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Index

In: Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law
Author:
Barry de Vries
Barry de Vries
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Index

Accountability 9, 10, 53–60, 66, 111, 133, 136, 150, 155, 232, 250, 252–254
Actus reus 133, 134–135, 137, 146, 150, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 169, 170, 187, 190
Additional Protocol i 80, 210–214
Akayesu 188, 228–229
Aleksovski 218, 231
Artificial Intelligence 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 29, 31
‘Strong ai’ 29, 31–32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 48, 148, 150, 251
Automated 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15, 17, 40, 41, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 250
Automation 12, 15, 39, 50, 250
Autonomy 3–9, 12–34, 35–51, 124–127, 148, 249–250, 257
Bagilishema 224
Bemba
Pre-Trial Chamber 142, 144, 145, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 243
Trial Chamber Judgment 234, 235, 236, 238, 240, 243
Appeals Chamber Judgment 235, 236, 240
Biological Weapon 28, 94, 101, 105, 107, 127
Blagojević & Jokić 217, 218, 223
Blaškić
Trial Chamber Judgment 227, 231, 235, 238
Appeals Chamber Judgment 139, 107, 221, 224, 226
Boškoski & Tarčulovski 217
Brima 163n, 228n, 232
Brittle 28, 29, 31, 34
Chemical Weapon 28, 94, 105, 107, 116, 117, 127
Chui 157, 167, 178, 185, 186
Civilian 11, 24, 33, 94, 204
Objects 23, 90, 93
Population 26
Superiors 204, 205, 209, 218, 228–230, 234, 240–242, 246
Cognition 32, 47, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 150, 168
Combatants 77, 89, 94, 114, 126, 127
Command responsibility. See superior responsibility
Commission. See perpetation
Control theory 157, 158–162, 163, 164, 168, 170, 182
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons 89, 120, 130
Corporate responsibility 133, 147n
Deterrence 60, 61–63, 66, 68, 251
Direct human control 23, 26, 38, 39
Direct human involvement 12, 44, 47, 187–189
Distinction 23, 89–90, 93, 95, 114, 125, 126
Dolus directus 136, 141–142, 144, 150
Dolus eventualis 136, 143, 144–145, 150, 168, 183, 190, 192, 253, 255, 256, 257
Dolus specialis 134
Eichmann 172, 173, 179
Elements of crimes 106
Erdemovic 138n
Ethical governor 33, 34
Expressivism 61, 65–67, 68–69
Fair labelling 154, 158, 172
Fofana 221n, 232
Free will 37, 46, 136, 148–149, 150, 251
Gacumbitsi 161, 218
Galić 99, 104, 163
Hadžihasanović 216, 220, 221, 225, 231, 232
Hague Regulations
1899 71, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 102
1907 78, 79–80, 81, 197–198, 201, 203, 211
Halilović 219, 225, 226, 232
High Command 206–208, 212–213
Hostage 208–209
icrc 86, 212, 238
icrc Study on Customary International Law 111, 118–119
ictr 58, 59, 62, 64, 144, 161, 169, 184, 215, 221, 225, 228, 229, 230
Statute 58, 215, 216, 222, 228, 238, 239
icty 57–58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 138, 139, 156n, 161, 169, 184, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 231, 238, 242
Statute 58, 102, 104, 138–139, 214–216, 222, 228, 238, 239
In re van der Giessen 79
Inducing 170
Inherently indiscriminate 75, 89–98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125–128, 129, 130, 251, 255
Intent 102, 103, 136, 138–145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 183, 190, 192–193, 195, 255
International Humanitarian Law 32, 33, 34, 66, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 83, 84, 88, 89, 91, 96, 99–101, 102, 103, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 123, 129, 130–131, 218, 225, 250, 255
International Law Commission 57, 59
International Military Tribunal 55, 56, 58, 59, 132, 154, 184, 203, 206
International Military Tribunal for the Far East 56, 58, 59, 154, 184, 203–206, 213
Kampala 60, 106, 113, 122
Katanga and Ngudjolo Chui 144, 161, 177, 178, 179–180, 181, 182, 183, 184–185, 191, 192, 253
Katanga 145, 151, 156, 170, 178, 179–181, 183, 185–186
Knowledge 30, 111, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 175, 183, 190, 193, 198, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 217, 222–224, 225, 230, 234, 238, 239, 240, 242, 246–247, 254
Kajelijeli 233
