Index
Abiff, Hiram
4, 255, 280
Abraham
3
Academies, Academy, Accademia
45, 97–98, 164, 167, 171, 236, 289
Academici forestieri
227
Accademia del Disegno
227
Accademia degli Infiamati (University of Padua)
10, 79, 85, 91, 95, 162, 252, 281, 289, 295
Accademia della Fama (Venice)
93
Accademia de Santo Pietro (Mantuan Court)
236
Accademia di Costozza
146
Accademiae Trissineae lux et rus
51, 159
Accademia Malliana (Rome)
18
Accademia Olimpica (Vicenza)
45, 146, 224, 227
Accademia Platonica (Ficino’s Platonic Academy of Florence)
18, 53–54, 162–163
Accademia Trisiniana
54, 164, 224
Platonic Academies
7, 9–10, 13–19, 43, 46, 52–53, 55, 71–72, 85, 93, 99, 141, 145, 159, 162, 166, 169, 193, 198, 200, 213, 217, 227, 230, 280–282
Trissino’s Academy at Cricoli
45–46, 73, 93, 159
Achelleid
292
Achilles
292
Adamson, Henry
70
Adonis
270
aegis
29, 31, 57
Aeneas
292
Aeneid
232, 240, 292
Agrippa, Cornelius
5
Albo, Frank
10
Alchemy (incl. alchemical, alchemists)
138
Hermes Trismegistus
274
Mercury
39
Rebis
136
Rosicrucianism
70
Alciati, Andrea
26, 63, 66, 91, 168, 200, 233
Aldine Press, Venice
230
Alexander the Great
252
Alexander VI (Pope)
47
Alexander VII (Pope)
183
Alighieri, Dante
39, 48, 50, 264, 289–290
and Freemasonry
296
and mirror
171
and self-knowledge
291–295
and the settentrione
191–192
Convivio
163
Inferno
290–293, 295
La divina commedia—entry into heaven
64–66, 101, 156
Paradiso
39, 65, 101, 163, 290–291, 293–294
Purgatorio
191, 292–293, 295
Allah
296
Allegory of Prudence
19, 198–204, 211, 217, 228, 230, 279, 282
Allegory of Virture
31, 57, 74
Allucius
252
Almerico, Paolo
46, 146, 164, 175, 185, 194
Altdorfer, Albrecht
85
Amphitrite
38
Anabaptism
2, 45, 70, 94
Anabaptist
45–46, 69–70, 93
analemma
76, 80–81, 130, 132–133, 152, 176, 288
Anderson, James
141, 197, 231
Andreae, Johann Valetin
70
angel
25, 141, 160, 163
Angelini, Annarita
167, 219
Annunciation
4, 113
Antichità di Roma
288
Antonini, Floriano
193
Aphrodite
271
Apicius
259
Apollo (incl. Appollo)
38–39, 65–67, 85, 101, 152, 156, 172, 222, 237–238, 252, 270, 274, 287
Apotheosis of Venice
4
Aquinas, Thomas
53, 79, 157, 164, 166–167, 172, 184, 216–218, 237, 264, 279
and Dante
163, 294–295
and the Italia liberata
161–163
first sermon
183
and free will
213–214
in Camillo’s L’idea del teatro
222
on prudence
24–34, 138–139
Palladio’s connection to
166
Aratus
90
Aretino, Pietro
162, 167, 183, 208, 213–214, 217, 227, 240
Ariosto, Ludivico
227
Aristophanes
256
Aristotle
14, 16–17, 32, 39, 77, 79, 90, 98, 114, 138, 145, 150–151, 241
Ark of the Covenant
3, 8, 132
Arte del Navigare
109, 184
astrology
35, 39, 53, 59, 247, 249, 264
Astrology, (Raphael)
42
astronomy
19, 24, 26, 31, 39, 60, 66, 80, 82, 86, 88, 128, 136, 149, 180, 274, 279, 288
Athena
26, 28, 98–99, 113, 160 (see also Pallade Atena, Pallas)
Athens
26
Augustan Style
141, 231
Augustinian
290 (see also St. Augustine)
Augustus
183
Aureli, Pier Vittorio
15–16
Ausonia
160–161
autumnal equinox
131
Bacchiglione River
146
Bacchus
172, 175, 268
Badoer, Federico
93
Baldus
244
Baptism of Christ
93
barbarians
160
Barbaro, Cornelia
94
Barbaro, Daniele
4, 8–10, 14, 17, 19, 75, 80–82, 85, 94–95, 100–109, 111, 114–117, 122, 128, 138, 142–145, 150–152, 155, 157, 176–177, 183–184, 192, 203, 224, 227, 231, 279, 283–284, 286, 288 (see also Villa Barbaro)
and astronomy
86–90
and gnomonics
129–134
and logos
1–2, 77–79, 115
and prudence
9
and the Accademia degli Infiammati
96–99
Della eloquenza
91–93
praise of Dürer
134, 136
suspisions of heresy
93
Barbaro, Ermolao
77
Barbaro, Francesco
80
Barbaro, Marc’Antonio
82
Barbieri, Franco
25, 51, 128
Barbieri, Giuseppe
146
Barkan, Leonard
12
Baroque
287
Barozzi, Francesco
114
Battilotti, Donata
175
Beatrice
191–192, 293
Beck, David
39
Belisario
51, 160, 161
Belisarius
51
Bellincione, Alighiero
291
Bellini, Giovanni
31
Beltramini, Guido
46
Bembo, Pietro
48, 95, 97–98
Bergson, Henri
120–121
Morsolin, Bernardo
17, 69
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo
182–183
Bible
26, 71, 158, 274
biblical
2–3, 111, 208, 247
Binà
209
Biondo, Flavio
182
Blumenberg, Hans
279
Boccaccio, Giovanni
26, 181
Boethius
61, 85
Bologna
51
Bonaventura (Fra Bonaventura da Catarzano)
45–46
Bonaventure
295
Boniface IV (Pope)
180
Boschetti, Isabella
232
Boucher, Bruce
145
Bramante, Donato
184
Britain
21, 141
Brunetto (see Latini, Brunetto)
Bruno, Giordano
223
Brusasorzi, Domenico
238
Buddhism
272
Buonarroti, Michelangelo
184
Buondelmonte
54
Burns, Howard
144, 164
Cabalistic
255
Cabbalism
5
Cacciaguida
290–291, 294
Caen
21
Caesar, Julius
252
Cagliari, Paolo
4 (see also Veronese)
Calcondila, Demetrio
18, 54, 162
Callender, Jassen
231
Callicles
42
Callidio
163
Calvin
22, 45
Calvinism
45
Calvinist
45, 69–70
Cambrai (see League of Cambrai)
Camera degli Imperatori
249
Camera degli Imprese
252, 274
Camera degli Stucchi
249
Camera dei Candelabri
276
Camera dei Venti
247, 274
Camera delle Aquile
247
Camera di Ovidio
232
Camerino dei Falconi (Palazzo Ducale)
276
Camillo, Giulio
10, 20, 203, 208–210, 218–222, 224, 230, 245
Campbell, Erin J.
