By reinterpreting a set of correspondence between Chinese and Japanese monks, this article gives a âthick descriptionâ of a lumber transaction between a prestigious monastery in Hangzhou, China, and a newly established monastery in Hakata, Japan. Examining the network connecting the two monasteries shows that in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Hakata-based Chinese merchants sought patronage and connections from powerful religious establishments in both China and Japan, whose political patronage conferred economic privileges. The quest for gaining trade profits, spreading Buddhist teachings, and enhancing political authority drove all the parties together and formed a religio-commercial network linking China and Japan.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Cao, Xun æ¹å. 1987. Songyin ji æ¾é±æé. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.
Hirowatari, Masatoshi åºæ¸¡æ£å©, ed. 1977. Hakata JoÌtenji shi å夿¿å¤©å¯ºå². Tokyo: Bunken Shuppan.
Hirowatari, Masatoshi åºæ¸¡æ£å©, ed. 1990. Hakata JoÌtenji shi hoi å夿¿å¤©å¯ºå²è£éº. Tokyo: Bunken Shuppan.
ItÅ ShÅ ä¼è¤æ¾, ed. 1975. RinkÅ chÅsho é°äº¤å¾µæ¸. Tokyo: Kokusho kankÅkai.
JÅjin æå°. 2009. Xinjiao can Tiantai Wutai shan ji æ°æ ¡å天å°äºèºå±±è¨. Collated by Wang Liping çéºè. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.
Lou, Yue æ¨é°. 1985. Gongkui ji æ»åª¿é. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.
Lu, You é¸é. 1976. Weinan wenji æ¸åæé. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.
Luo, Jun ç¾ æ¿¬ and Fang Wanli æ¹è¬é. 2011. Baoqing Siming zhi å¯¶æ ¶åæå¿. Ningbo: Ningbo chubanshe.
Miyoshi, Tameyasu ä¸åçºåº·, ed. 1999. ChoÌya gunsai æé群è¼. Tokyo: Yoshikawa koÌbunkan.
Munakata jinja fukkÅ kiseikai å®åç¥ç¤¾å¾©èææä¼, ed. 1961. Munakata jinja shi å®åç¥ç¤¾å². Tokyo: SeikÅsha.
Shiraishi, HÅryÅ« ç½ç³è³ç. 1930. TÅfukuji shi æ±ç¦å¯ºèª. Kyoto: Daihonzan Tofukuji.
Tayama, HÅnan ç°å±±æ¹å, ed. 1980. Zenrin bokuseki ç¦ æå¢¨è¹. Kyoto: Shibunkaku.
TetsugyÅ«, Enshin éçåå¿. 1915. Dai Nihon bukkyÅ zensho å¤§æ¥æ¬ä½æå ¨æ¸, vol. 95: ShÅichi kokushi nenpuèä¸å½å¸«å¹´è. Tokyo: Bussho kankÅkai.
Xu, Song 徿¾, ed. 1976. Songhuiyao jigao 宿è¦è¼¯ç¨¿. Taibei: Xinwenfeng chuban gongsi.
Zhu, Yu æ±å½§. 2006. Pingzhou ketan èæ´²å¯è«. Zhengzhou: Daxiang chubanshe.
Adolphson, Mikael S. 2000. The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaiâi Press.
Batten, Bruce L. 2009. An Open and Shut Case? Thoughts on Late Heian Foreign Trade. In Currents in Medieval Japanese History: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey P. Mass, ed. Gordon M. Berger, Andrew Edmund Goble, Lorraine F. Harrington, and G. Cameron Hurst III. Los Angeles: Figueroa Press: 301-330
Borgen, Robert. 1982. The Japanese Mission to China, 801-806. Monumenta Nipponica 37: 1-28.
Borgen, Robert. 2007. Jojinâs Travels from Center to Center (with Some Periphery in between). In Heian Japan: Centers and Peripheries, ed. Mikael Adolphson, Edward Kamens, and Stacie Matsumoto. Honolulu: University of Hawaiâi Press: 384-413.
Chen, Xiaofa é³å°æ³ and Jiang Jing æ±é. 2009. Jingshan wenhua yu zhongri jiaoliu å¾å±±æåè䏿¥äº¤æµ. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe.
Cobbing, Andrew. 2013. The Hakata Merchantâs World: Cultural Networks in a Centre of Maritime Trade. In Hakata: The Cultural Worlds of Northern Kyushu, ed. Andrew Cobbing. Leiden: Brill: 63-82.
Enomoto, Wataru æ¦æ¬æ¸. 2005. Eisai nittÅ engi kara mita Hakata <æ è¥¿å ¥åç¸èµ·>ããã¿ãåå¤. ChÅ«sei toshi kenkyÅ« ä¸ä¸é½å¸ç ç©¶, vol. 11. Tokyo: Shinjinbutsu Årai sha.