Kayishema et al. 230, 241n
Kokkinakis v. Greece 110
Kordić & Čerkez 188, 227, 232
Krnojelac 220, 223, 231
Krstić 188
Legality, principle of 99–100, 108–109, 111, 186
Lieber Code 76n, 77, 84, 85n
Limaj et al. 163, 219, 227
List. See Hostage
London Charter 55, 56, 57, 206
Lubanga
Confirmation of Charges 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 159, 160, 161, 165, 166, 168, 170, 239
Trial Chamber Judgment 145, 151, 155, 156n, 165, 167
Appeals Chamber Judgment 154, 155, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168
Machine learning 29–31, 34, 45
Man-in-the-loop 42, 43, 44, 45
Man-on-the-loop 43, 45
Man-out-of-the-loop 42, 43, 44, 45
Martić 94, 95
Mpambara 225
Mens rea 102, 128, 133, 135–137, 138–145, 145–150, 152, 158, 164, 165, 168, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, 202, 203, 212, 222, 224, 238, 244, 247, 251
Military objective 89, 90, 91–92, 103, 125, 126
Military necessity 77, 83–85, 87
Mucić et al. 216–217, 219, 222–224, 226, 228, 237
Musema 229–230
Nahimana 163, 218
Negligence 136, 143, 144, 207, 208, 223, 239–240, 242, 256, 257
Nikolić 61
Non-combatants 77, 89, 91, 114, 126, 127
Ntaganda 182, 185, 188, 191
Nuclear weapons 72, 89, 95–96, 97, 101, 104–105, 106, 110n, 114, 118
Nuclear weapons advisory opinion 87, 88, 91, 92, 95–96, 110n
Nullum crimen 108–112, 129, 199
Ordering 33, 38, 43, 170, 171–172, 173, 174, 180, 181, 182–183, 185, 187, 188, 191–192, 196, 200, 209, 229, 252, 253
Organisationsherrschaft 172–184, 191, 253
Orić 217, 218, 220, 222, 223, 227
Perpetration 152–193
Indirect 168–184, 191–192, 252–253
Indirect co-perpetration 184–186
Individual 162–163, 187–188, 189, 192, 252
Joint 164–168, 190
Programming 28–34, 37, 39, 44–48, 126, 127, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 244, 246, 249, 251, 252, 253, 255
Recklessness 136, 143, 144
Reconciliation 65, 68
Remote-controlled 9, 13, 15, 19, 27, 40, 43
Retribution 60–61, 68, 135
Roechling 209–210, 213
Ruto et al. 182
Seromba 161, 169
Sèvres, treaty of 54
Shimoda et al. 74
Simić 61
SirUS 86
Soliciting 170
ss Lotus Case (France v. Turkey) 70
Stakić
Trial Chamber Judgment 161
Appeals Chamber Judgment 161, 184
Stashynsky 158n
Strugar 139, 227
Stuxnet 20, 23n, 127
St. Petersburg Declaration 77–78, 84
Superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering 76–89, 96, 99, 101, 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 110, 114. 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124–125, 128, 129, 130, 251, 255
Superior responsibility 194–248, 253–254
S.W. v. the United Kingdom 110
Tadić
Interlocutory appeal 115–116, 120
Appeals Chamber Judgment 138–139, 163, 169n
Targeting 49, 75, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94–96, 127, 250
uav 13, 17–18, 27
ugv 15, 19
Versailles, treaty of 53–54, 199
Volition 136, 139, 140, 143, 144, 147, 149–150, 168, 190
Von Leeb. See High Command
War crime 9, 54, 70, 74, 98, 99, 100, 111, 112, 115, 128, 147, 204, 206, 213, 215, 250, 256
Weapons law 73, 74–75, 88, 90, 91, 94, 96, 97, 116, 251
Yamashita 200–202, 203, 204, 206, 208, 210n, 211

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Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law

Series:  International Humanitarian Law Series, Volume: 65
Cover Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law
E-Book ISBN:
9789004524316
Publisher:
Brill | Nijhoff
Print Publication Date:
17 Feb 2023
  • Subjects
    • Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
      • Human Rights
      • Humanitarian Law
      • International Criminal Law
    • International Law
      • International Law: General Interest
Front Matter
Preliminary Material
Copyright Page
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Development of Autonomy in Weapon Systems
Chapter 3 Meaning of Autonomy
Chapter 4 The Why of International Criminal Justice
Chapter 5 AWS Considered as Prohibited Weapons
Chapter 6 AWS Considered as Responsible Actors
Chapter 7 Commission
Chapter 8 Superior Responsibility
Chapter 9 Conclusion
Back Matter
Treaties, Conventions & Domestic Legislation
Jurisprudence
Bibliography
Index

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