Bauer or Luxemburg? Understanding the Yugoslav Communist âRight Factionâ in the 1920s
äºHistorical MaterialismSearch for other papers by Stefan Gužvica in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
This article is a reassessment of the âright factionâ in the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) in the 1920s. This group confronted the party leadership and the Comintern over the applicability in Yugoslavia of Leninist self-determination until secession. As such, they had been variously described as either Austro-Marxists or Serbian nationalists. However, the right factionâs common thread was scepticism regarding the revolutionary potential of nationalism. This places them in the Luxemburgist camp, meaning their critique of Leninism on the national question came from the left, not the right. While questioning the general applicability of the leftâright distinction regarding the Yugoslav communist movement, the article will pay particular attention to the figure of Sima MarkoviÄ, the factionâs unofficial leader. His arguments were fundamentally Luxemburgist, although he vehemently denied that in discussions with the Comintern. The article will conclude with a reflection on how and why MarkoviÄâs eclectic and oftentimes contradictory views came to be considered Austro-Marxist rather than Luxemburgist, and how these accusations were instrumentalised in the process that the Comintern called âBolshevisationâ.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
Anderson, Kevin 1995, Lenin, Hegel, and Western Marxism: A Critical Study, Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
-
AntoniÄ, Zdravko (ed.) 1991, Rodoljub ÄolakoviÄ u svetlu svog dnevnika, Belgrade: Knjiga.
-
Banac, Ivo 1988, With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
-
Biondich, Mark 2000, Stjepan RadiÄ, the Croat Peasant Party, and the Politics of Mass Mobilization, 1904â1928, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
-
Bourrinet, Philippe 1992, âAn Ambiguous Journey â Ante Ciliga (1898â1992)â, libcom.org, available at: <https://libcom.org/files/Ciliga_obit.pdf>.
-
Bourrinet, Philippe 2017, The Dutch and German Communist Left (1900â1968), Historical Materialism Book Series, Leiden: Brill.
-
Carr, Edward Hallett 1964, A History of Soviet Russia. Volume 7: Socialism in One Country, 1924â 1926, Volume Three, Part I, London: Macmillan.
-
Connor, Walker 1984, The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
-
CvetkoviÄ, Slavoljub 1970, âDr Sima MarkoviÄ (prilog za biografiju)â, Prilozi za istoriju socijalizma, 7: 397â415.
-
CvetkoviÄ, Slavoljub 1985, Idejne borbe u KomunistiÄkoj partiji Jugoslavije 1919â1928, Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju.
-
CvijiÄ, Gjuro 1922, âPropast zemlje ili promena režimaâ, Borba â nezavisan politiÄki i druÅ¡tveni list, I, 1, 19 (February 1922): 1.
-
Äobanski, Mila, Zvonimir GoluboviÄ and Živan Kumanov 1976, Novi Sad u ratu i revoluciji, Volume 1, Novi Sad: Institut za izuÄavanje istorije Vojvodine.
-
Äilas, Aleksa 1991, The Contested Country: Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution, 1919â1953, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
-
DjokiÄ, Dejan 2003, Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918â1992, London: Hurst & Company.
-
Fayet, Jean-François 2008, âPaul Levi and the Turning Point of 1921: Bolshevik Emissaries and International Discipline in the Time of Leninâ, in Bolshevism, Stalinism, and the Comintern: Perspectives on Stalinization, edited by Norman LaPorte, Kevin Morgan and Matthew Worley, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
-
Fernbach, David (ed.) 2011, In the Steps of Rosa Luxemburg: Selected Writings of Paul Levi, Historical Materialism Book Series, Leiden: Brill.
-
Fowkes, Ben 2008, âTo Make the Nation or to Break It: Communist Dilemmas in Two Interwar Multinational Statesâ, in Bolshevism, Stalinism, and the Comintern: Perspectives on Stalinization, edited by Norman LaPorte, Kevin Morgan and Matthew Worley, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
-
Fox, Michael S. 1991, âAnte Ciliga, Trotskii, and State Capitalism: Theory, Tactics, and Reevaluation during the Purge Era, 1935â1939â, Slavic Review, 50, 1: 127â143.
-
GligorijeviÄ, Branislav 1992, Kominterna, jugoslovensko i srpsko pitanje, Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju.