Enomoto, Wataru æ¦æ¬æ¸. 2008. Itawatashi no bokuseki to NissÅ bÅeki æ¿æ¸¡ã®å¢¨è¹ã¨æ¥å®è²¿æ. In Mono kara mita kaiiki Ajiashi: Mongoru SoÌ Gen jidai no Ajia to Nihon no koÌryuÌ ã¢ãããè¦ãæµ·åã¢ã¸ã¢å²: ã¢ã³ã´ã«-å®å æä»£ã®ã¢ã¸ã¢ã¨æ¥æ¬ã®äº¤æµ, ed. Yokkaichi Yasuhiro 忥å¸åº·å. Fukuoka: KyuÌshuÌ daigaku shuppankai: 39-70.
Enomoto, Wataru æ¦æ¬æ¸. 2010. SÅryo to kaishÅ tachi no higashishinakai å§ä¾¶ã¨æµ·åãã¡ã®æ±ã·ãæµ·. Tokyo: KÅdansha.
Gay, Suzanne. 2001. The Moneylenders of Late Medieval Kyoto. Honolulu: University of Hawaiâi Press.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture. In The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books: 310-323.
Gernet, Jacques. 1995. Buddhism in Chinese Society: An Economic History from the Fifth to the Tenth Centuries. Trans. Franciscus Verellen. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gu, Wenbi é¡§æç§ and Lin Shimin æå£«æ°. 1985. Ningbo xiancun Riben guo taizai fu huaqiao shike zhi yanjiu 寧波ç¾åæ¥æ¬å太宰åºè¯åç³å»ä¹ç ç©¶. Wenwu æç© 350: 26-31
Heng, Derek. 2008. Shipping, Customs Procedures, and the Foreign Community: the âPingzhou Ketanâ on Aspects of Guangzhouâs Maritime Economy in the Late Eleventh Century. Journal of Song-Yuan Studies 38: 1-38.
Huang, Chunyan é»ç´è·. 2003. Songdai haiwai maoyi å®ä»£æµ·å¤è²¿æ. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe.
Ji, Xianlin å£ç¾¨æ. 2006. Shangren yu fojiao å人è使. In Ji Xianlin, Chan yu wenhua 禪èæå. Beijing: Zhongguo yanshi chubanshe: 113-202
Kieschnick, John. 2003. The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Nishio, KenryuÌ è¥¿å°¾è³¢é. 2003. Tokufu no bokuseki å¾³æ·ã®å¢¨è¹. Nihon rekishi æ¥æ¬æ´å² 659: 84-92.
Åba, KÅshi 大åºåº·æ, Suganami Masato è æ³¢æ£äºº, Tagami YÅ«ichirÅ ç°ä¸åä¸é, and Saeki KÅji ä½ä¼¯å¼æ¬¡, ed. 2008. ChÅ«sei toshi Hakata wo horu ä¸ä¸é½å¸Â·åå¤ãæã. Fukuoka: KaichÅsha.
Schottenhammer, Angela. 2016. Chinaâs Gate to the Indian Ocean: Iranian and Arab Long-Distance Traders. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 76: 135-179.
Shiba, Yoshinobu æ¯æ³¢ç¾©ä¿¡. 1970. Commerce and Society in Sung China. Trans. Mark Elvin. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
von Glahn, Richard. 2010. Monies of Account and Monetary Transition in China, Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53/3: 463-505.
von Glahn, Richard. 2014. The Ningbo-Hakata Merchant Network and the Reorientation of East Asian Maritime Trade, 1150-1350. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 74: 249-279.
von Glahn, Richard. 2015. The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
von Verschuer, Charlotte. 2006. Across the Perilous Sea: Japanese Trade with China and Korea from the Seventh to the Sixteenth Centuries. Trans. Kristen Lee Hunter. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Walsh, Michael J. 2015. The Buddhist Monastic Economy. In Modern Chinese Religion I: Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD), ed. John Lagerwey and Pierre Marsone. Leiden: Brill: 1270-1303. DOI 10.1163/9789004271647_022
Watanabe, Makoto æ¸¡è¾ºèª . 2012. Heian jidai bÅeki kanri seido shi no kenkyÅ« å¹³å®æä»£è²¿æç®¡çå¶åº¦å²ã®ç ç©¶. Kyoto: Shibunkaku.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 692 | 66 | 12 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 64 | 12 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 188 | 31 | 0 |
By reinterpreting a set of correspondence between Chinese and Japanese monks, this article gives a âthick descriptionâ of a lumber transaction between a prestigious monastery in Hangzhou, China, and a newly established monastery in Hakata, Japan. Examining the network connecting the two monasteries shows that in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Hakata-based Chinese merchants sought patronage and connections from powerful religious establishments in both China and Japan, whose political patronage conferred economic privileges. The quest for gaining trade profits, spreading Buddhist teachings, and enhancing political authority drove all the parties together and formed a religio-commercial network linking China and Japan.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 692 | 66 | 12 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 64 | 12 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 188 | 31 | 0 |