202, 211
Campbell, Stephen J.
11–12, 58–60
Campeggi, Tommaso
170
Campus Martius
183
Canera, Anselmo
22–24, 26, 28, 31–32, 34, 38, 42–43, 49, 54, 56, 67, 111, 185, 233
Canonica
202
Capaccio, Giulio Cesare
228
Capra
175
Caraglio, Jacopo
29
Cardinal Ridolfi
54
Caroto, Giovanni Francesco
24
Cartari, Vincenzo
28, 156
Cassius, Dio
180
Castello, Giambattista
25
Castiglione, Baldassare
48, 149, 232
Catholic
16, 21, 43–45, 47, 50–51, 53–54, 69–70, 113–114, 199, 230, 243
Cato
240
Cellauro, Louis
128
Celsus
93
Cerberus
170, 172, 188
chariot
41, 230, 237–238, 247, 252
charioteer
41, 230
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
50–51, 73, 239, 242–245
Chartres cathedral
113
Chiericati (family)
50 (see also Palazzo Chiericati)
Chiron
292
Christ
3–4, 45, 56, 132, 167, 192, 217, 220, 222, 272, 287, 292
Christian(s)
3, 5, 7, 56, 69, 85, 132, 170, 192, 222, 242
Christianity
2, 34, 53, 71, 111, 113–114, 132, 138, 199, 205, 272
Christmas
132
Church of
San Francesco della Vigna (Venice)
5, 215
San Giovanni i Paulo (Venice)
4
Santa Corona
166, 183
Santa Maria sopra Minerva
182–183
Cicero
77, 156, 208, 221, 246–247
Clarissimi pictoris et geometrae (Albrecht Dürer)
136
Clement VII (Pope)
48–50, 240
Cocke, Richard
83, 85
Cohen, Simona
205, 210–211
Collegia Vicentina
22, 45, 69
Colonna, Francesco
199, 218, 221, 235–237, 255–256, 264, 271, 277
colonnades
75, 105, 115, 117
column(s)
4, 36, 50, 60, 75, 82, 116, 130, 136, 166, 232, 235, 245
Compass (constellation)
228
compass(es)
26, 57, 72, 134, 136, 218
Confucianism
272
Congestorium artificiosae memoriae
246
constellation(s)
39, 61, 63–64, 66–67, 73, 88–91, 136, 197, 233, 247, 264
Consule Giovanni
160–161
Convivio
163, 291
Cooper, Tracy E.
116
Copernicus
86
Cornaro, Alvise
104, 128
Correggio, Antonio da
31, 57, 59–60, 67, 74, 196, 276
Cosgrove, Denis
114
Council of Trent
44
Counter-Reformation
9, 199, 230
Cricoli (see Palazzo Cricoli)
Cromwell, Oliver
21
cruciform
83, 105, 111, 116, 142, 177
Ctesibio
103
Cupid
7, 32, 232–234, 247, 270–271, 277
Curl, James Stevens
7, 10, 288
Cythera
270
Damisch, Hubert
120
Da Mula, Marc Antonio Da
52, 54
Danae
276
D’Andrea, David
44
Daniele (see Barbaro, Daniele)
Dante (see Alighieri, Dante)
Daphne
38
Darius
252
de Astronomia
66
Dee, John
5, 134
De harmonia mundi totius
5, 20, 167
De harmonia musicorum instrumentorum opus
61, 85, 151, 215
De horologi
177, 283–284
Deleuze, Gilles
121, 287
della Gondola, Orazio
45
Delphic Sybil
158
De Opificio
153
D’Este, Isabella
12, 19, 28, 31, 56, 59–60, 74, 236, 240, 243–244
D’Evelyn, Margaret Muther
80, 145
Devil worship
140
Dialogo della pittura (Ludovico Dolce)
23, 203, 214, 227
Dialogo di pittura (Paolo Pino)
213–215
Diana (Roman goddess)
38–39, 121, 172, 237–238, 252, 270–271
Dillon, George
21
Dilman, Ilham
41, 122, 217
Dionysus
268
Divina Sapienza (Divine Wisdom)
35, 87
Divine Comedy
163, 191, 289, 296 (see also La divina commedia; Alighieri, Dante, Inferno, Paradiso, Purgatorio)
Dolce, Ludovico
23–25, 203, 214–215, 219, 227, 273
Dominican(s)
163, 183, 217
Dorigny, Ludovico
175
Dossi, Dosso
32
Dougga mosaic
136
Draco
63–64, 66–67, 88, 90–91, 197, 233, 264
dragon
26, 31, 57, 59–60, 63, 66–67, 83, 87–88, 90–93, 95, 99–100, 102, 105, 111, 113, 134, 136, 168, 172, 181, 197, 232–233, 242–243, 256, 264, 279
Druidry
272
Duprey, Jennifer
220
Dürer, Albrecht
26, 63, 85, 100, 134, 136
Eagle
3, 50, 121, 235, 239, 242–243, 245, 247, 260, 276, 292
Eco, Umberto
43, 171
Egypt
3, 199, 236, 274
Egyptian(s)
63, 66, 103, 113, 132, 152, 155, 169–170, 200, 205, 208, 219, 246, 262, 272, 274
Eisenman, Peter
105, 177
elephant
182–183, 256
Eleuterilyda (Queen)
236, 261–262
Emblem(s)
26, 70, 91, 134, 136, 175, 180, 199, 200–202, 204–205, 208–209, 215–216, 218, 230, 233, 249, 252, 280, 282
Emblematum liber
26, 63, 200
Emperor
51, 72, 160, 239
Charles V
50, 244
Holy Roman Emperor
48–49, 72, 243
Justinian
51
Maximilian
47, 50
Roman Emperor Tiberius
259
England
21, 94, 111, 130
English
140, 180
Enlightenment
8, 140, 204, 274, 290
Ennead
92
Epistola a Clemente
48
Epistolario
182
Equicola, Mario
240
Erasmus
43–44, 220, 240
Ercole
60 (see also Hercules)
Euclid
114
Euphrosine
85
Europa
276
Europe
8, 47, 216, 239, 274, 288
Eurydice
275
Exegetic Homilies of St. Basil
228
Exodus
3
Fabricius
240
Fabrini
214, 227
Falco, Raphael
279
Fasti
268
Fellows, Colonel John
7–8, 10, 132
Feltre, Vittorino da
61
Fiamma, Gabriel
111, 113
Ficino, Marsilio
7, 10, 18, 53, 54, 56, 71, 72, 91–93, 197, 199, 204–205, 230–231, 264, 279–281
Ficinus, Marsilius
92
Field, J.V.
