The Case of the Missing Disciple: AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-RustughfanÄ« and the First Reception of al-MÄturÄ«dÄ«âs Theology in Samarqand
äºOriensSearch for other papers by Ramon Harvey in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
Despite recognition of AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-RustughfanÄ« (d. ca. 345/956) as the most important student of AbÅ« Manṣūr al-MÄturÄ«dÄ« (d. 333/944), a sustained treatment of his theological views has not hitherto appeared. One of the challenges that has been identified in prior studies is a lack of primary sources. To overcome this obstacle, I analyse manuscripts of âBÄb al-mutafarriqÄt min fawÄʾidâ and âal-Asʾila wa-l-ajwiba,â two texts recording al-RustughfanÄ«âs theological responsa, locating them within available bibliographic information and discussing the question of literary structure. I then contextualise the material within the polemical milieu of mid-fourth/tenth century Samarqand, arguing that al-RustughfanÄ« is the earliest figure in the SamarqandÄ« ḤanafÄ« kalÄm tradition to self-consciously adopt the full name ahl al-sunna wa-l-jamÄÊ¿a to express his theological identity. Finally, I provide an annotated theological overview of the main doctrines found in the texts with a detailed case study on divine speech and the QurʾÄn, showing how al-RustughfanÄ« bridges the gap between al-MÄturÄ«dÄ«âs rationalistic kalÄm and the ḤanafÄ« traditionalism of al-ḤakÄ«m al-SamarqandÄ« (d. 342/953).
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
AbÅ« DÄwÅ«d, SulaymÄn b. al-AshÊ¿ath. Sunan AbÄ« DÄwÅ«d, 2 vols. Vaduz: Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation, 2000.
-
AbÅ« ḤanÄ«fa, al-NuÊ¿mÄn b. ThÄbit. Al-Ê¿á¾¹lim wa-l-mutaÊ¿allim: RiwÄyat AbÄ« MuqÄtil Ê¿an AbÄ« ḤanÄ«fa raá¸iya llÄh Ê¿anhumÄ wa-yalÄ«h risÄlat AbÄ« ḤanÄ«fa ilÄ Ê¿UthmÄn al-BattÄ« thumma l-fiqh al-absaá¹ riwÄyat AbÄ« Muá¹Ä«Ê¿ Ê¿an AbÄ« ḤanÄ«fa raḥimahum AllÄh. Ed. by Muḥammad ZÄhid al-KawtharÄ«. Cairo: Maá¹baÊ¿at al-anwÄr, 1949.
-
AbÅ« ḤanÄ«fa, al-NuÊ¿mÄn b. ThÄbit. Waá¹£iyyat al-imÄm AbÄ« ḤanÄ«fa al-NuÊ¿mÄn. Ed. by AbÅ« MuÊ¿Ädh Muḥammad b. Ê¿Abd al-Ḥayy Ê¿Awayna. Beirut: DÄr Ibn Ḥazm, 1997.
-
Ahlwardt, Wilhelm. Die Handschriften-Verzeichnisse der königlichen Bibliothek zu Berlin, 10 vols. Berlin: A. Asher & Co., 1887â89.
-
Ak, Ahmet. âMâtürîdîliÄin Ortaya ÃıkıÅı.â In Büyük Türk Bilgini Ä°mâm Mâtürîdî ve Mâtürîdîlik: Milletlerarası TartıÅmalı Ä°lmî Toplantı. Ed. by Ä°lyas Ãelebi. Istanbul: M.Ã. Ä°lâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, 2016.
-
Arıkaner, Yusuf. âÅerhu Cumeli usuliâd-dinâin Ebuâl-Huseyin Muhammed b. Yahya el-BeÅaÄariâye Aidiyeti Meselesi.â Mevzu: Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 4 (2020): 37â63.
-
Aruçi, Muhammed. âRüstüfaÄnî.â In TDV Ä°slâm Ansiklopedisi, 46 vols. Istanbul: Ä°SAM, 1988â2016.