-
GriÅ¡ina, Ritta Petrovna (ed.) 2003, Nacionalânyj vopros na Balkanach Äerez prizmu mirovoj revoljucii (v dokumentach centralânyh rossijskich archivov naÄala â serediny 1920-ich godov), Volume 2, Moscow: ROSSPEN.
-
Hauch, Gabriella 2018, â»Es ist notwendig, dass klar und offen gesprochen wird.« Josef Strasser (1870â1935), ein demokratischer Kommunist in Ãsterreichâ, in Jahrbuch für Historische Kommunismusforschung 2018, edited by Ulrich Mählert, Matthias Middell, Jörg Baberowski, Bernhard H. Bayerlein, Bernd Faulenbach, Peter Steinbach, Stefan Troebst and Manfred Wilke, pp. 61â78, Berlin: Metropol Verlag.
-
Haug, Hilde Katrine 2012, Creating A Socialist Yugoslavia: Tito, the Communist Leadership and the National Question, London: I.B. Tauris.
-
JeÅ¡iÄ, Rafailo 1969, âIdeoloÅ¡ko-politiÄke struje u radniÄkom pokretu Srbije 1903â1914â, Tokovi istorije, 4: 3â156.
-
JovanoviÄ, Žarko 1984, KPJ prema seljaÅ¡tvu 1919â1941, Belgrade: Narodna knjiga.
-
Kamenev, Ju. 1919, Imperializm i Balkanskaja respublika, New York: Russkaja socialistiÄeskaja federacija.
-
KarabegoviÄ, Ibrahim 1974, âSaradnja SocijalistiÄke radne grupe âUjedinjenjeâ i Oblasnog odbora SocijalistiÄke partije Jugoslavije za BiH (1925â1929)â, Prilozi Instituta za istoriju Sarajevo, 9, 1: 243â269.
-
Katardžiev, Ivan 1983, Makedonsko nacionalno pitanje, 1919â1930, Zagreb: Globus.
-
Kemmerer, Alexandra 2016, âEditing Rosa: Luxemburg, the Revolution, and the Politics of Infantilizationâ, The European Journal of International Law, 27, 3: 853â864.
-
KljaiÄ, Stipe 2017, Nikada viÅ¡e Jugoslavija: intelektualci i hrvatsko nacionalno pitanje (1929â1945), Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest.
-
KneževiÄ, Relja 2014, âDirektaÅ¡i: revolucionarno-sindikalistiÄka struja unutar Srpske socijaldemokratske partije 1906â1912â, Tokovi istorije, 2: 55â82.
-
Kobsa, Leopold 1967, âPrilog istraživanju stajaliÅ¡ta KPJ o nacionalnom pitanju u Jugoslaviji u razdoblju od kongresa ujedinjenja 1919 do lipanjskog plenuma CK KPJ 1935â, Prispevki za zgodovino delavskega gibanja, VII, 1â2: 343â354.
-
Kofos, Evangelos 1993, Nationalism and Communism in Macedonia: Civil Conflict, Politics of Mutation, National Identity, New Rochelle, NY: Aristide D. Caratzas.
-
Komintern 1925, Pjatyj vsemirnyj kongress KommunistiÄeskogo internacionala, 17 ijunja â 8 ijulja 1924 g. StenografiÄeskij otÄet, Volume 1, Moscow/Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatelâstvo.
-
KostiÄ, Aleksandar (ed.) 2013, Sima MarkoviÄ: Zbornik radova sa nauÄnog skupa âDruÅ¡tveno-politiÄka i nauÄna misao i delatnost Sime MarkoviÄaâ, Belgrade: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti.
-
LaPorte, Norman, Kevin Morgan and Matthew Worley (eds.) 2008, Bolshevism, Stalinism and the Comintern: Perspectives on Stalinization, 1917â53, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
-
Lenin, Vladimir IlâiÄ 1973, V.I. Lenin, polnoe sobranie soÄinenij, Volume 25, Moscow: Izdatelâstvo politiÄeskoj literatury.