224
Filologo, Tommaso
59–60
Firenzuola, Agnolo
48
Flandino, Ambrogio
240
Florence
18, 53, 72, 159, 162
Florentine Republic
244
Folengo, Teofilo
244
Forssman, Erik
239
Foucault, Michel
14, 32
Francesco II of Mantua (also Gonzaga, Francesco)
59, 244
Francis I of France
243
Franco, Battista
93
Freccero, John
290
Freedman, Luba
11
Freemasonry
10–11, 36, 67, 74, 79, 92–93, 132, 137–139, 185, 200, 203–204, 209, 235, 247, 249, 255, 292
and Dante
296–297
and Dürer
134–136
and Marsilio Ficino
7–8, 53, 71–72, 93, 197, 199, 230–231, 281
and Palladio
140–141, 196, 231, 280–281
and prudence
8–9, 218
and sundials
287–289
and the art of memory
245–246, 252
and the Reformation
70, 94, 140
and the Temple of Solomon
4–7, 82, 196, 208, 280
and the transmigration of the soul
264
and tolerance
271–276
importance of logos to
148, 152, 179, 196, 208, 218, 228–229, 279, 281, 289
Mason Word
8, 70, 245
Plato’s influence on
198, 230, 238, 279
theories of origin
21–22, 46, 69
Freemason(s)
4, 7–8, 16, 20–22, 69–72, 92, 132, 134, 136, 138–141, 159, 170, 179, 191, 193, 196–198, 200, 209, 216, 218, 231, 234, 264, 274, 278, 280–281, 287–289, 292, 296–297
Frisio, Gemma
86
Frontispiece
117, 132, 153, 155–158, 282
Gabriele, Mino
67
Gaffurius, Franchinus
61, 63, 66–67, 85, 88, 103, 151, 215–217
Galatians
196
Ganymede
260, 275–276, 292
Genealogy of the Pagan Gods
181
Gere, John Arthur Giles
59
Geryon
207, 210, 292
Gigantomachia
235–236, 238, 274
Giorgi, Francesco
5, 10, 20, 167, 203, 215–219
Giustiani, Giustiniana
82
Gnomon
102, 130–131, 176–177, 183
Gnomonics
79–81, 86, 102, 105, 115, 130, 138, 143, 183, 288
Gnostics
92, 197
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
191
Gombrich, Ernst
14
Gonzaga family
59, 232, 239
Gonzaga, Federico
20, 51, 59, 232–233, 236, 239–240, 243–245, 247, 276
Gonzaga, Francesco (see Francesco II of Mantua)
Gonzaga, Isabella D’Este (see D’Este, Isabella)
Gospel(s)
1, 56, 220, 242, 272
Goths
51, 160–161, 163
Gould, Cecil
74
Gould, Robert Freke
72
Greece
208, 236
Greek
2, 18, 25, 28, 39, 54, 56, 113, 153, 170, 192, 235, 268, 272, 274, 292
Greeks
11, 32, 98, 132, 152, 247
Green, Lawrence D.
