Möchten Sie über diese Zeitschrift informiert bleiben? Klicken Sie bitte auf die Buttons, um unsere Alerts zu abonnieren.
Möchten Sie über diese Zeitschrift informiert bleiben? Klicken Sie bitte auf die Buttons, um unsere Alerts zu abonnieren.
Describing workload and scientific information on conditioning horses
in Comparative Exercise PhysiologySearch for other papers by C.W. Rogers in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by J.L.L. Rivero in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by E. van Breda in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by A. Lindner in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by M.M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
At the International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP7), about 70 people attended the workshop on workload and conditioning guided by the authors. Most of the audience were involved in Thoroughbred or Standardbred racing, and only a limited number of people were mainly involved in FEI equestrian disciplines (sport horses). The workshop and this review article address the measurement of workload and conditioning of the Thoroughbred racehorse. It was proposed that workload could be quantified using a few selected parameters commonly recorded in the racing industries, such as velocity and distance, to generate a cumulative workload index. The review of conditioning focuses on the Thoroughbred racehorse and examines what can be modified with training, how training programmes should be designed based upon scientific methods and how training programmes should be routinely designed in current practice. It would appear that, in general, the methods used in practice for training Thoroughbred racehorses are quite similar to those used in a set of recent scientific studies, particularly in young (2–3-years-old) Thoroughbreds. Nevertheless, both the length of the training programme and the total amount of exercise are usually shorter/lower than ideal in order to maximize physiological adaptations within the animal’s body. In planning the training programme, it is very important to recognize that different adaptations occur at different rates, and this will affect the relative amount of training that should be applied to achieve specific adaptations.
-
Goodship AE, Cunningham JL, Oganov V, Darling J, Miles AW, Owen GW and Kuipers (1999). A bone loss during long term space flight is prevented by the application of a short term impulsive mechanical stimulus. Acta Astronautica 43: 65.
-
Dykgraaf S, Firth EC, Rogers CW and Kawcak CE (2004). Effect of exercise on cartilage and subchondral bone of young Thoroughbred horses. AAEP Focus on Joints. Louisville Kentucky, pp. 220–225.
-
Foster C, Florhaug JA, Franklin J, Gottschall L, Hrovatin LA, Parker S, Doleshal P and Dodge C (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 15: 109–115.
-
Padilla S, Mujika I, Orbananos J, Santisteban J, Angulo F and Goiriena JJ (2001). Exercise intensity and load during massstart stage races in professional road cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33: 796–802.
-
Rogers CW and Firth EC (2004). Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 2. Measurement error and effect of training stage on the relationship between objective and subjective criteria of training workload. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52: 272–279.
-
Marlin D and Nankervis K (2002). Equine Exercise Physiology. UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, pp. 1–6.
-
Davie AJ (2006). A scientific approach to training Thoroughbreds. In: Lindner A (ed.), Management of Lameness Causes in Sport Horses (pp. 69–83). Wageningen the Netherlands: The Wageningen Press.
-
Pilegaard H, Ordway GA, Saltin B and Neufer D (2000). Transcriptional regulation of geane expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinolygy and Metabolism 279: E806–E814.
-
Tyler CM, Golland LC, Evand DL, Hodgson DR and Rose RJ (1998). Skeletal muscle adaptations to prolonged training, overtraining and detraining in horses. Pflügers Archives – European Journal of Physiology 436: 391–397.
-
Evans DL, Rainger JE, Hodgson DR, Eaton MD and Rose RJ (1995). The effects of intensity and duration of training on blood lactate concentration during and after exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 18: 422–425.
-
Young LE, Marlin DJ, Deaton C, Brown-Feltner H, Roberts CA and Wood JLN (2002). Hear size estimated by echocardiography correlates with maximal oxygen uptake. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 467–471.
-
Rivero JLL and Piercey RJ (2004). Muscle physiology: responses to exercise and training. In: Hinchliff K (ed.), Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. London: Saunders Elsevier Ltd, pp. 45–76.