-
Lih, Lars T. 2015, ââThe New Era of War and Revolutionâ: Lenin, Kautsky, Hegel and the Outbreak of World War Iâ, in Cataclysm 1914: The First World War and the Making of Modern World Politics, edited by Alexander Anievas, Historical Materialism Book Series, Leiden: Brill.
-
Luxemburg, Rosa 1971, Selected Political Writings of Rosa Luxemburg, edited by Dick Howard, New York: Monthly Review Press.
-
Luxemburg, Rosa 1976, The National Question: Selected Writings by Rosa Luxemburg, edited by Horace B. Davis, New York: NYU Press.
-
Marinov, Tchavdar and Alexander Vezenkov 2013, âCommunism and Nationalism in the Balkans: Marriage of Convenience or Mutual Attraction?â, in Entangled Histories of the Balkans, Volume Two, Transfers of Political Ideologies and Institutions, edited by Roumen Daskalov and Diana Mishkova, Leiden: Brill.
-
MarkoviÄ, Sima 2012, Komunizam u Jugoslaviji, MatematiÄki fakultet u Beogradu eLibrary, available at: <http://elibrary.matf.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/2119/simaR.pdf?sequence=1>.
-
Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels 2010, Marx/Engels Collected Works, Volume 43, Digital Edition, London: Lawrence & Wishart.
-
McDermott, Kevin and Jeremy Agnew 1997, The Comintern: A History of International Communism from Lenin to Stalin, London: Macmillan.
-
McLoughlin, Barry, Hannes Leidinger and Verena Moritz 2016, Kommunismus in Ãsterreich 1918â1938, Vienna: StudienVerlag.
-
MilojkoviÄ, Života 1925a, âProtivu netaÄnih i pogreÅ¡nih shvatanja: Povodom govora Georga Zinovjeva o naÅ¡oj politiÄkoj situaciji, Iâ, RadniÄko jedinstvo, I, 21 (24 May): 1.
-
MilojkoviÄ, Života 1925b, âProtivu netaÄnih i pogreÅ¡nih shvatanja: Povodom govora Georga Zinovjeva o naÅ¡oj politiÄkoj situaciji, IVâ, RadniÄko jedinstvo, I, 24 (14 June): 1.
-
MilojkoviÄ, Života 1925c, âProtivu netaÄnih i pogreÅ¡nih shvatanja: Povodom govora Georga Zinovjeva o naÅ¡oj politiÄkoj situaciji, Vâ, RadniÄko jedinstvo, I, 25 (21 June): 1.
-
NikoliÄ, Kosta 2015, Mit o partizanskom jugoslovenstvu, Belgrade: Zavod za udžbenike.
-
NikoliÄ, Miroslav M. 1979, KomunistiÄka partija Jugoslavije od Obznane do osnivanja NRPJ, Belgrade: Rad.
-
PeroviÄ, Latinka 1984, Od centralizma do federalizma: KPJ u nacionalnom pitanju, Zagreb: Globus.
-
PerovÅ¡ek, Jurij 2012, SamoodloÄba in federacija: Slovenski komunisti in nacionalno vpraÅ¡anje 1920â1941, Ljubljana: Institut za novejÅ¡o zgodovino.
-
Perovšek, Jurij (ed.) 1990, Razprava o nacionalnem vprašanju v KPJ leta 1923, Ljubljana: Partizanska knjiga.
-
PeÅ¡iÄ, Desanka 1970, âKriza u partijskoj organizaciji u Srbiji 1929. godineâ, Tokovi revolucije, V: 3â104.
-
PeÅ¡iÄ, Desanka 1983, Jugoslovenski komunisti i nacionalno pitanje, Belgrade: IzdavaÄka radna organizacija âRadâ.
-
PeÅ¡iÄ, Desanka (ed.) 1985, Sima MarkoviÄ, Tragizam malih naroda: spisi o nacionalnom pitanju, Belgrade: Filip ViÅ¡njiÄ.
-
Pijade, MoÅ¡a (ed.) 1950, Istorijski arhiv KomunistiÄke partije Jugoslavije, tom II: Kongresi i zemaljske konferencije KPJ 1919â1937, Belgrade: Istorijsko odeljenje Centralnog komiteta KomunistiÄke partije Jugoslavije.