77
Grimani, Giovanni
111
Gritti, Doge Andrea
49, 215
Guazzo, Marco
86
Guinizelli, Guido
293–294
Hades
170
Harmony of the Spheres (see also De Harmonia Musicorum Instrumentorum Opus)
61, 67, 85, 87–88, 142, 151, 172, 175, 181, 208, 215
heaven
1, 35, 39, 41–42, 57, 59–61, 65–67, 82, 86–87, 91–93, 99, 121, 149–150, 160, 175, 180–181, 191–192, 197, 209, 212, 217, 223, 242, 245, 264, 276, 281, 228–229, 242, 247, 276, 281, 296
Helios
247
Hell
292, 296
Heptaplus
219
Hera
271
Heraclitus
2
Hercules
38–39, 49, 61, 148, 207, 210, 233, 237, 246–247, 277 (see also Ercole)
Hercynian Forest
256
heresy
9, 74, 93
Heretical
16, 45, 73, 93–94, 272
Heretics
44–45
Hermaphrodite
39, 136–137
Hermes
39, 55, 199, 274
Hermetic
8, 90, 199, 219
Hermeticism
5, 7, 199
Hermogenes
55
Herod
4
Hickson, Sally
234
Hieroglyphica
205, 207–208, 210, 227
Hieroglyph(s)
169, 199, 200, 205, 208, 215, 230, 246, 262, 274
Hollander, Anne
31
Holy Roman Empire
47, 50, 73, 239
Homer
12, 24–25, 28, 49, 95, 98–99, 214, 252
Iliad
28, 99, 252
Odyssey
24–25, 28, 252
Horologiale star
101, 109, 176–177, 283
Howard, Deborah
85–86, 116
Hyginus
66
Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
20, 64–65, 168–170, 183, 199–200, 202, 219, 221, 229–230, 235–237, 255–256, 260, 268, 270–274, 276–277, 279, 282, 288
Iconography
13, 24, 26, 28, 32, 35, 79–88, 100, 185, 236, 242, 255
I dieci libri dell’architettura di M. Vitruvio
1, 9, 19, 75, 77, 79–80, 86–88, 102–104, 109, 111, 114, 122, 128, 131, 134, 143–145, 151, 155, 157, 176, 183, 203, 283–284, 288
Il libro degli emblemi
168
imago urbis
103
Imperador
160
In Somnium Scipionis
171
I quattro libri dell’architettura
1, 14–16, 36, 105, 117, 141, 144–150, 152–153, 157–158, 164, 168–169, 180, 184, 193, 281, 288
Isaac
3
Isis
113, 132, 138, 155, 182
Italia liberata dai Goti
16–17, 25, 51, 141, 158–159, 161, 163, 167, 169–170, 227
Ithaca
28, 61, 74, 274
Ivanoff, Nicola
87–88
Iversen, Margaret
287
Jacob’s Ladder
92, 197, 209, 264, 281
Janus
168
Jerusalem
3
Jesus
4, 31, 132, 162, 222
Jewish
3
Jews
3, 170
John (gospel)
2, 4, 56, 222, 242
John of Salisbury
25
John the Baptist
208
John the Evangelist
56
Johnson
70, 113
Jones, Inigo
141
Joshua
3
Jove
56, 99, 138, 193, 245, 266, 276, 292
Judaeus, Philo
152–153
Judaism
56, 192
Judgement of Paris
252 (see also Paris of Troy)
Julian calendar
132
Julius Caesar
252
Julius Exclusus
44
Julius II (Pope)
43–44, 47, 244
Juno
28, 98, 245
Jupiter (planet)
63, 87, 136, 181, 208
Jupiter (Roman god)
38–39, 72, 99, 121, 134, 172, 181, 235–236, 242, 256, 261–262, 275–276
Kabbalah
179, 203, 219
Kahn, Victoria
34
King David
3, 247
King Solomon
8, 196
Klug, Sonja Ulrike
113
Knight of the Rose
273
Knights Templar
21, 280 (see also Rosicrucians)
Kronos (see also Saturn (Roman god))
151
labyrinth
188, 264
Lackey, Douglas P.
26
La divina commedia
48, 64, 289–290, 293–294
Laocoön
240
Larcher, Luciana Crosato
85
La Serenissima
103
Lateran Council of 1513
53
Latin
25, 138, 202, 209, 280
Latini, Brunetto
290–291, 294
La Vita di San Tomaso
162, 183
Lazio
160
League of Cambrai
35, 44, 47, 49, 232, 244, 277
Leda
276
Lefaivre, Liane
271
Lefranc, Abbé Jacques François
21–22, 36, 69, 140, 230–231, 279
Lennon, John
296–297
Leo X (Pope)
50, 244
Levant
47
Liburnio, Niccolò
48
L’idea del teatro
203, 208–209, 218–219, 222, 224
Linear Perspective
1, 2, 78, 116–118, 121
Lodges
Lodge of Minerva
72
Lodge of Minerva of the Three Compasses
72
Lodge of Minerva and the Three Palms
72
Lodge of Minerva of the Three Lights
72
Old Kings’ Arms Lodge
141
Loggia di Davide
235, 247, 249
Logistica
261–264, 271
Logos
3, 15–16, 18, 20, 105, 115, 117, 123, 141, 144, 157–158, 175, 179, 193, 199, 203, 224, 231, 243, 281 (see also Logos opticos, Opticos logos)
and free will
19, 239–241, 282–287
and Minerva
56, 72, 196, 280
and prudence
79, 180, 200
and time
79, 128, 132, 139, 143, 196, 282
as a middle ground
126, 218–220
as absolute knowledge in
56, 67, 121, 140, 219
as living image
128, 132, 134, 282, 287–288
as speech
1, 12, 78, 114, 192, 223, 227, 289–290
as the Word of God
2, 4, 8, 22, 56, 94, 192, 208, 220, 242
duplicitous nature of
55, 122, 138, 192, 221, 228–229, 280
importance to Freemasonry
8–9, 69–72, 132, 148, 152–153, 196, 216, 280, 289
in architecture
1–2, 75–79, 102, 132, 149, 153, 171
relationship between light and
151–153, 221–223, 282, 288
relationship with myth
11–14, 55, 74, 138, 185–192, 219–220, 255–276, 297
Logos opticos
1–2, 75, 102 (also Logos, Opticos logos)
Loiselle, Kenneth
274
Lorandi, Marco
26
lotis
268
Luscombe, Desley
153
Luther, Martin
2, 18, 22, 43–45, 52, 54, 56, 69–70, 94, 192, 230, 287
Lutheran(ism)
2, 16, 18, 43–46, 54, 56, 69–70, 72, 73, 93–94, 134, 243
MacDonald, William L.
