Green roofs: new ecosystems to defend species diversity
äºIsrael Journal of Ecology and EvolutionSearch for other papers by Michael L. Rosenzweig in
Current site
Google Scholar
Many contributions to the symposium seek to expand the role of green roofs in the conservation of biodiversity. Indeed, if green roofs can be harnessed for biodiversity, they will add area to that now available to nature. That would have the mass effect of increasing the sustainable number of species in simple conformity with the species--area relationship. Because all green roofs are novel ecosystems, all represent instances of reconciliation ecology, i.e., re-engineering human uses to permit simultaneous beneficial use by people and nature. Green roofs can provide a large number of experiments that might teach us how to improve their design. But those experiments, like any in science, must be overtly designed so that their hypotheses are clear and explicit, their methods repeatable, and their data appropriate for rigorous analysis. I present an embryonic example using native plant species growing at ground level in the urban environments of Tucson, AZ, USA. Steps include: (1) formulating a hypothesis; (2) developing a database of species' attributes to allow intelligent selection for hypothesis testing; (3) developing software to allow winnowing the list of species to sets with a good chance, according to the hypothesis, of growing together; (4) installing the sets of plants and measuring the results; (5) defining a continuous measure of conformity with the hypothesis; and (6) comparing results to hypothesis. If ecologists can successfully design reconciled ecosystems in urban settings â green roofs included â city people will be able to re-establish their everyday connection to nature.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Angert AL, , Horst JL, , Huxman TE, , Venable DL. 2010. Phenotypic plasticity and precipitation response in Sonoran Desert winter annuals. Am J Bot. 97:405â411.
-
Audubon Society of Portland. 2015. Vaux's swifts. Available from: http://audubonportland.org/wcc/urban/vauxsswift
-
Bowers JE, , Turner RM. 1985. A revised vascular flora of Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona. Madroño. 32:225â252.
-
Catry I, , Alcazar R, , Franco AMA, , Sutherland WJ. 2009. Identifying the effectiveness and constraints of conservation interventions: a case study of the endangered lesser kestrel. Biol Conserv. 142:2782â2791.
-
Coe FE. 1892. Modern Europe. Boston (MA): Silver, Burdett & Company.
-
Coville FV, , MacDougal DT. 1903. The desert botanical laboratory of the Carnegie institution, publication 6. Washington (DC): Carnegie Institution of Washington.
-
Forero MG, , Tella JL, , Donazar JA, , Hiraldo F. 1996. Can interspecific competition and nest availability explain the decrease of Lesser Kestrel Falconaumanni populations? Biol Conserv. 78:289â293.
-
Gaffin SR, , Rosenzweig C, , Eichenbaum-Pikser J, , Khanbilvardi R, , Susca T. 2010. A temperature and seasonal energy analysis of green, white, and black roofs. New York (NY): Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research. Available from: http://ccsr.columbia.edu/cig/greenroofs
-
Grant G. 2006. Extensive green roofs in London. Urban Habitats. 4:51â65.
-
International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 2014. Red list of threatened species, version 2014.3. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22733935/0
-
Jordan WR III. 2003. The sunflower forest; ecological restoration and the new communion with nature. Berkeley (CA): University of California.
-
Jordan WR III, , Lubick GM. 2011. Making nature whole: a history of ecological restoration. Washington (DC): Island Press.
-
Kinlock NL, , Schindler BY, , Gurevitch J. 2016. Biological invasions in the context of green roofs. Isr J Ecol Evol. 62(1â2):32â43.
-
Köhler M, . 1990. The living conditions of plants on the roofs of buildings. In: Sukopp H, , Hejny S, editors. Urban ecology. International Botanical Congress (14th: 1987: Berlin, Germany). The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing; p. 195â207.
-
Kruskal J. 1956. On the shortest spanning subtree of a graph and the traveling salesman problem. Proc Am Math Soc. 7:48â50.
-
Liven-Schulman I, , Leshem Y, , Alon D, , Yom-Tov Y. 2004. Causes of population declines of the Lesser Kestrel Falconaumanni in Israel. Ibis. 146:145â152.
-
Lundholm JT. 2016. Spontaneous dynamics and wild design in green roofs. Isr J Ecol Evol. 62(1â2):23â31.
-
Madre F, , Vergnes A, , Machon N, , Clergeau P. 2014. Green roofs as habitats for wild plant species in urban landscapes: first insights from a large-scale sampling. Landsc Urban Plan. 122:100â107.
-
Nash C, , Clough J, , Gedge D, , Lindsay R, , Newport D, , Ciupala MA, , Connop S. 2015. Initial insights on the biodiversity potential of biosolar roofs: a London Olympic Park green roof case study. Isr J Ecol Evol. 62(1â2):74â87.