-
AshÊ¿arÄ«, AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-. MaqÄlÄt al-islÄmiyyÄ«n wa-khtilÄf al-muá¹£allÄ«n. Ed. by Muḥammad MuḥyÄ« l-DÄ«n Ê¿Abd al-ḤamÄ«d, 2 vols. Cairo: Maktabat al-nahá¸a al-miá¹£riyya, 1950.
-
BaghdÄdÄ«, Ê¿Abd al-QÄhir al-. KitÄb Uṣūl al-dÄ«n. Istanbul: Maá¹baÊ¿at al-dawla, 1928.
-
BazdawÄ«, AbÅ« l-Yusr al-. Uṣūl al-dÄ«n. Ed. by Hans Peter Linss. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Azhariyya li-l-turÄth, 2003.
-
BazdawÄ«, Ê¿AlÄ« b. Muḥammad al-. Uṣūl al-BazdawÄ«. Ed. by SÄʾid BakdÄsh. Beirut: DÄr al-bashÄʾir al-IslÄmiyya, 2014.
-
Bernand, Marie. âLe KitÄb al-radd Ê¿alÄ l-bidaÊ¿ dâAbÅ« Muá¹Ä«Ê¿ Makḥūl al-NasafÄ«.â Annales Islamologiques 16 (1980): 39â128.
-
BrÅ«sawÄ«, IsmÄÊ¿Ä«l ḤaqqÄ« al-. TafsÄ«r rūḥ al-bayÄn, 10 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-fikr, 2018.
-
BukhÄrÄ«, Muḥammad b. IsmÄÊ¿Ä«l al-. á¹¢aḥīḥ al-BukhÄrÄ«, 3 vols. Vaduz: Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation, 2000.
-
Calder, Norman. Islamic Jurisprudence in the Classical Era. Ed. by Colin Imber. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
-
Demir, Abdullah. âDifferent Interpretations of AbÅ« ḤanÄ«fa: The ḤanafÄ« Jurists and the ḤanafÄ« Theologians.â ULUM 1, no. 2 (2018): 259â279.
-
Di Berardino, Angelo (ed). Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity, 3 vols. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2014.
-
Dorroll, Philip. âThe Universe in Flux: Reconsidering AbÅ« Manṣūr al-MÄturÄ«dÄ«âs Metaphysics and Epistemology.â Journal of Islamic Studies 27, no. 2 (2016): 119â135.
-
Dorroll, Philip. âThe Doctrine of the Nature of the QurʾÄn in the MÄturÄ«dÄ« Tradition.â In Mâtürîdî DüÅünce ve Mâtürîdîlik Literatürü. Ed. by M. RaÅit Akpınar, Recep Tuzcu and Aslı MenekÅe. Istanbul: Selçuk Ãniversitesi, 2018, 123â140.
-
Frank, Richard M. ââLam yazalâ as a Formal Term in Muslim Theological Discourse.â MIDEO 15 (1995): 243â270.
-
Frenkel, Yehoshua. âSamarqand.â In Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Ed. by Josef W. Meri. Abingdon: Routledge, 2006.
-
Frye, Richard N. âThe SÄmÄnids.â In The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: The Period from the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Ed. by Richard N. Frye. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 136â161.
-
Götz, Manfred. âMÄturÄ«dÄ« and his KitÄb TaʾwÄ«lÄt al-QurʾÄn.â In Tafsir: Interpreting the Qurʾan. Ed. by Mustafa Akram Ali Shah, 4 vols. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
-
Grenet, Frantz. âZoroastrianism in Central Asia.â In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. Ed. by Michael Stausberg and Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw Vevaina. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2015.
-
ḤimawÄ«, YÄqÅ«t al-. MuÊ¿jam al-buldÄn, 5 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-á¹£Ädir, 1977.
-
HindÄ«, Muḥammad Ê¿Abd al-Ḥaqq al-. Al-IklÄ«l Ê¿alÄ madÄrik al-tanzÄ«l wa-ḥaqÄʾiq al-taʾwÄ«l. Ed. by MuḥyÄ« l-DÄ«n UsÄma al-BayraqdÄr, 7 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 2012.