180–181
Machiavelli, Niccolò
18, 34, 54, 160, 163, 188, 211, 213, 264
Machina del mondo
1, 140, 149, 168, 171
Mackey, Albert
10, 21, 140–141
Macrobius, Ambrosius
63, 66, 90, 168–171, 175, 185, 206, 209, 221
Maffei, Scipione
157
Maganza, Alessandro
185
Magi
179
Magnus, Albertus
32
Malgre, Vicenzo
18, 54
Mannerist
24, 31, 37, 137
Mantegna, Andrea
28, 31, 57, 59–60, 67, 196
Mantua
4, 5, 12, 20, 28, 35–36, 56, 61, 73, 231–232, 236, 240, 244, 276, 281
Manutius, Aldus
169, 277
Marescaldi, Francesco
53
Mark (gospel)
272
Mars (planet)
63, 87, 136, 208
Mars (Roman god)
38–39, 172, 180, 270
Martelli, Ludovico
48–49
Martelli, Ugolino
97–98
Martin, John
211
Maser (see Villa Barbaro at Maser)
Mason Word
8, 70, 245
Masonic
4, 10, 20, 113, 134, 159, 255, 272, 280, 283
Masonry
21, 70, 188, 197, 280
Master Mason
134, 228, 249
Matrović, Branco
145
Maximilian, Holy Roman Emperor
47, 50
Medici
162
Medina, Pietro da
109–112, 176–177, 184
Mediterranean
47
Meledo
193
Melencolia
134
Mercury (planet) 2008
63, 87, 136
Mercury (Roman god)
39, 55, 80, 172, 180
metaphysical
56, 149, 192, 219
Michelangelo Buonarroti
158, 184
Milan
18, 54, 61, 162
Millar, Angel
134
Minerva (see also, Athena, Pallas Athena, Prudence)
13, 19, 21, 24–26, 28–29, 31–32, 38, 56–59, 61, 63–67, 72, 91, 95, 98–102, 105, 111, 113, 115, 117, 136–138, 141, 153, 156, 158, 160, 172, 176–177, 180–183, 185, 188, 191–192, 195–196, 239–240, 252, 279–280
Minerva Pacifica
29, 58
Ursa Minor
63–64, 66, 90, 100, 109, 176
Mirandola, Pico della
219
Mithraic Mysteries
93
Mitrovic, Branco
17, 90, 145–146, 152
Monte Cassino
161
Moon
63, 87, 136, 149, 181, 208
Morsolin, Bernardo
17–18, 46, 69
Moses
3, 208, 222
Mount Helicon
83, 95, 239
Mount Hymettus
272
Mount Moriah
3
Mount Pelion
292
Mount Purgatory
293
Mount Sinai
3
Murano
94
Muse(s)
61, 65–66, 70, 83, 85, 87–88, 95, 102, 123, 151, 156, 215, 246
myth(s)
16, 35, 220, 243, 275, 280
and the transmigration of the soul
232–238, 245–252
as exempla
7, 34, 269–270
Egyptian
63, 199
in cosmology
38–41, 63, 142, 181, 235
multivalent meaning of
11–13, 28–31
of origin
63, 67, 181, 279, 292
mythological
11–12, 19, 31, 34–35, 37–38, 56, 60, 81, 142, 204–205, 239, 270, 279–280
mythology
9–10, 13, 19, 35, 63, 181, 235, 239, 271, 283, 292
mythos
19, 74, 279
Narsete, son of Araspo
160–161
naturalism
24, 213
navigation
24, 66, 100, 111, 117, 138, 155, 156, 184
Neoplatonic
60, 71–72, 199, 209, 215, 230, 234, 279, 281
Neoplatonism
10, 230, 245
Neoplatonists
205
Nephesh
222
Neshamah
222
Newstead
288
nymph(s)
57, 256, 261–262, 267–268, 270, 276
nymphaeum
105, 118
obelisk(s)
54, 169, 182–183, 256, 262, 288
occult
4–5, 136, 196
oculus
142, 146, 152–153, 171–172, 175, 177, 180–181, 188, 192, 199, 228, 242, 288
Old Kings’ Arms Lodge
141
Olimpico
146, 224
Oliviera, Antonio Francesco
16, 164
Olivieri, Achille
18, 46, 54, 69, 72
Onerio
160
Opticos logos
79, 122, 128, 132, 134 (see also Logos, Logos Opticos)
Orpheus
56, 275–276
Orto Oricellari
18, 54
Osterhaven, Maurice Eugene
44
Ottoman Turks
47
Ottoman-Venetian war
277
Ouroboros
63, 66, 168, 170–171, 185, 221
Ovid
11, 232, 235, 252, 267–268, 270, 275
Metamorphoses
11, 232
Padua
86 (see also University of Padua)
Pagan(ism)
13, 34, 85, 111, 113–114, 132, 181, 185, 222, 256
Paganini, Paganino
244
Palazzo Chiericati (Vicenza)
238, 281
Palazzo d’Areta
166
Palazzo dell’Odeo Cornaro (Padua)
202
Palazzo del Te
4, 20, 59, 229–233, 237, 239, 243–244, 252, 255, 264, 274, 276–279, 281–282
Palazzo Ducale
4, 276
Palazzo da Porto Festa (Vicenza)
239
Palazzo Iseppo da Porto
166, 238–239
Palazzo Thiene
4, 9, 18–19, 22, 24, 34–35, 46, 54–55, 60, 67, 69, 73, 81, 83, 87, 111, 138, 142, 166, 181, 185, 196, 232–233, 243, 279, 281–282
Palazzo Trevisan Capello (Canonica)
202
Palazzo Vendramin (Santa Fosca)
202
Pallade Atena
66, 91 (see also Pallas)
Palladio, Andrea
1–2, 4, 8–10, 14–16, 19–20, 25, 36, 45–46, 50, 69, 72, 80, 105, 115, 117, 128, 131, 139, 142–144, 149, 151–157, 163, 165–171, 175–176, 184, 188, 197–198, 232, 238, 279, 282, 288
and astronomy
149, 177, 283
and Minerva
180–183, 185
and the Platonic Academies
51, 164, 193, 224, 227
early career with Trissino
158–160
importance to Freemasonry
140–141, 196, 231, 280–281
Platonism in
5, 17–18, 145–148