-
Pima County. 2013. The Sonoran desert conservation plan. Available from: http://webcms.pima.gov/government/sustainability_and_conservation/conservation_science/the_sonoran_desert_conservation_plan/
-
Pomarol M. 1996. Artificial nest structure design and management implications for the lesser kestrel (Falconaumanni). J Raptor Res. 30:169â172.
-
Rosenzweig ML. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
-
Rosenzweig ML. 2003. Win-win ecology: how the Earth's species can survive in the midst of human enterprise. (NY): Oxford University Press.
-
Rosenzweig ML, . 2004. Applying species-area relationships to the conservation of species diversity. In: Lomolino MV, , Heany L, editors. Frontiers of biogeography; new directions in the geography of nature. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; p. 325â343.
-
Rosenzweig ML, , Buzzard V, , Donoghue J II, , Lehr G, , Mazumdar N, , Rasmussen HM, , Simova I, , Trageser S, , Wernett H, , Xu J. 2013. Patterns in the diversity of the world's land vertebrate genera. Evol Ecol Res. 15:869â882.
-
Rosenzweig ML, , Drumlevitch F, , Borgmann KL, , Flesch AD, , Grajeda SM, , Johnson G, , Mackay K, , Nicholson KL, , Patterson V, , Pri-Tal BM, et al.. 2012. An ecological telescope to view future terrestrial vertebrate diversity. Evol Ecol Res. 14:247â268.
-
Schindler BY, , Blank L, , Levy S, , Kadas G, , Pearlmutter D, , Blaustein L. 2016. Integration of photovoltaic panels and green roofs: review and predictions of effects on electricity production and plant communities. Isr J Ecol Evol. 62(1â2):68â73.
-
Shreve F. 1930. The Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. In: Progressive Arizona and the Great Southwest; p. 3â12. Available from: http://tumamoc.org/Shreve1930.html
-
Spalding VM. 1909. Distribution and movements of desert plants, publication 113. Washington (DC): Carnegie Institution of Washington.
-
Starry OS. 2016. Ecosystem ecology as a framework for organizing and advancing green roof research. Isr J Ecol Evol. 62(1â2):97â102.
-
Sutton R, , Rowe B, , MacDonagh P, , Acomb G, , Lambronis J, , Hawke R. 2012. Plant performance for 21st century green roof ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the 10th Annual Green Roof and Wall Conference; Chicago (IL).
-
Thuring C, , Grant G. 2016. Biodiversity and extensive green roofs - a review of research and practice in temperate climates. Isr J Ecol Evol. 62(1â2):44â57.
-
Vasl A, , Heim A. 2016. Preserving plant diversity on extensive green roofs - theory to practice. Isr J Ecol Evol. 62(1â2):103â111.
-
Viens D. 2008. On the wing: the swifts of Chapman school. Real Earl Productions. Available from: http://www.swiftsmovie.com/synopsis.html
-
Williams NSG, , Lundholm J, , MacIvor JS. 2014. Do green roofs help urban biodiversity conservation? J Appl Ecol. 51:1643â1649.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 1398 | 117 | 14 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 91 | 3 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 147 | 7 | 0 |
Green roofs: new ecosystems to defend species diversity
äºIsrael Journal of Ecology and EvolutionSearch for other papers by Michael L. Rosenzweig in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Many contributions to the symposium seek to expand the role of green roofs in the conservation of biodiversity. Indeed, if green roofs can be harnessed for biodiversity, they will add area to that now available to nature. That would have the mass effect of increasing the sustainable number of species in simple conformity with the species--area relationship. Because all green roofs are novel ecosystems, all represent instances of reconciliation ecology, i.e., re-engineering human uses to permit simultaneous beneficial use by people and nature. Green roofs can provide a large number of experiments that might teach us how to improve their design. But those experiments, like any in science, must be overtly designed so that their hypotheses are clear and explicit, their methods repeatable, and their data appropriate for rigorous analysis. I present an embryonic example using native plant species growing at ground level in the urban environments of Tucson, AZ, USA. Steps include: (1) formulating a hypothesis; (2) developing a database of species' attributes to allow intelligent selection for hypothesis testing; (3) developing software to allow winnowing the list of species to sets with a good chance, according to the hypothesis, of growing together; (4) installing the sets of plants and measuring the results; (5) defining a continuous measure of conformity with the hypothesis; and (6) comparing results to hypothesis. If ecologists can successfully design reconciled ecosystems in urban settings â green roofs included â city people will be able to re-establish their everyday connection to nature.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 1398 | 117 | 14 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 91 | 3 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 147 | 7 | 0 |
