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The gut mycobiome composition is linked to carotid atherosclerosis

In: Beneficial Microbes
Authors:
M.R. Chacón Research Unit, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Mallafrè Guash 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.

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J. Lozano-Bartolomé Research Unit, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Mallafrè Guash 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.

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M. Portero-Otín Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida, Avda Rovira Roure 80, 25196 Lleida, Spain.

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M.M. Rodríguez Research Unit, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Mallafrè Guash 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.

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G. Xifra Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain.
CIBERobn Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), C/ Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

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J. Puig Department of Radiology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain.

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G. Blasco Department of Radiology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain.

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W. Ricart Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain.
CIBERobn Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), C/ Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

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F.J. Chaves Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico de Valencia-INCLIVA, Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

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J.M. Fernández-Real Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Carrer del Dr. Castany, s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain.
CIBERobn Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), C/ Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

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The mycobiotic component of the microbiota comprises an integral, yet under-researched, part of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present a preliminary study of the possible contribution of gut mycobiota to sub-clinical atherosclerosis in a well-characterised group of obese and non-obese subjects in association with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). From all taxa identified, the relative abundance of the phylum Zygomycota, comprising the family Mucoraceae and genus Mucor, was negatively associated with cIMT and this association remained significant after controlling for false discovery rate. Obese subjects with detectable Mucor spp. had a similar cardiovascular risk profile as non-obese subjects. Interestingly, the relative abundance of Mucor racemosus was negatively associated both with FRS and cIMT. Partial least square discriminant analyses modelling, evaluating the potential relevance of gut mycobiota in patients stratified by mean values of cIMT, showed that even a 1 component model had a high accuracy (0.789), with a high R2 value (0.51). Variable importance in projection scores showed that M. racemosus abundance had the same impact in the model as waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting triglycerides or fasting glucose, suggesting that M. racemosus relative abundance in the gut may be a relevant biomarker for cardiovascular risk.

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