possible links to heresy
45
recommendations on room distribution
126, 190–191
use of orthagonal projections
116
Pallas (also Pallas Athena)
24–26, 28, 56–57, 97–99, 160, 172, 182, 233, 280
Pallas and the Vices
59
Pallas Expelling the Vices
57
Pan
55
Panofsky, Erwin
120, 151, 202, 204–207, 211, 286
Pantheon
148, 152, 180–182, 288
paragone
203, 214–215, 227
Paris of Troy
21, 28–30, 71, 98–99, 252, 271, 277 (see also Judgement of Paris)
Parmigianino
275
Paruta, Paulo
157
Paton, Chalmers Izelt
8
Patricius
290
Paul III (Pope)
44
Payne, Alina
14–15
Penny, Nicholas
208
Pérez-Gómez, Alberto
169
Persephone
270
Persian
161, 170
perspective
1–2, 10, 14, 39, 75, 78–79, 102, 114, 116–118, 120–122, 128, 132, 134, 136, 143, 157, 230, 282–284, 286
Petrarch
98, 214, 222
Phaenomena
90
Phaethon
247
phallus
268, 270
Pharsalus (battle of)
252
Philip II of Spain
204
Philo
152–153
Philology
25
Piansi e cantai
95, 98
Piazza Minerva
182–183
Pierguidi, Stefano
209
Pike, Albert
10–11, 71, 92–93, 138, 152, 170, 179–180, 193, 197–198, 218, 228–229, 271–274, 289, 292, 296–297
pilgrim(age)
66, 191, 290–296
Pilot of the soul
19, 38–39, 41–43, 55–56, 67, 73, 88, 99, 126, 179, 192, 197, 217, 223, 242
Pino, Paolo
213–215
Pio, Alberto
194
Piombo, Sebastiano del
4
Pius IV (pope)
194
Pius V (pope)
194
planet(s)
39, 53, 61, 85, 87–90, 92, 130, 136, 142, 181, 191, 197, 208–210, 264, 281
Plato
2, 5, 7–10, 12–13, 17–19, 32, 38–39, 41–43, 52–56, 60–61, 63, 67, 71–73, 77–78, 87–88, 91–92, 98, 114, 121–123, 138, 141–142, 145, 148, 151–153, 155, 157, 161–163, 166, 172, 175, 179–181, 190, 192, 197–199, 204, 212–213, 215–219, 221–223, 227–228, 230, 237–239, 241–243, 245, 247, 256, 264, 273, 280–282, 288
Cratylus
55, 67, 123, 138, 180–181, 192, 221–222
Giorgias
42
Meno
42
Phaedrus
13, 32, 41–43, 60, 78, 91–92, 99, 114, 138, 179, 192, 204, 212–213, 217, 219–221, 223, 237, 241, 280
Republic
98n79
Symposium
114, 256
Timaeus
5, 61, 145, 151–152, 192, 215–216, 247
Plotinus
92, 290
Plutarch
87–88, 100, 132
poem
16, 51, 66, 97, 159–164, 166, 252, 289, 296
poet(s)
16, 25, 41, 49, 164, 203, 214, 227, 239, 244, 290, 293
poeta
203, 227
poetry
12–13, 16–17, 98, 164, 203–204, 214–215, 227
Polia
235, 256, 262, 266, 270–272, 276
Poliphilo
169, 200, 235–236, 256, 260–262, 264–267, 270–273, 276–277
Poliziano, Angelo
25
Pomona
267–268
Pompey
252
Pope
Pope Alexander VI
47
Pope Alexander VII
183
Pope Boniface IV
180
Pope Clement VII
48–50, 240
Pope Julius II
43–44, 47, 244
Pope Leo X
50, 244
Pope Paul III
44
Pope Pius IV
194
Pope Penis
240
portico(s)
115–117, 123, 146, 155, 166, 176–177, 182, 288
Porto (family)
50, 239, 243
Porto, Iseppo
46, 69, 72, 166
Porto, Luigi da
48
Pouncey, Philip
59
Prado
227
Prestonpans
288
Priapus
268–270
Primum Mobile
39
Prinz, Wolfram
148
Proclus
67, 114–115, 181
Promemoria
217
Providence
35, 247
Prudence (goddess)
19, 22–26, 28, 31–32, 35, 42, 46, 56–57, 59, 67, 85, 100, 136, 153, 156–158, 185, 196, 232–233, 279 (see also Minerva, Athena)
prudence (virtue)
15, 19, 22–23, 31, 35, 56, 85, 100, 111, 141, 143, 153, 196, 198, 203, 207–208, 221, 224, 237, 239, 252, 255, 262, 264, 279–280, 282–283
and free will
43, 54, 57, 73, 99, 102, 138, 215–218, 223
and logos
20
art criticism and
23–24, 213–215
in the Bible
8, 228
in the Platonic Academies
95–99
noblest of the virtues
156–158
relationship to Minerva
25–28, 66–67, 72, 91, 99, 160
role in Freemasonry
8, 69, 72, 138, 180, 200, 216
role in the production of harmony
61, 67, 86, 151, 211, 215–218
time and
103–104, 139, 151, 160–163, 167, 169, 185, 188, 202, 215–218
tricipitium as
151, 201, 205–206, 225–227
Trissino and
49
two ways of practicing
24–26, 32–34, 74, 138, 211, 213–218, 228
value to architecture
9, 77–79, 105, 169
Psyche
7, 232–235, 237, 247, 277 (see also Sala Psiche)
Ptolemy
64
Puppi, Lionello
117, 144, 166
Puttfarken, Thomas
204
Pyramid
236, 256, 263
Pythagoras
61, 222
Pythagorean
151, 215
Qabbalistic
172, 175
Quattro libri (see I quattro libri dell’architettura)
Queen Eleuterilyda
236, 261–262
Queen of the virtues
7, 156–157
Queen Sofonsba
224
Queen Telosia
262
Raimondi, Marcantonio
32
Ramses II
3
Raphael
35, 39, 42, 180
Rebis
136, 138, 209, 218, 280
Reformation
2, 7, 9, 22, 43, 46, 56, 199, 230
Regina virtus
