Facial expression of harbour seal pups (Phoca vitulina) in response to painful stimuli

In: Proceedings of the 51st Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology
Authors:
Amelia Mari Macrae University of British Columbia, Animal Welfare Program, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada; amarimacrae@gmail.com

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David Fraser University of British Columbia, Animal Welfare Program, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada; amarimacrae@gmail.com

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Joanna Makowska University of British Columbia, Animal Welfare Program, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada; amarimacrae@gmail.com

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Type:
Chapter
Pages:
194
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086868582_151

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