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Power(s) or Exploitation: On a ‘Point of Heresy’ between Foucault and Marx

In: Historical Materialism
Author:
Matteo Polleri Affiliated Researcher, Laboratoire Sophiapol, Université Paris Nanterre Paris France
Visiting Assistant Professor, Institut d’études politiques de Lyon Lyon France

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https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3657-5013
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Abstract

The aim of this article is to overcome one of the conceptual antinomies behind the general opposition between Marx and Foucault: the antinomy between the critique of ‘capitalist exploitation’ and the analysis of the ‘relations of powers’. Using Balibar’s notion of ‘point of heresy’ I propose to follow a double movement: from Marx to Foucault, and from Foucault to Marx. In the first part, I show that several Marxian concepts are at once presupposed and redefined in Foucault’s book Discipline and Punish and in its preparatory courses at the Collège de France. In the second part of the article, I reread some pages from Marx’s first volume of Capital to argue that they present an analysis of the ‘relations of powers’ that make possible the capitalist’s exploitation of workers.

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