117, 156–157, 282 (see also Queen of virtues)
Reist, Inge Jackson
85
Renaissance
3, 7, 10–13, 24–25, 28–29, 31–32, 34, 71, 111, 137, 149–150, 156, 168, 170, 188, 193, 198–199, 202, 204–205, 211, 230, 233, 235, 274–275
Repeta, Mario
46
Rhetoric
34, 77, 79, 208
Ridolfi (Cardinal)
54
Ridolfi, Carlo
83, 85
Rigon, Fernando
35, 38
Rigoni, Chiara
38
Ritratti
60
Roma instaurata
182
Roman Catholic Church
16, 21, 43–45, 47, 50–51, 70, 113–114, 230, 243
Roman Empire
48
Roman, Matt
105, 177
Romano, Giulio
20, 229, 232, 239, 244, 275, 282
and Mannerism
24
and the Solomonic column
4
drawing of Prudence
59, 233
importance to Freemasonry
231
influence of the Hypnerotomachia on
236
initial architect of the Palazzo Thiene
35–36
Romberch, Johannes
246, 252
Rome
1, 16, 18, 35, 39, 44, 50, 57, 144, 148–149, 158–159, 164, 181, 184, 239–240, 243–244, 281
Rosand, David
203
Rose Cross
70
Rose, Paul Lawrence
93
Knight of the Rose
273
Rosicrucian
70, 280
Rosicrucianism
21, 70
Rosie Cross
70
Rossi, Paolo
245
La Rotonda (incl. Villa Rotonda)
19, 46, 139, 141–143, 145–148, 152–153, 158, 163–164, 166, 169, 171–177, 180–182, 184–196, 198, 228, 242, 281–283, 288
Royal Institute of British Architects in London
116
Rucellai, Giovanni
18, 54
Ruscelli, Girolamo
86
Sabbadino, Cristoforo
104
Saint Benedict
161
Saint Mark
245
Sala degli Dei
5, 19, 22, 31, 35–36, 38, 46, 54, 55, 59–61, 67, 72–73, 81, 83, 87, 111, 138, 185, 242, 279
Sala dei Cavalli
233, 237, 239, 246
Sala dei Giganti
233, 235–237, 239, 242, 245, 252, 274
Sala della Crociera
83, 87–88, 105, 116, 118, 123, 126, 142–143
Sala delle Metamorfosi
232, 252
Sala dell’Eneidi
232
Sala dell’Olimpo
81, 83, 85–88, 99–100, 102, 105, 111, 118, 121–123, 126, 134, 136, 142–143, 282
Sala del Sole e della Luna
237, 239, 252
Sala di Psiche
232–233, 235–237, 244, 247
Sala di Troia
232
Salone di Ulisse
25
Samuels, Richard S.
9
San Francesco della Vigna (Venice)
5, 93, 215
San Giovanni i Paulo (Venice)
4
San Marco
50
San Pietro Montorio (Rome)
184
Sansovino, Jacopo
184
Santa Barbara
54
Santa Chiara (Murano)
94
Santa Corona
166, 183
Santa Fosca
202
Santa Maria Rotonda
180 (see also Pantheon)
Santa Maria sopra Minerva
182–183
Sarapis
168, 170
Sarego
193
Satan
43
Saturn (Greek god)
38–39, 151, 172, 181
Saturn (planet)
63, 87, 136, 208–210
Saturnalia
63, 66, 168–170
Scamozzi, Ottavio Bertotti
115, 123
Scamozzi, Vincenzo
146
Schaw Statutes of Freemasonry
245
Schaw, William
245
Scipio
171, 252, 254
Scotland
8, 21, 70, 255, 287–288
Scottish Freemasons
10, 21, 70–71, 92, 280, 287–288
Sebastiano del Piombo
4
Sejanus
256, 259
Semenzato, Camillo
164, 175
Seneca
252
Serapide
66, 221
Serlio, Sebastiano
184, 216
serpent(s)
63, 66, 73, 90–91, 168, 170, 185, 197, 201, 221, 240
settentrione
90, 100, 111, 134, 176, 188, 191–192
Sforza
162
Shaw, Christine
47
Shell of St. James
235
Shute, John
140
Silenus
268
Silenus Alcibiadis
240
Sinai Peninsula
3
Sirens
87
Sistine Chapel
158
Skinner, Quentin
156
snake
22–23, 26, 31, 38–39, 43, 55–56, 61, 66–67, 85, 90, 103, 111, 168, 170, 172, 175, 181, 185, 215–216, 228, 233, 242–243
Socinus, Lelio
21–22, 45, 69, 71–72
Socrates
41–42, 52, 55, 71, 123, 192, 198, 220, 241
Sofonisba
25, 224
Solomon
3–4, 8–9, 20–21, 82, 134, 140, 159, 181, 196, 208–209, 255, 280
solstice
132, 134, 155
sonnet
95, 97–98
Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite
10
Spain
204
Sphinx
74, 238
Spira, Forunio
216
Spranger, Bartholomäus
137
Stabius
88
Stanza
39, 40, 81
Stanza del Tribunale dell’Amore
83, 126
Stanza di Bacco
83, 126
Star(s)
39, 52–53, 59, 61, 63–64, 73, 87–88, 90, 92–93, 100–101, 109, 111, 113, 117, 131, 175–177, 179–181, 188, 191–192, 196–197, 228, 247, 283
Statius
292
St. Andrew’s cross
70
St. Augustine
222, 290–291
St. Basil
228
St. Benedict
161
St. Benedict’s abbey
161
St. Bernard
294
St. Christopher
292
Stella, Aldo
69
Stella del cielo
113
Stella del mare
109, 111, 113, 117–118, 131, 179
Stella del mondo
113
Stella di Minerva
179–180
Stevenson, David
8, 10, 199, 204, 287–288
Stivini
74
St. James
235
St. Jerome
223, 295
St. John
71, 220, 242
St. John (gospel)
56
St. Peter
51
Summa theologica
26, 157, 218
Sun
63, 87, 89, 102, 130–132, 136, 148–149, 152, 177, 179–181, 184, 191–192, 208–210, 221–222, 228, 237, 284, 287–288