-
Miyata H, Sugiura T, Kai M, Hiraga A and Tokuriki M (1999). Muscle adaptation of Thoroughbred racehorses trained on a flat or sloped track. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60: 1536–1539.
-
Yamano S, Eto D, Sugioura T, Kai M, Hiraga A, Tokuriki M and Miyata H (2002). Effect of growth and training on muscle adaptation in Thoroughbred horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 63: 1408–1412.
-
Smith RK, Birch H, Patterson-Kane J, Firth EC, Williams L, van Cherdchutham WWR and Goodship AE (1999). Should equine athletes commence training during skeletal development? Changes in tendon matrix associated with development, againg, function and exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 30: 201–209.
-
Rushall B and Pike F (1990). Training for Sport and Fitness. Melbourne: The Macmillan Company of Australia, pp. 1–6.
-
Lindholm A and Piehl K (1974). Fibre composition, enzyme activity and concentrations of metabolites and electrolytes in muscles of Standardbred horses. Acta Veterinary Scandinavica 15: 280–309.
-
Misumi K, Sakamoto H and Shimizu R (1995). Changes in skeletal muscle composition in responses to swimming training for young horses. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 57: 959–961.
-
Henck RW, McKeever KH, Always SE, Auge WK, Whitehead R, Bertone AL and Lombardo JA (1996). Resitance training induced increases in muscle mass and performance in ponies. Medicine Science in Sports and Exercise 28: 877–884.
-
Serrano AL and Rivero JLLL (2000). Myosin heavy chain profile of equine gluteus medius muscle following draught exercise training and detraining. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 21: 235–245.
-
Gansen S, Lindner A, Marx S, Mosen H and Sallman HP (1999). Effects of conditioning horses with lactate-guided exercise on muscle glycogen content. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 30: 329–331.
-
Duarte JA, Appell HJ, Carvalho F, Bastos ML and Soares JM (1993). Endothelium-derived oxidative stress may contribute to exercise-induced muscle damage. International Journal of Sports Medicine 14: 440–443.
-
van Ginneken MME (2006). Adaptation of signal transduction and muscle proteome in trained horses. PhD Thesis, The Netherlands: University of Utrecht.
| Insgesamt | Letzte 365 Tage | In den letzten 30 Tagen | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aufrufe von Kurzbeschreibungen | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gesamttextansichten | 99 | 23 | 4 |
| PDF-Downloads | 157 | 97 | 12 |
Describing workload and scientific information on conditioning horses
in Comparative Exercise PhysiologySearch for other papers by C.W. Rogers in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by J.L.L. Rivero in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by E. van Breda in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by A. Lindner in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M.M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
At the International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP7), about 70 people attended the workshop on workload and conditioning guided by the authors. Most of the audience were involved in Thoroughbred or Standardbred racing, and only a limited number of people were mainly involved in FEI equestrian disciplines (sport horses). The workshop and this review article address the measurement of workload and conditioning of the Thoroughbred racehorse. It was proposed that workload could be quantified using a few selected parameters commonly recorded in the racing industries, such as velocity and distance, to generate a cumulative workload index. The review of conditioning focuses on the Thoroughbred racehorse and examines what can be modified with training, how training programmes should be designed based upon scientific methods and how training programmes should be routinely designed in current practice. It would appear that, in general, the methods used in practice for training Thoroughbred racehorses are quite similar to those used in a set of recent scientific studies, particularly in young (2–3-years-old) Thoroughbreds. Nevertheless, both the length of the training programme and the total amount of exercise are usually shorter/lower than ideal in order to maximize physiological adaptations within the animal’s body. In planning the training programme, it is very important to recognize that different adaptations occur at different rates, and this will affect the relative amount of training that should be applied to achieve specific adaptations.
| Insgesamt | Letzte 365 Tage | In den letzten 30 Tagen | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aufrufe von Kurzbeschreibungen | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gesamttextansichten | 99 | 23 | 4 |
| PDF-Downloads | 157 | 97 | 12 |