-
Hodgson, Marshall G.S. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
-
Ibn AbÄ« l-WafÄʾ, Ê¿Abd al-QÄdir. Al-JawÄhir al-muá¸iyya fÄ« á¹abaqÄt al-Ḥanafiyya. Ed. by Ê¿Abd al-Faá¹á¹Äḥ Muḥammad al-Ḥalw, 5 vols. Cairo: DÄr al-ḥajr, 1993.
-
Ibn al-HumÄm, KamÄl. Sharḥ Fatḥ al-qadÄ«r. Ed. by Ê¿Abd al-RazzÄq GhÄlib al-MahdÄ«, 10 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 2003.
-
Ibn al-NadÄ«m, Muḥammad. KitÄb al-Fihrist li-l-NadÄ«m. Ed. by Tajaddud b. Ê¿AlÄ«. Tehran: n.p., 1971.
-
Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-DÄ«n. Al-Baḥr al-rÄʾiq Sharḥ Kanz al-daqÄʾiq. Ed. by ZakariyyÄ Ê¿AmÄ«rÄt, 9 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 1997.
-
Ibn Quá¹lÅ«bughÄ, AbÅ« l-FidÄʾ QÄsim. TÄj al-tarÄjim. Ed. by Muḥammad Khayr Ramaá¸Än YÅ«suf. Damascus: DÄr al-qalam, 1992.
-
KaḥḥÄla, Ê¿Umar Riá¸Ä. MuÊ¿jam al-muʾallifiÌn: taraÌjim musÌ£annifiÌ l-kutub al-Ê¿arabiyya, 4 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-risÄla, 1993.
-
KhalÄ«fa, ḤÄjjÄ«. Kashf al-áºunÅ«n Ê¿an asÄmÄ« l-kutub wa-l-funÅ«n, 2 vols. Beirut: DÄr ihÌ£yÄʾ al-turÄth al-Ê¿ArabÄ«, 1941.
-
KhÄrÅ«f, Muḥammad Fahd. Al-Muyassar fÄ« l-qirÄʾÄt al-arbaÊ¿a Ê¿ashara. Damascus: DÄr Ibn KathÄ«r, 1995.
-
von Kuegelgen, Anke and Ashirbek Muminov. âMâturîdî Döneminde Semerkand Ä°lahiyatçıları (4./10. Asır).â In Ä°mam Mâturîdî ve Maturidilik: Tarihî Arka Plan, Hayatı, Eserleri, Fikirleri ve Maturidilik Mezhebi. Ed. by Sönmez Kutlu. Ankara: Otto, 2017, 279â290.
-
LaknawÄ«, Muḥammad Ê¿Abd al-Ḥayy al-. KitÄb al-FawÄʾid al-bahiyya fÄ« tarÄjim al-Ḥanafiyya. Ed. by Muḥammad Badr al-DÄ«n AbÅ« FirÄs al-NaÊ¿sÄnÄ«. Cairo: Maá¹baÊ¿at al-saÊ¿Äda, 1906.
-
Madelung, Wilferd. âThe Spread of MÄturÄ«dism and the Turks.â In Actas IV Congresso de Estudos Ãrabes e Islâmicos Coimbra-Lisboa 1968. Leiden: Brill, 1971, 109â168.
-
Madelung, Wilferd. âAbuâl-QÄsem EsḥÄq Samarqandi.â In Encyclopaedia Iranica. Ed. by Ehsan Yarshater. <https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abul-qasem-eshaq/>. Accessed 6 May 2021.
-
Mangera, Abdur-Rahman. âA Critical Edition of AbÅ« âl-Layth al-SamarqandÄ«âs NawÄzil.â PhD diss. SOAS, University of London, 2013.