sundial(s)
75, 80–81, 88–89, 102, 123, 128, 130–132, 136, 152, 183, 205, 222, 283, 287–288
Synderesis
223, 295
Tacitus
259
Tafuri, Manfredo
14, 103–104, 149, 215–216
Tarot
26
Tavernor, Robert
156
Taylor, Rabun
136
Teatro Olimpico
224
Telosia (Kingdom of)
262 (see also Queen Telosia)
Templar
21, 280
Temple of Hercules Victor (Tivoli)
148
Temple of Isis (Egypt)
132, 155
Temple of Minerva Medica (Rome)
181–183, 193
Temple of Solomon (Jerusalem)
3–4, 20–21, 82, 134, 140, 159, 196, 255, 280
Temple of Venus
148
Tesoro
290
Thalia
83, 85, 88
Thelemia
262
Thiene, Adriano
35, 46, 243
Thiene family
18, 23, 35–36, 44–46, 50, 52, 54, 56, 72–74, 231–232, 239, 243
Thiene, Gian Galeazzo
31, 35, 232
Thiene, Livia
72
Thiene, Marc’Antonio
72
Thiene, Marco
45
Thiene, Odoardo
45
Thiene, Ottavio
46
Thrace
276
Tiberius, Roman Emperor
259
Tintoretto
4
Titanomachy
63
Titans of Hesiod
172
Titian
4, 19, 31, 199–204, 207–219, 221–224, 227–228, 230, 279, 282 (see also Vecellio, Tiziano)
Tivoli
148
Tiziano
203, 208, 219 (see also Titian; Vecellio, Tiziano)
Toscolano
244
Tramontana
100–101, 109, 131, 176
Treviso
44, 80
tricipitia, (incl. tricipitium)
65, 85, 151, 170, 185, 199–203, 205–207, 209–211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 282
Trismegistus
199, 274
Trissino family
45, 193
Trissino, Giangiorgio
2, 10, 16–18, 25, 43, 45–46, 48–54, 60, 72–73, 93, 95, 104, 141, 145, 156, 158–167, 169–172, 191, 193, 197, 224, 227, 245, 264, 280, 289
Trissino, Giulio
45–46, 49
Trissino, Leonardo
50
Triumph of Minerva
188
Trojan War
28, 99, 252
Troy
240
Turks
47
Udine
193
Ulysses
24–25
Universe
2, 35, 71, 148–152, 171, 196, 198, 205, 215, 249, 273, 276, 280, 289
University of Padova 85 (also University of Padua)
17, 52, 85, 86, 95, 114, 202, 205
Ursa Major
63–64, 66, 90
Ursa Minor
63–64, 66, 90, 100, 109, 176
Ut Rhetorica Architetura
77
utopian
16, 169
Valeriano, Pierio
61, 205–208, 210, 224, 227
Varchi, Benedetto
10, 85, 98–99
Vasari, Giorgio
184, 211, 227, 239, 245
Vatican
47, 51
Vecelli, Orazio
204–205
Vecellio, Tiziano (see Titian)
Venetian Republic
21, 44, 46–47, 50, 72–73, 104, 243
Veneto
4, 9, 19, 35, 44, 69, 75, 87, 140, 200, 230, 279, 282
Venice
4–5, 15, 19, 21, 25, 28, 46–50, 72, 87, 93, 103–104, 113, 128, 131, 140, 151, 158, 167, 169, 194–195, 201, 215–217, 227, 230, 246, 263, 273, 277
Venus (goddess)
28, 38–39, 97–99, 148, 172, 181, 234, 236, 252, 270, 272
Venus (planet)
63, 87, 136, 208
Venzi, Fabio
71, 230
Vergerio, Pier Paolo
182
Verheyen, Egon
59, 236
Verona
15
Veronese
4, 31, 80–82, 99, 105, 122–123, 128, 279 (see also Paolo Cagliari)
Vertumnus
267–268
Vicenza
2, 4, 8–9, 15–19, 34–36, 43, 87, 94, 140, 142, 158, 172, 182, 195, 230, 232, 239, 279, 281, 289
and Platonic Academies
55, 93, 141, 146, 224, 227, 280
important influence on Palladio
159, 166, 193
link to Freemasonry
21–22, 69–72, 231, 238
ravaged by war
47–50, 194
support of Reformist ideas in
21, 45–47, 69, 73
Venetian control of
54, 245
Villa Barbaro (Maser)
4, 19, 74–80, 89–104, 112–116, 135–138, 141, 172, 176, 181, 190, 196, 242, 279, 281–283, 288
and Draco
87–91
and linear perspective
117–134
comparison with La Rotonda
142–153
room layout of
105–111
scholarly history of the decorative program in the Sala del Olimpo
81–87
solar alignment of
132–134
Villa Cricoli
18, 45, 51, 54, 159
Villa Cornaro
128
Villa delle Peschiere (Genoa)
25
Villa Emo
115, 128
Villa Fanzolo
128
Villa Maser (see Villa Barbaro)
Villa Ragona
193
Villa Repeta ai Campiglio
46
Villa Rotonda (see La Rotonda)
Villa Trissino (see Villa Cricoli)
Villa Trivigiano
193
Virgil
12, 97, 113, 191, 232, 234, 292–294
Virgin Mary
31, 32, 111, 113, 115, 180
Vita di San Tomaso
162, 183
Vitruvius
1–3, 5, 77–78, 80, 90, 102, 114, 138, 140, 144–145, 159, 177, 183, 208, 224, 231, 288
Vittoria, Alessandro
37
Vulcan
274
Warburg, Aby
13
Wilson, Bronwen
120
Wittkower, Rudolf
5, 14, 17, 28–29, 32, 111, 137, 145, 149
Wren, Christopher
141
Yahweh
296
Yates, Francis A.
4, 140, 252, 255
Zacchi, Giovanni
201
Zen, Nicolò
202
Zeus
181, 256, 260, 270, 275–276
zodiac
22, 35, 38–39, 67, 86–88, 90–92, 102, 130, 148, 172, 181, 243, 247, 274
Zoroaster
199
Zoroastrian
272
Zorzi, Giangiorgio
216–217
Zuichemus, Viglius
220