-
Pijade, M.S. 1964, âMalo partijske istorije nacionalnog pitanja: jedan prilog za diskusijuâ, in MoÅ¡a Pijade: Izabrani spisi, Volume I, Book 2, edited by Pero MoraÄa, Belgrade: Institut za izuÄavanje radniÄkog pokreta.
-
PlavÅ¡iÄ, Dragan and Andreja ŽivkoviÄ (eds.) 2003, The Balkan Socialist Tradition and the Balkan Federation, 1871â1915, London: Porcupine Press.
-
Pleterski, Janko 1985, Nacije, Jugoslavija, revolucija, Belgrade: Komunist.
-
Riddell, John (ed.) 2011, Toward the United Front: Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International, 1922, Historical Materialism Book Series, Leiden: Brill.
-
Riddell, John (ed.) 2015, To the Masses! Proceedings of the Third Congress of the Communist International, 1921, Historical Materialism Book Series, Leiden: Brill.
-
Schultz, Helga 2015, âDer jugoslawische Wegâ, in Reformen und Reformer im Kommunismus, edited by Wladislaw Hedeler and Mario KeÃler, Hamburg: VSA Verlag.
-
Schwartz, Stephen 1993/1994, âAnte Ciliga (1898â1992): A Life at Historyâs Crossroadsâ, Journal of Croatian Studies, 34/35: 181â206.
-
SemiÄ, M. 1925, âK nacionalânomu voprosu v Jugoslaviiâ, BolâÅ¡evik, 11â12: 20â22.
-
Smith, Jeremy 1999, The Bolsheviks and the National Question, 1917â23, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
-
Stalin, Iosif VissarionoviÄ 1925, âEÅ¡Äe raz k nacionalânomu voprosuâ, BolâÅ¡evik, 11â12: 23â29.
-
Stalin, Iosif VissarionoviÄ 1947, SoÄinenija, Volume 7, 1925, Moscow: OGIZ.
-
Vinaver, Vuk 1973, âBalkanska saradnja u ideologiji jugoslovenskih komunista izmeÄu dva svetska rataâ, Tokovi revolucije, 1: 67â132.
-
VlajÄiÄ, Gordana 1987, Jugoslavenska revolucija i nacionalno pitanje 1919â1927, Zagreb: Globus.
-
Archives of Yugoslavia (Arhiv Jugoslavije, AJ), Belgrade.
-
Fond 790/1 â Communist International (KPJ Section).
-
Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj archiv socialâno-politiÄeskoj istorii, RGASPI), Moscow.
-
Fond 495, Subfond 2 â Presidium of the ECCI.
-
Fond 495, Subfond 11 â Secretariat of the ECCI Secretary Wilhelm Pieck (1934â1941).
-
Fond 498, Subfond 1 â Viennese Bureau of the ECCI.
-
Fond 502, Subfond 1 â Southern Bureau of the ECCI.
-
Fond 509, Subfond 1 â The Executive Bureau of the Balkan Communist Federation of the ECCI.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 767 | 766 | 55 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 34 | 34 | 10 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 102 | 102 | 28 |
Bauer or Luxemburg? Understanding the Yugoslav Communist âRight Factionâ in the 1920s
äºHistorical MaterialismSearch for other papers by Stefan Gužvica in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
This article is a reassessment of the âright factionâ in the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) in the 1920s. This group confronted the party leadership and the Comintern over the applicability in Yugoslavia of Leninist self-determination until secession. As such, they had been variously described as either Austro-Marxists or Serbian nationalists. However, the right factionâs common thread was scepticism regarding the revolutionary potential of nationalism. This places them in the Luxemburgist camp, meaning their critique of Leninism on the national question came from the left, not the right. While questioning the general applicability of the leftâright distinction regarding the Yugoslav communist movement, the article will pay particular attention to the figure of Sima MarkoviÄ, the factionâs unofficial leader. His arguments were fundamentally Luxemburgist, although he vehemently denied that in discussions with the Comintern. The article will conclude with a reflection on how and why MarkoviÄâs eclectic and oftentimes contradictory views came to be considered Austro-Marxist rather than Luxemburgist, and how these accusations were instrumentalised in the process that the Comintern called âBolshevisationâ.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 767 | 766 | 55 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 34 | 34 | 10 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 102 | 102 | 28 |
