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Combined effect of beauvericin and T-2 toxin on antioxidant defence systems in cherry tomato shoots

In: World Mycotoxin Journal
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C. Paciolla Department of Biology, Università di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy

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A. Florio Department of Biology, Università di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy

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G. Mulè National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy

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A.F. Logrieco National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy

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During their life cycle, plants can undergo simultaneous attack by different pathogens that produce various toxins. It is well known that in some plant-fungal interactions, mycotoxins play an important role in pathogenesis and induce a reactive oxygen species increase. Plants counteract the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species by reinforcing their defence systems. The mycotoxins T-2 toxin (T-2) and beauvericin (BEA) are produced by some Fusarium species and have different chemical structures, mechanisms of action and biological activities. In this study, the individual and combined effects of these two toxins on defence systems, such as the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and peroxidases, were evaluated in cherry tomato shoots. Hydrogen peroxide content as an index of oxidative stress was also measured. Inhibitory effects on ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate, and stimulatory effects on glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and reduced glutathione were observed when tomato plants were simultaneously treated with BEA and T-2. The trend of these biochemical parameters highlight the presence of a range of defence mechanisms activated by plants in response to mycotoxins. The interaction between BEA and T-2 resulting in synergistic and/or antagonistic effects on the studied defence systems is also discussed. It is concluded that the effects of these mycotoxins alone are not predictive of their combined effects.

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