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Effect of milk ingestion after daily exercise on female athletes during the menstrual cycle: A randomised controlled trial

in Comparative Exercise Physiology
Autor:innen:
T. Matsuda Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-5655
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N. Ikegami Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan

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S. Takahashi Faculty of Sport Culture, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan

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M. Sakamaki-Sunaga Faculty of Childhood Sport Education, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-8767
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Abstract

Drinking milk after exercise may support short-term recovery and long-term training adaptations. However, the influence of the menstrual cycle in female athletes has been overlooked in previous studies. We investigated the effects of milk ingestion after daily exercise on recovery in female athletes during the different menstrual cycle phases. Twenty-six female collegiate softball players with regular menstrual cycles participated in this study. The participants consumed either 400 ml of milk or an isocaloric carbohydrate beverage daily, immediately, and 30 min after practice for 6 days in the early follicular or luteal phase. Blood glucose, blood lactate, and serum creatine kinase levels; body composition; performance test (18.29 m base running); and subjective fatigue and gastrointestinal status were measured before (day 1) and after the intervention (day 8). Blood lactate and serum creatine kinase levels, body composition, performance, subjective fatigue, and gastrointestinal status were comparable between the groups before and after the intervention. However, blood glucose levels significantly increased after the intervention compared to before in the luteal phase with carbohydrate beverage ingestion ( P = 0.013) and tended to increase after exercise in the luteal phase with milk ingestion ( P = 0.078). In conclusion, milk added to a post-exercise recovery beverage for 6 days may not affect recovery, irrespective of the menstrual cycle phase. However, the menstrual cycle affects blood glucose levels regardless of the type of beverage consumed after exercise.

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