-
MÄturÄ«dÄ«, AbÅ« Manṣūr al-. TaʾwÄ«lÄt al-QurʾÄn. Ed. by ErtuÄrul Boynukalın and Bekir TopaloÄlu, 18 vols. Istanbul: DÄr al-mÄ«zÄn, 2006.
-
MÄturÄ«dÄ«, AbÅ« Manṣūr al-. KitÄb al-Tawḥīd. Ed. by Bekir TopaloÄlu and Muhammed Aruçi, 2nd edn. Istanbul: Maktabat al-irshÄd, 2010.
-
al-MawsÅ«Ê¿a al-fiqhiyya. Ed. by WizÄrat al-awqÄf wa-l-shuʾūn al-islÄmiyya, 45 vols, 2nd edn. Kuwait: WizÄrat al-awqÄf, 1990.
-
MuqÄtil b. SulaymÄn. TafsÄ«r MuqÄtil b. SulaymÄn. Ed. by Ê¿Abd AllÄh MaḥmÅ«d ShihÄtah, 5 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-tÄrÄ«kh al-Ê¿ArabÄ«, 2002.
-
NasafÄ«, AbÅ« l-MuÊ¿Ä«n al-. Tabá¹£irat al-adilla fÄ« uṣūl al-dÄ«n. Ed. by Muḥammad al-Anwar ḤÄmid ʿĪsÄ, 2 vols. Cairo: al-Maktaba al-azhariyya li-l-turÄth, 2011.
-
NasafÄ«, AbÅ« Muá¹Ä«Ê¿ Makḥūl al-. KitÄb al-Radd Ê¿alÄ ahl al-bidaÊ¿ wa-l-ahwÄʾ. See Bernand âLe KitÄb al-radd Ê¿alÄ l-bidaÊ¿ dâAbÅ« Muá¹Ä«Ê¿ Makḥūl al-NasafÄ«.â
-
NasafÄ«, Ê¿Umar b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Qand fÄ« dhikr Ê¿ulamÄʾ al-Samarqand. Ed. by Naáºar Muḥammad al-FÄrayÄbÄ«. Riyadh: Maktabat al-kawthar, 1991.
-
NasÄʾī, Aḥmad b. ShuÊ¿ayb al-. Sunan al-NasÄʾī, 2 vols. Vaduz: Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation, 2000.
-
Ê¿Omar, Farouq al-. âThe Doctrines of the MÄturÄ«dite School with Special Reference to As-SawÄd al-AÊ¿áºam of al-ḤakÄ«m al-SamarqandÄ«.â PhD diss. University of Edinburgh, 1974.
-
Ãzen, Èükrü. âIV. (X.) Yüzyılda Mâverâünnehirʾde Ehl-i Sünnet-MuÊ¿tezile Mücadelesi ve Bir Ehl-i Sünnet Beyannamesi.â Ä°slâm AraÅtırmaları Dergisi 9 (2003): 49â85.
-
Pessagno, J. Meric. âThe Uses of Evil in Maturidian Thought.â Studia Islamica 60 (1984): 59â82.
-
QÄrÄ«, MullÄ Ê¿AlÄ« al-. Sharḥ KitÄb al-Fiqh al-akbar. Cairo: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿Arabiyya al-kubrÄ, 1909.
-
Rudolph, Ulrich. Al-MÄturÄ«dÄ« und die Sunnitische Theologie in Samarkand. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
-
Rudolph, Ulrich. Al-MÄturÄ«dÄ« and the Development of SunnÄ« Theology in Samarqand. Trans. by Rodrigo Adem. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
-
Rudolph, Ulrich. âAl-MÄturÄ«dÄ«âs Concept of Godâs Wisdom.â In Büyük Türk Bilgini Ä°mâm Mâtürîdî ve Mâtürîdîlik: Milletlerarası TartıÅmalı Ä°lmî Toplantı. Ed. by Ä°lyas Ãelebi. Istanbul: M.Ã. Ä°lâhiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları, 2016, 47â55.
-
Rudolph, Ulrich. âḤanafÄ« Theological Tradition and MÄturÄ«dism.â In The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Ed. by Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, 280â296.
