Food Control 22: 1-5.
'Further data on the occurrence ofFusarium emerging mycotoxins enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), fusaroproliferin and beauvericin in raw cereals commercialized in Morocco ' () 22 Food Control : 1 -5.
-
Zinedine, A., Soriano, J.M., Juan, C., Mojemmi, B., Moltó, J.C., Bouclouze, A., Cherrah, Y., Idrissi, L., El Aouad, R. and Mañes, J., 2007d. Incidence of ochratoxin A in rice and dried fruits from Rabat and Salé area, Morocco. Food Additives and Contaminants 24: 285-291.
'Incidence of ochratoxin A in rice and dried fruits from Rabat and Salé area, Morocco ' () 24 Food Additives and Contaminants : 285 -291.
-
Zouaoui, N., Sbaii, N., Bacha, H. and Abid-Essefi, S., 2015. Occurrence of patulin in various fruit juice marketed in Tunisia. Food Control 51: 356-360.
'Occurrence of patulin in various fruit juice marketed in Tunisia ' () 51 Food Control : 356 -360.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 296 | 128 | 9 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 27 | 3 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 23 | 4 | 0 |
Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxin occurrence and prevention in food and feed in northern Africa â a review
äºWorld Mycotoxin JournalSearch for other papers by A. Tantaoui-Elaraki in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by A. Riba in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S. Oueslati in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by A. Zinedine in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
North African countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) are surrounded by water bodies, such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Their climate is characterised by high temperatures and high relative humidity in some areas, which are environmental conditions favourable to fast fungal growth and toxinogenesis. This paper reports information on the presence of toxigenic fungi, mycotoxins (especially aflatoxins and ochratoxin A) and emergingFusarium mycotoxins (enniatins, beauvericin and fusaproliferin) in some Northern African commodities that are largely consumed and were investigated thoroughly, especially raw cereals, bread, couscous, pasta, milk, spices, wine, beer, fruit juices, olives and olive oil, dried fruits and nuts, poultry feeds, etc. in the three North African countries. High contamination levels have been reported for some food samples from the three countries. Steps towards better prevention of mycotoxin production in feeds and decrease of intestinal absorption, by means of plant essential oils associated with clay, have been undertaken. Morocco presumably is the country where mycotoxin regulation is the most detailed in comparison with Algeria and Tunisia. Finally, the conclusion section offers some prospects and recommendations for actions by authorities and scientists during the monitoring of mycotoxins in the foods and feeds produced and/or commercialised in the three countries.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 296 | 128 | 9 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 27 | 3 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 23 | 4 | 0 |
