Deep Seabed Mining: the Next Frontier in International Investment Law

Patricia Cruz Trabanino

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Chapter 7 Deep Seabed Mining: the Next Frontier in International Investment Law

于Social License and Dispute Resolution in the Extractive Industries

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Patricia Cruz Trabanino

Patricia Cruz Trabanino
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类型:: 章节

Page Range:: 161–185

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004450165_010

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Abstract

The ocean floor is rich with valuable mineral deposits, including manganese, nickel, copper, and cobalt—the raw materials for batteries, cell phones, wind turbines, and other products for which demand is increasing worldwide. As demand for these minerals increases, interest in the resources located on the seabed grows along with it. Many of these mineral resources are located beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, in what is known as the Area, and both sovereign states and private contractors have shown great interest in the resources located there. Deep seabed mining—specifically, the commercial exploitation of mineral resources in the Area—is thus fast approaching.

By all indicators, deep seabed mining will be an endeavor of great magnitude. Existing exploration contracts cover a million squared kilometers of the Area, and it is estimated that some mineral deposits in the Area exceed the mineral reserves available on land. A wide variety of actors, from developed and developing states, to mining majors and smaller mining companies, have participated in exploration activities with an eye towards mineral exploitation in the future. Accordingly, investments in deep seabed mining projects will be significant, and investors will therefore seek to protect their investments in deep seabed mining projects through various means, including international investment law. International investment law, which encompasses international investment agreements (iias) and investor-state dispute settlement (isds), has long been a feature of the investment protection regime in the land-based mining industry, and it can be expected that it will feature in the deep seabed mining industry as well.

International investment law, however, may not apply to deep seabed mining in the same way it applies to land-based mining. Deep seabed mining shares similarities with land-based mining activity, but at the same time is characterized by distinctive features that could affect when an arbitral tribunal might exercise jurisdiction over an investment dispute and how that tribunal might apply the standards of protection in the relevant iia. This chapter seeks to identify some of those distinctive features, and analyzes how they might affect the application of international investment law to deep seabed mining disputes.

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Social License and Dispute Resolution in the Extractive Industries

丛编： International and Comparative Business Law and Public Policy, 卷： 1

ISBN:: 9789004450165

出版社:: Brill | Nijhoff

印刷出版日期:: 20 Feb 2021

Subjects
- International Law

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Chapter 7 Deep Seabed Mining: the Next Frontier in International Investment Law

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Social License and Dispute Resolution in the Extractive Industries

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