-
RustughfanÄ«, AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-. âal-Asʾila wa-l-ajwiba.â Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul, MSMurad Mulla 1829, 154r-154v.
-
RustughfanÄ«, AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-. âBÄb al-mutafarriqÄt min fawÄʾid al-shaykh al-imÄm al-ajall AbÄ« l-Ḥasan Ê¿AlÄ« b. SaÊ¿Ä«d al-RustughfanÄ« raḥimahu llÄh.â In MajmÅ«Ê¿ al-nawÄzil wa-l-ḥawÄdith wa-l-wÄqiÊ¿Ät, by Aḥmad b. MÅ«sÄ al-KashshÄ«. Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul, MS Fatih 2467, 137v-1149r.
-
RustughfanÄ«, AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-. âBÄb al-mutafarriqÄt min fawÄʾid al-shaykh al-imÄm al-ajall AbÄ« l-Ḥasan Ê¿AlÄ« b. SaÊ¿Ä«d al-RustughfanÄ« raḥimahu llÄh.â In MajmÅ«Ê¿ al-nawÄzil wa-l-ḥawÄdith wa-l-wÄqiÊ¿Ät, by Aḥmad b. MÅ«sÄ al-KashshÄ«. Beyazıt Library, Istanbul, MS Veliyüddin Efendi 1545, 276v-2302v.
-
RustughfanÄ«, AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-. âBÄb al-mutafarriqÄt min fawÄʾid al-shaykh al-imÄm al-ajall AbÄ« l-Ḥasan Ê¿AlÄ« b. SaÊ¿Ä«d al-RustughfanÄ« raḥimahu llÄh.â In MajmÅ«Ê¿ al-nawÄzil wa-l-ḥawÄdith wa-l-wÄqiÊ¿Ät, by Aḥmad b. MÅ«sÄ al-KashshÄ«. Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul, MS Yeni Cami 547, 285v-2307v.
-
á¹¢afadÄ«, á¹¢alÄḥ al-DÄ«n al-. Al-WÄfÄ« bi-l-wafayÄt. Ed. by Aḥmad al-ArnÄʾūṠand TurkÄ« Muá¹£á¹afÄ, 29 vols. Beirut: DÄr iḥyÄʾ al-turÄth al-Ê¿ArabÄ«, 2000.
-
á¹¢affÄr, AbÅ« IsḥÄq al-. TalkhÄ«á¹£ al-adilla li-qawÄʾid al-tawḥīd. Ed. by Angelika Brodersen, 2 vols. Beirut: Orient-Institut Beirut, 2011.
-
Salimov, Marufjon. âPaper.â In The Treasury of Oriental Manuscripts. Ed. by Abu Rayhan al-Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies. Tashkent: UNESCO, 2012, 117â121.
-
SamÊ¿ÄnÄ«, AbÅ« SaÊ¿d al-. Al-AnsÄb. Ed. by Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn b. YaḥyÄ al-MuÊ¿allimÄ«, 13 vols. Hyderabad: DÄʾirat al-maÊ¿Ärif al-Ê¿UthmÄniyya, 1977.
-
SamarqandÄ«, AbÅ« l-Layth al-. TanbÄ«h al-ghÄfilÄ«n. Ed. by al-Sayyid al-Ê¿ArabÄ«. Mansoura: Maktabat al-Ä«mÄn, 1994.
-
SamarqandÄ«, AbÅ« Salama al-. Jumal min uṣūl al-dÄ«n wa-yalÄ«h sharḥuh. Ed. by IlhÄm QÄsimÄ«. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 2015.
-
SamarqandÄ«, Ê¿AlÄʾ l-DÄ«n al-. MÄ«zÄn al-uṣūl fÄ« natÄʾij al-Ê¿uqÅ«l. Ed. by Ê¿Abd al-Malik Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn al-SaÊ¿dÄ«, 2 vols. Mecca: JÄmiÊ¿at Umm al-QurÄ, 1984.
