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The Return of the Ten Thousand

Structural Deficiency or Proper Function of the Administrative System of the Achaemenid Empire?

于Iran and the Caucasus
著者:
Amin Babadi University of Tehran Tehran Iran

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https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2718-7444
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Morteza Arabzadeh Sarbanani University of Tehran Tehran Iran

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1159-7466
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Abstract

Many Greek historians and their Western successors viewed the Achaemenid decline as beginning with Xerxes’ invasion of Greece. The return of Cyrus the Younger’s Greek mercenaries after the Battle of Cunaxa was seen as a sign of Persian weakness, foreshadowing Alexander’s invasion. This article examines the link between the Achaemenid Empire’s administrative structure and the successful march of the Ten Thousand. It argues that the empire’s hierarchical organization, divided into military territories, required local authorities to defend their regions while also supplying forces to the central government during crises such as Cyrus’s revolt. Although the grand satraps were preoccupied with civil war and could not effectively counter the Greeks, local authorities managed to resist them, suggesting that the Greeks’ return reflected the Achaemenids’ effective administrative system rather than their decline.

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