Chapter 20: Olfactory and visual integration in oviposition site selection of sand flies

G. Wasserberg; I. Tsurim; A.M. Saveer; L. Ponnusamy; C. Schal

Chapter 20: Olfactory and visual integration in oviposition site selection of sand flies

in Sensory ecology of disease vectors

Autor:innen:

G. Wasserberg

G. Wasserberg Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 235 Eberhart Bldg., Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.

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I. Tsurim

I. Tsurim Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Israel.

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A.M. Saveer

A.M. Saveer Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

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L. Ponnusamy

L. Ponnusamy Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

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C. Schal

C. Schal Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

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Art:: Kapitel

Seiten:: 535–562

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_20

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Oviposition-site selection is a critical component in the life cycle of all haematophagous insects. This topic, however, is poorly studied for sand flies. Studies are largely limited to three species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Phlebotomus papatasi, and Phlebotomus argentipes, with some, mostly anecdotal, observations in other species. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of sand fly oviposition behaviour across taxa and geographic regions. In this chapter, we show that gravid sand flies are attracted to olfactory cues from various sources, such as organic rearing media, conspecifics and microbes. The effects of visual cues have been studied in only one species (Ph. papatasi), which is attracted to dark objects resembling rodent burrow openings. Visual and olfactory cues in Ph. papatasi interact in a variety of ways. We review other physical external cues, such as surface texture, size of the oviposition site and its humidity, as well as endogenous factors, such as circadian rhythm and photoperiod, which clearly interact with olfactory and visual cues. We propose a novel paradigm, the ‘vector-host coupling hypothesis’, to conceptually organise the oviposition behaviours of sand flies. We propose that gravid females, which breed in host residence (‘tightly coupled’) should be attracted to host-related cues, whereas those that do not (‘uncoupled’) might be more generalist in their responses to oviposition cues. In conclusion, studies of the interactive nature of olfactory, visual and other cues in sand flies are critical because oviposition-site seeking by gravid females involves multimodal integration of a variety of sensory cues and signals, including olfactory, contact chemosensory, gustatory, thigmotropic and visual. Research that addresses these gaps in our knowledge of sand flies, and a mechanistic understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of sand fly chemoreception, will substantially advance our understanding of the oviposition behaviour of sand flies.

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Sensory ecology of disease vectors

ISBN:: 9789086869329

Verleger:: Wageningen Academic

Print-Publikationsdatum:: 18 Dec 2022

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Chapter 20: Olfactory and visual integration in oviposition site selection of sand flies

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Sensory ecology of disease vectors

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