-
SamarqandÄ«, Ê¿AlÄʾ l-DÄ«n al-. âSharḥ TaʾwÄ«lÄt.â Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul, MS Hamidiye 176.
-
Schaeder, H.H., C.E. Bosworth and Y. Crowe. âSamarqand.â In Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Ed. by C. Edmund Bosworth. Leiden: Brill, 2007, 453â461.
-
Sezgin, Fuat. Geschichte des Arabischen Schrifttums, 9 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1967â84.
-
Sidky, Hythem. âReview of Daniel Alan Brubaker, Corrections in Early QurʾÄnic Manuscripts: Twenty Examples.â Al-Ê¿Uṣūr al-Wusá¹Ä 27 (2019): 273â288.
-
Thomas, David. Christian Doctrines in Islamic Theology. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
-
TustarÄ«, Sahl b. Ê¿Abd AllÄh al-. TafsÄ«r al-QurʾÄn al-Ê¿aáºÄ«m. Ed. by ṬÄhÄ Ê¿Abd al-Ruʾūf SaÊ¿d and Ḥasan Muḥammad Ê¿AlÄ«. Cairo: DÄr al-ḥaram, 2004.
-
van Ess, Josef. Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra, Volume 1. Trans. by John OâKane. Leiden: Brill, 2017.
-
WafÄ«, IbrÄhÄ«m ḤilmÄ« al-. SalÄm al-aḥkam Ê¿alÄ sawÄd al-aÊ¿áºam. Istanbul: Durr saÊ¿Äda, 1895.
-
Watt, William Montgomery. âThe Problem of al-MÄturÄ«dÄ«.â In Mélanges dâIslamologie. Ed. by Pierre Salmon. Leiden: Brill, 1974, 264â269.
-
Watt, William Montgomery. Islamic Creeds: A Selection. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994.
-
Watt, William Montgomery. The Formative Period of Islamic Thought. London: Oneworld, 2008.
-
Wensinck, Arent J. The Muslim Creed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1932.
-
Wisnovsky, Robert. Avicennaâs Metaphysics in Context. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.
-
Zysow, Aron. The Economy of Certainty: An Introduction to the Typology of Islamic Legal Theory. Atlanta: Lockwood Press, 2013.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 841 | 0 | 0 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 703 | 192 | 8 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 718 | 115 | 5 |
The Case of the Missing Disciple: AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-RustughfanÄ« and the First Reception of al-MÄturÄ«dÄ«âs Theology in Samarqand
äºOriensSearch for other papers by Ramon Harvey in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
Despite recognition of AbÅ« l-Ḥasan al-RustughfanÄ« (d. ca. 345/956) as the most important student of AbÅ« Manṣūr al-MÄturÄ«dÄ« (d. 333/944), a sustained treatment of his theological views has not hitherto appeared. One of the challenges that has been identified in prior studies is a lack of primary sources. To overcome this obstacle, I analyse manuscripts of âBÄb al-mutafarriqÄt min fawÄʾidâ and âal-Asʾila wa-l-ajwiba,â two texts recording al-RustughfanÄ«âs theological responsa, locating them within available bibliographic information and discussing the question of literary structure. I then contextualise the material within the polemical milieu of mid-fourth/tenth century Samarqand, arguing that al-RustughfanÄ« is the earliest figure in the SamarqandÄ« ḤanafÄ« kalÄm tradition to self-consciously adopt the full name ahl al-sunna wa-l-jamÄÊ¿a to express his theological identity. Finally, I provide an annotated theological overview of the main doctrines found in the texts with a detailed case study on divine speech and the QurʾÄn, showing how al-RustughfanÄ« bridges the gap between al-MÄturÄ«dÄ«âs rationalistic kalÄm and the ḤanafÄ« traditionalism of al-ḤakÄ«m al-SamarqandÄ« (d. 342/953).
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 841 | 0 | 0 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 703 | 192 | 8 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 718 | 115 | 5 |
